閱讀理解是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的一個(gè)重要方面，在英語(yǔ)中考中是一道高分值題。因此閱讀理解能否得高分，是英語(yǔ)成績(jī)好壞的關(guān)鍵。然而，縱觀現(xiàn)在我們的老師和學(xué)生，在復(fù)習(xí)中總認(rèn)為要提高閱讀理解能力只要多做多練閱讀理解題就行了，而忽視了相關(guān)的閱讀方法及閱讀中的一些解題技巧和注意事項(xiàng)，也忽略了最為重要的反思和總結(jié)這道程序，以至于造成學(xué)生在做某些閱讀理解題目的時(shí)候感覺(jué)摸不到頭腦，成績(jī)飄忽不定，閱讀理解也就自然而然成了學(xué)生難跨的一道卡。

那么，針對(duì)不同的題目該怎樣做呢？

1、細(xì)節(jié)題。在閱讀理解題中，大部分題目屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，旨在考查考生對(duì)閱讀材料中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或某個(gè)具體情節(jié)，或某個(gè)特定細(xì)節(jié)是否理解，這些題目有兩個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：（1）凡屬針對(duì)特定細(xì)節(jié)的考題，其正確答案大都可以在閱讀材料中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的文字部分作為驗(yàn)證。這一部分可能是一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，也可能是一個(gè)句子或相關(guān)的若干句子，但句式、用詞和表達(dá)方式不同。(2)干擾項(xiàng)往往是主體思想與細(xì)節(jié)混雜，正確答案的細(xì)節(jié)和非正確答案的細(xì)節(jié)混雜，甚至真假混雜。例如：

I never wanted a dog, but now I'm so glad I have one....then,(1)about six months after she arrived, I felt that something in my heart was taking place,and I was unable to stop it. My behavior began to change. (2) I began to smile at people when passing them in a street. (3)I returned(招手)from neighbors.(4)I started calling my kids and, to my surprise, they started calling me. (5)I even tried to speak to my grandchildren over the phone once. I even was glad to listen to the laughter from a 10-month-old granddaughter. The point is that I was changing···

60. When did the man's behaviour begin to change?
A. About two years ago.
B. When the dog was nearly two years old.
C. When the dog was 15 years old.
D. About six months after the dog arrived.

答案：D(直接找到原句(1))

61. Which of the following is not mentioned about the man's change?
A.He began to smile at people.
B. He liked helping his neighbours.
C. He started calling his kids.
D. He spoke to his grandchildren over the phone.

答案：B (根據(jù)原句(2)、(3)、(4)不難選出B為正確答案)

2.詞匯句意題。考查內(nèi)容多為名詞、動(dòng)詞、詞組甚至句子。英語(yǔ)中很多單詞和詞組在不同的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中有著不同的內(nèi)涵。例如…sports bring people together, but they divide them too. Fans of different teams fight all the time—they shout and hit each other. And here's another example: my brother plays high school baseball. Last week, his team played an important game. At the game, two parents fought about a call. Come on... Baseball is only a game! Sports are so competitive(有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的) these days.It's all about winning. Then the game isn't fun.

75. What does the underlined word“call”mean?
A. Decision. B. Telephone.? ? ? ? ? ? C. Suggestion. D. Seat.

根據(jù)上下文，我們首先可以排除B、C，那么two parents 為 a seat而爭(zhēng)斗，顯然也不合乎情理，因此，確定A為正確選項(xiàng)。指導(dǎo)學(xué)生做這類題時(shí)，我們可以根據(jù)文章上下文、文化背景、作者意圖等線索分析語(yǔ)境，猜出詞義；也可以通過(guò)詞綴、合成等構(gòu)詞法去猜測(cè)詞義，如前綴“un-/im/in-”含“否定”之意，后綴“-er”表“從事……的人”等；還可以分析其詞性，利用語(yǔ)法、句法規(guī)則推斷該詞是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他詞類以及在句中起什么作用，從而猜出詞義。

3.推斷題。推斷性考題旨在考查學(xué)生透過(guò)表面的文字信息，對(duì)某些深層次情節(jié)經(jīng)過(guò)分析、綜合、歸納，做出合乎邏輯的推理。這類題的答案通常不在文章中明確表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，要求考生在全面理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，推斷文章的潛在含義，找出結(jié)論。如：

According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?
A.You often play football with your friends after school.
B. Your teacher has got a cold.
C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn't been caught.
D. The bike in front of your house is lost.

…secondly,a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don't want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad”news.有這樣一段文字：根據(jù)這段文字，我們可以推斷：電視報(bào)道的新聞故事是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正確答案應(yīng)為C。指導(dǎo)學(xué)生做這類題時(shí)，學(xué)生要善于從文章表面所表達(dá)的信息或根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，切忌脫離短文內(nèi)容；還要能夠透過(guò)文章的字面意思把握作者的真實(shí)的思想，推斷出沒(méi)有直接表達(dá)出來(lái)的信息、隱含意義或深層結(jié)論。

4.主旨題。即考查考生對(duì)文章的主題、標(biāo)題、中心思想的理解程度及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力。主題思想是文章的核心。能否抓住文章的主題思想，是考查考生閱讀能力的重要體現(xiàn)。這類題目一般為：What's the main idea of this passage?或Which is the best title of this passage?等。要準(zhǔn)確地抓住文章的主題思想，就要十分留意文章的主題句。有的文章一開(kāi)始就亮出主題，全文隨著主題而展開(kāi)。如：All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物鏈).Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.第一句即是主題句。這個(gè)句子概括了本段的中心思想，“地球上所有的生物要生存都離不開(kāi)其他的生物”。其他事實(shí)都是圍繞第一個(gè)句子展開(kāi)的。有的文章則需要學(xué)生善于抓在文中具有概括性的信息，從上下文連貫的意思來(lái)理解全文，看作者主要談的是什么，透過(guò)文字?jǐn)⑹龅倪^(guò)程來(lái)歸納主題，再?gòu)倪x擇項(xiàng)中找出最符合表達(dá)主題思想的選項(xiàng)。有些干擾項(xiàng)，從局部看也許不算錯(cuò)，但從全局看卻又片面。這類干擾項(xiàng)與正確答案之差，其實(shí)是局部與全局之差。因此學(xué)生在做題時(shí)不要被局部現(xiàn)象迷惑，而忽略了文章的整體思想。