Free Core Java Online Practice Test and Preparation for Exam
20190110
1.legal identifier
java naming:Variables
firstLetter: letter ,
$,_number is not allowed in first letter
secondAfter:letter,$,digit,_
+ is not allowed here
20190111
2.variable initialization
Java (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language) "Java does not have uninitialized variables. Fields of classes and objects that do not have an explicit initializer and elements of arrays are automatically initialized with the default value for their type.
Local variables in Java must be definitely assigned to before they are accessed, or it is a compile error.
3. data type
Primitive Data Types (Java)
Cours java : Types de donnée primitifs
整數(shù)類型：
byte:8 bite(-128~127)
short :2 byte = 16 bite
int:4 byte = 32 bite
long:8 byte = 64 bite
浮點型：
float：單精度，32 bite
double: 雙精度；64 bite
float is represented in 32 bits, with 1 sign bit, 8 bits of exponent, and 23 bits of the significand.
double is represented in 64 bits, with 1 sign bit, 11 bits of exponent, and 52 bits of significand.
scientific-notation number: 2.33728*1012; 33728 is the significand).
字符型：
char ：2 byte = 16 bite
使用：
byte,short 直接使用
long:long l = 2[L/l];
float:float f = 2.3f or 2.3F;
double:double d = 2.383747[D/d/];
因為long和double在整型和浮點型中范圍最大，因此不用刻意指出類型，不會失去精度。
而float如果不指出，possible lossy conversion from double to float
20190115
4 abstract class
abstract class may contain abstract method or not, it can't be instantiated like interface, but it can be extended.
20190130
test4
5 bit operations
source:Opérateurs bit à bit
The Java equivalent of 'unsigned'
Signed vs unsigned(有符號和無符號）
In C:
When an integer is signed, one of its bits becomes the sign bit, meaning that the maximum magnitude of the number is halved. (So an unsigned 32-bit int can store up to 232-1, whereas its signed counterpart has a maximum positive value of 231-1.)
In java:
In Java, all integer types are signed (except char).
Signed vs unsigned shifts
this operator performs sign extension: that is, as well as shifting the bits of the number one place to the right, it preserves the sign. Specifically, after performing the shift, it copies the sign bit (the leftmost bit) into the leftmost position.
Now, if we're treating an integer as unsigned, then we don't want to copy the sign bit, because it doesn't actually represent the sign! Instead, we want to leave it as zero. To achieve this, in Java, instead of writing >>, we write >>>.
6.Data range
byte: 8-bit signed,( -128 , 127).
Short: 16-bit signed,( -32,768 , 32,767).
Int: 32-bit signed,(,-231,231-1)
7 Map vs collection
Collections Framework Overview
The collection interfaces are divided into two groups.
The most basic interface, java.util.Collection,
The other collection interfaces are based on java.util.Map.
8 overloading
Defining Methods (The Java Tutorials)
The Java programming language supports overloading methods, and Java can distinguish between methods with different method signatures. This means that methods within a class can have the same name if they have different parameter lists (there are some qualifications to this that will be discussed in the lesson titled "Interfaces and Inheritance").
Attention:parameter lists, not including return type.
9 access level
Controlling Access to Members of a Class (The Java Tutorials)
default vs protected
default = no modifier
10 Initial Values of Variables
Chapter 4. Types, Values, and Variables
- Each class variable, instance variable, or array component is initialized with a default value when it is created
- A local variable must be explicitly given a value before it is used, by either initialization or assignment.
11 equals() vs ==
equals() compare content
== compare memory address
test7
12 if(condition)
condition must be true or false
int a = 1;
if(a) will lead a compile error.
test10
