a. 名詞從句的簡化
i. That 引導(dǎo)的主句從句與動名詞
- That he lost the game came as a surprise to everybody
- His losing the game came as a surprise to everybody
ii. That 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與動名詞
- There was no chance that Davy would come from the battle alive.
- There was no chance of Davy coming from the battle alive
iii. That 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句與動名詞
- I consider that I will emigrate to America in the future.
- I consider emigrating to America in the future.
iv. 名詞從句與不定式
- She can’t decide whether she should go with him or stay home.
- She can’t decide whether to go with him or (to) stay home.
b. 定語從句的簡化
i. 關(guān)系詞在定于從句中充當(dāng)賓語，不能簡化
ii. 定語從句短語
- The girl who was standing in the corner
- The girl in the corner
iii. 定語從句與分詞
1. 分詞的動作與句子謂語的動作之間的時間關(guān)系
a. The men working on the site were/are in some danger= The men who were/are on the site were/are In some danger
b. Do you know the boy who broke the window? 不能簡化 為Do you know the boy breaking the window
2. 可以簡化成分詞短語的定語從句
a. 主從句的謂語同為現(xiàn)在時間
i. 主從句的謂語動詞的動作都是現(xiàn)在的一般的的動作，即為一般時態(tài)
- China is a developing country belonging to the third world.
ii. 主從句的時間都表示現(xiàn)在，但主句的謂語表示一般狀態(tài)，從句謂語表示進(jìn)行的動作 - Do you know the boy playing the violin?
b. 主從句的謂語同為過去時間
i. He used to live in the house facing south.
c. 主從句的謂語時間不一致的問題
i. 不改變句子意思才能省略
1. The girl playing basketball used to be very weak.
2. 無法簡化成分詞短語的定語從句
a. 因時態(tài)限制不能轉(zhuǎn)換
i. The girl who stood the gate yesterday is my sister
ii. Those who have finished their exercises may go now(不能用having finished 來做名詞的定語)
b. 定語從句含有情態(tài)動詞
i. Is there anyone who can answer the question?
c. 定語從句由be動詞作謂語時
i. Those who are busy don’t have to go
d. 在一些特殊的句子里，有時由于語義上的原因，不能轉(zhuǎn)換
i. The man who cooked for the students has died.
iv. 定語從句與不定式
- 與the only, the last, the next 序數(shù)詞和最高級形容詞修飾的名詞，后接的定語從句往往用不定式來替換
a. You are the only one to understand me
b. The next train to arrive is from New York.
c. Clint was the second person to fall into this trap.
c. 狀語從句的簡化
i. 見第三章 省去it is，或者主謂一致時省去從句主語
ii. 狀語從句與不定式
- 目的狀語從句中
