參考:
1.appium
2.appium_lib
3.appium-xcuitest-driver
4.真機(jī)使用appium參考鏈接
5.WebDriverAgent
框架結(jié)構(gòu)
1.初始化環(huán)境
在目錄中添加init.sh(建議根據(jù)本身機(jī)器權(quán)限調(diào)整其中命令是否使用sudo執(zhí)行)和Gemfile。
init.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
pwd
/bin/bash --login << EOF
rvm install ruby-2.4.0
rvm use 2.4.0
brew install node # get node.js
brew install carthage
brew install libimobiledevice --HEAD # install from HEAD to get important updates
brew install ideviceinstaller # only works for ios 9. for ios 10, see below
sudo npm install -g appium # get appium
sudo npm install -g ios-deploy --allow-root --unsafe-perm=true #ideviceinstaller doesn't work with iOS 10 yet. So we need to install ios-deploy
bundle install
mkdir screenshot
EOF
Gemfile
source 'https://gems.ruby-china.org/'
gem 'cucumber'
gem 'appium_lib'
gem 'test-unit'
執(zhí)行安裝環(huán)境腳本
bash init.sh
依賴的常用基礎(chǔ)軟件請自行搜索安裝方法，如Homebrew、Ruby、Bundler等。
2.初始化Cucumber
| cucumber | 傳統(tǒng)(E) | 傳統(tǒng)(C) |
|---|---|---|
| Feature（功能） | test suite | 測試用例集 |
| Scenario（情景） | test case | 測試用例 |
| Given（給定） | setup | 創(chuàng)建測試所需環(huán)境 |
| When(當(dāng)) | test | 觸發(fā)被測事件 |
| Then（則） | assert | 斷言，驗(yàn)證結(jié)果 |
在工作空間中使用Cucumber初始化命令初始化
cucumber --init
在env.rb中配置Cucumber將使用到的庫
require 'appium_lib'
require 'cucumber/ast'
require 'test/unit'
創(chuàng)建hook.rb文件和capabilities.yml文件
hook.rb會自動被Appium_lib調(diào)用，無需額外配置。hook.rb作用是使用Appium執(zhí)行模擬器配置及啟動，hook.rb從capabilities.yml文件中讀取模擬器配置和需要測試的App的路徑。（注意App路徑和capabilities.yml中路徑一致）
appium統(tǒng)一配置參數(shù)表 xcuitest框架特殊參數(shù)表
hook.rb
Before do
initialise_appium
end
def load_config
capabilities_file_path=File.dirname(__FILE__)+"/capabilities.yml"
$APP_PATH=YAML.load_file(capabilities_file_path)[:app_path]
$PLATFORMVERSION=YAML.load_file(capabilities_file_path)[:platform_version]
$DEVICENAME=YAML.load_file(capabilities_file_path)[:device_name]
$IMPLICITWAITTIME=YAML.load_file(capabilities_file_path)[:implicit_wait_time]
$FULLRESET=YAML.load_file(capabilities_file_path)[:full_reset]
$NORESET=YAML.load_file(capabilities_file_path)[:no_reset]
end
def load_caps
$DESIRED_CAPS = {
caps: {
platformName: 'iOS',
deviceName: $DEVICENAME,
language: $LANGUAGE,
locale: $LOCALE,
app: $APP_PATH,
platformVersion: $PLATFORMVERSION,
fullReset: $FULLRESET,
noReset: $NORESET
},
appium_lib: {
sauce_username: nil,
sauce_access_key: nil
}
}
end
def initialise_appium
load_config
load_caps
@driver=Appium::Driver.new($DESIRED_CAPS)
Appium.promote_appium_methods self.class
@driver.start_driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = $IMPLICITWAITTIME
end
def take_screenshot scenario
screenshot_path = "./screenshot/#{scenario}.png"
screenshot screenshot_path
end
After do |scenario|
if scenario.failed?
take_screenshot scenario.name
end
@driver.driver_quit
end
capabilities.yml
:app_path: './GossipGeek.app'
:platform_version: "10.3"
:device_name: 'iPhone 6'
:implicit_wait_time: 3 # seconds
:full_reset: false
#CI agent不能重置模擬器，所以會造成數(shù)據(jù)依賴
:no_reset: false
3.添加App并編寫用例
在features文件夾中新建account.feature，使用Cucumber語言去實(shí)現(xiàn)Case
# language: zh-CN
功能: 我在登錄頁面"登錄"進(jìn)行登錄操作
@e2e
場景: 登錄
假如 我進(jìn)入"登錄"頁面
當(dāng) 我輸入郵箱"790032475@qq.com"和密碼"Aa1Aa11"
并且 我點(diǎn)擊"登錄"
并且 等待"2"秒
那么 我應(yīng)該看到"歡迎回來"
在step_definitions文件夾中新建account.rb并實(shí)現(xiàn)對feature文件中的cucumber語句解析
當(dāng)(/^我進(jìn)入"([^"]*)"頁面$/) do |text|
end
當(dāng)(/^我輸入郵箱"([^"]*)"和密碼"([^"]*)"$/) do |email , password|
end
當(dāng)(/^我點(diǎn)擊"([^"]*)"$/) do |element_id|
end
當(dāng)(/^等待"([^"]*)"秒$/) do |text|
end
當(dāng)(/^我應(yīng)該看到"([^"]*)"$/) do |text|
end
在解析后的方法中，使用appium_lib和test/unit中的方法獲取元素，操作元素，并對結(jié)果進(jìn)行斷言（appium_lib的使用方式和語句參考appium_lib_ios_docs）
參考附錄，如何使用WebDriverAgent查看accessibility_id從而定位元素
當(dāng)(/^我進(jìn)入"([^"]*)"頁面$/) do |text|
assert(driver.get_source.include?(text))
end
當(dāng)(/^我輸入郵箱"([^"]*)"和密碼"([^"]*)"$/) do |email , password|
element = find_element accessibility_id: "emailTextFiled"
element.clear
element.send_keys email
element = find_element accessibility_id: "passwordTextfield"
element.clear
element.send_keys password
end
當(dāng)(/^我點(diǎn)擊"([^"]*)"$/) do |element_id|
if element_id == "登錄"
element_id = "loginbutton"
end
element = find_element accessibility_id: element_id
element.click
end
當(dāng)(/^等待"([^"]*)"秒$/) do |text|
sleep text.to_i
end
當(dāng)(/^我應(yīng)該看到"([^"]*)"$/) do |text|
assert(driver.get_source.include?(text))
end
上邊的實(shí)現(xiàn)重復(fù)并且可復(fù)用性很小，需要重構(gòu)。我們新建pages文件夾，并在其中新建general_page.rb和constants.rb文件，general_page.rb是對我們實(shí)現(xiàn)邏輯的重構(gòu)，constants.rb文件是對cucumber中的引號中的元素描述和 accessibility id進(jìn)行對應(yīng)的map。
general_page.rb
module GeneralPage
include Test::Unit::Assertions
def should_see text
assert(driver.get_source.include?(text))
end
def load_element element_id
Constants::ELEMENTS.include?(element_id) ? @element_id=Constants::ELEMENTS.fetch(element_id) : @element_id=element
@element = find_element accessibility_id: @element_id
end
def fill_element element_id, text
load_element element_id
@element.clear
@element.send_keys text
end
def click_element element_id
load_element element_id
@element.click
end
def wait_second text
sleep text.to_i
end
end
constants.rb
module Constants
ELEMENTS={
"注冊" => "registerButton",
"郵箱" => "emailTextFiled",
"密碼" => "passwordTextfield",
"登錄" => "loginbutton",
"顯示密碼" => "passwordSwitch",
}
end
由于我們新建的pages并不在cucumber的管理下，我們需要在evn.rb手動引用general_page.rb文件
require 'appium_lib'
require 'cucumber/ast'
require 'test/unit'
#require rb files
require File.dirname(__FILE__)+'/../pages/general_page.rb'
#include
include GeneralPage
更改account.rb中的實(shí)現(xiàn)，使其調(diào)用general_page.rb中重構(gòu)后的方法
當(dāng)(/^我進(jìn)入"([^"]*)"頁面$/) do |text|
GeneralPage.should_see text
end
當(dāng)(/^我輸入郵箱"([^"]*)"和密碼"([^"]*)"$/) do |email , password|
GeneralPage.fill_element("郵箱",email)
GeneralPage.fill_element("密碼",password)
end
當(dāng)(/^我點(diǎn)擊"([^"]*)"$/) do |element_id|
GeneralPage.click_element element_id
end
當(dāng)(/^等待"([^"]*)"秒$/) do |text|
GeneralPage.wait_second text
end
當(dāng)(/^我應(yīng)該看到"([^"]*)"$/) do |text|
GeneralPage.should_see text
end
4.添加Appium啟動和Case運(yùn)行腳本
start_server.sh
appium & # start appium
run_test.sh
cucumber --tags=@e2e -f html -o report.html
5.執(zhí)行Case，輸出Report
先使用腳本運(yùn)行Appium
bash start_server.sh
另起終端運(yùn)行腳本，執(zhí)行Case，并輸出Report
bash run_test.sh
附：如何使用WebDriverAgent查看現(xiàn)有app的accessibility id
clone WebDriverAgent到本地
進(jìn)入WebDriverAgent的目錄后，運(yùn)行編譯構(gòu)建WebDriverAgent
./Scripts/bootstrap.sh
使用xcodebuild運(yùn)行WebDriverAgent(注意修改命令中WebDriverAgent的路徑和模擬器的id)
xcodebuild build-for-testing test-without-building -project ~/Documents/Github_Projects/WebDriverAgent/WebDriverAgent.xcodeproj -scheme WebDriverAgentRunner -destination id=50CF4B72-EEA5-40F2-8693-168A1C481E25 -configuration Debug IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.3
打開網(wǎng)頁http://localhost:8100/inspector
