摘要

本文講解12306網(wǎng)站接口查詢火車時(shí)刻表信息
接口中用到的方法在文章最后

一、 根據(jù)車次查詢內(nèi)部火車編號(hào)

接口：https://search.12306.cn/search/v1/train/search
參數(shù)： keyword， date
請(qǐng)求類型： GET

/**
 * 根據(jù)車次名稱查詢列車編號(hào)
 * @param keyword 車次名
 * @param date 發(fā)車日期 (格式: yyyyMMdd)
 */
private List<TrainInfo> searchTrainInfos(String keyword, String date) {
    date = checkTrainSearchDate(date, "yyyyMMdd")
    String response = HttpUtils.sendGet("https://search.12306.cn/search/v1/train/search",
            "keyword=" + keyword.trim() + "&date=" + date);
    JSONObject object = new JSONObject(response);
    if (object.optBoolean("status")) {
        JSONArray data = object.optJSONArray("data");
        if (data != null) {
            return JSON.parseArray(data.toString(), TrainInfo.class);
        }
    }
    throw new RuntimeException("未查詢到車次信息. " + object.optString("errorMsg"));
}

列車信息實(shí)體類 TrainInfo

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import lombok.Data;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * 車次信息
 */
@Data
public class TrainInfo implements Serializable {
    private String date ;

    @JsonProperty(value = "from_station")
    private String fromStation ;

    @JsonProperty(value = "station_train_code")
    private String stationTrainCode ;

    @JsonProperty(value = "to_station")
    private String toStation ;

    @JsonProperty(value = "total_num")
    private String totalNum ;

    @JsonProperty(value = "train_no")
    private String trainNo ;
}

二、 根據(jù)列車編號(hào)查詢時(shí)刻表信息

接口：https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/queryTrainInfo/query
參數(shù)： trainNo， date
請(qǐng)求類型： GET

/**
 * 根據(jù)列車編號(hào)查詢時(shí)刻表信息
 * @param trainNo 列車編號(hào), 是上面接口返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)中心的train_no
 * @param date 查詢?nèi)掌?(格式: yyyy-MM-dd)
 */
private List<TrainStation> searchTrainStations(String trainNo, String date) {
    if (StringUtils.isBlank(trainNo)) {
        throw new RuntimeException("未查詢到相關(guān)列車信息");
    }
    date = checkTrainSearchDate(date, "yyyy-MM-dd");
    String response = HttpUtils.sendGet("https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/queryTrainInfo/query",
            "leftTicketDTO.train_no="+ trainNo +"&leftTicketDTO.train_date="+date +"&rand_code=");
    JSONObject object = new JSONObject(response);
    if (object.optBoolean("status")) {
        JSONObject jsonObject = object.optJSONObject("data");
        if (jsonObject != null) {
            JSONArray array = jsonObject.optJSONArray("data");
            if (array != null) {
                List<TrainStation> list = JSON.parseArray(array.toString(), TrainStation.class);
                TrainStation station = list.get(0);
                list.forEach(i -> {
                    i.setStartStationName(station.getStartStationName());
                    i.setEndStationName(station.getEndStationName());
                    i.setTrainClassName(station.getTrainClassName());
                });
                return list;
            }
        }
    }
    throw new RuntimeException("未查詢到相關(guān)列車信息. " + JSON.toJSONString(object.opt("messages")));
}

列車到站時(shí)刻詳情

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import lombok.Data;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 列車到站時(shí)刻詳情
 * @author xyang
 * @date 2021-08-02 9:15
 */
@Data
public class TrainStation implements Serializable {
    /** 車站名稱 */
    @JsonProperty(value = "station_name")
    private String stationName;

    /** 列車類型 */
    @JsonProperty(value = "train_class_name")
    private String trainClassName;

    /** 是否起始站 (y/n)*/
    @JsonProperty(value = "is_start")
    private String isStart;

    @JsonProperty(value = "service_type")
    private String serviceType;

    /** 起始站點(diǎn)名稱 */
    @JsonProperty(value = "start_station_name")
    private String startStationName;

    /** 終點(diǎn)站名稱 */
    @JsonProperty(value = "end_station_name")
    private String endStationName;

    /** 發(fā)車時(shí)間 */
    @JsonProperty(value = "start_time")
    private String startTime;

    /** 到站時(shí)間 */
    @JsonProperty(value = "arrive_time")
    private String arriveTime;

    /** 車次編號(hào) */
    @JsonProperty(value = "station_train_code")
    private String stationTrainCode;

    /** 到站順序 */
    @JsonProperty(value = "station_no")
    private String stationNo;

    @JsonProperty(value = "wz_num")
    private String wzNum;

    /** 到站歷時(shí)天數(shù) (0:當(dāng)天, 1:次日, 2:第三日, ....) */
    @JsonProperty(value = "arrive_day_diff")
    private Integer arriveDayDiff;

    /** 歷時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng) */
    @JsonProperty(value = "running_time")
    private String runningTime;

    /** 歷時(shí) (當(dāng)日到達(dá), 次日到達(dá)...)*/
    @JsonProperty(value = "arrive_day_str")
    private String arriveDayStr;

    @JsonProperty(value = "OT")
    private List<Object> ot;
}

其他

時(shí)間校驗(yàn) checkTrainSearchDate

/**
 * 校驗(yàn)時(shí)間格式是否正確, 并將字符串轉(zhuǎn)為日期(防止日期格式未按要求)
 * @param date 日期字符串
 * @param format 描述日期和時(shí)間格式的模式
 */
private String checkTrainSearchDate(String date, String format) {
    if(StringUtils.isBlank(date)) {
        throw new RuntimeException("查詢?nèi)掌诓荒転榭?");
    }
    if(StringUtils.isBlank(format)) {
        throw new RuntimeException("日期格式化參數(shù)錯(cuò)誤!");
    }
    Date parseDate = DateUtils.parseDate(date);
    if (parseDate == null) {
        throw new RuntimeException("查詢?nèi)掌诟袷叫ｒ?yàn)錯(cuò)誤!");
    }

    if (DateUtils.truncatedCompareTo(parseDate, new Date(), Calendar.DATE) < 0) {
        throw new RuntimeException("查詢?nèi)掌诓荒茉缬诋?dāng)前日期");
    }
    return DateUtils.dateFormat(parseDate, format);
}

時(shí)間工具類 DateUtils

// 時(shí)間工具類
public class DateUtils extends org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DateUtils {
    public static String YYYY = "yyyy";
    public static String YYYY_MM = "yyyy-MM";
    public static String YYYY_MM_DD = "yyyy-MM-dd";
    public static String YYYYMMDDHHMMSS = "yyyyMMddHHmmss";
    public static String YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";

    private static String[] parsePatterns = {
            "yyyy-MM-dd", "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm", "yyyy-MM",
            "yyyy/MM/dd", "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss", "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm", "yyyy/MM",
            "yyyy.MM.dd", "yyyy.MM.dd HH:mm:ss", "yyyy.MM.dd HH:mm", "yyyy.MM"};

    /**
     * 格式化日期
     */
    public static String dateFormat(Date date,String format) {
        try {
            SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(format);
            if(ObjectUtils.isEmpty(date)){
                date = new Date();
            }
            return simpleDateFormat.format(date);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException("日期格式化失敗");
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 日期型字符串轉(zhuǎn)化為日期 格式
     */
    public static Date parseDate(Object str) {
        if (str == null) {
            return null;
        }
        try{
            return parseDate(str.toString(), parsePatterns);
        }
        catch (ParseException e){
            return null;
        }
    }
}

**通用http發(fā)送方法 HttpUtils **

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

/**
 * 通用http發(fā)送方法
 *
 * @author ruoyi
 */
public class HttpUtils {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpUtils.class);

    /**
     * 向指定 URL 發(fā)送GET方法的請(qǐng)求
     *
     * @param url   發(fā)送請(qǐng)求的 URL
     * @param param 請(qǐng)求參數(shù)，請(qǐng)求參數(shù)應(yīng)該是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return 所代表遠(yuǎn)程資源的響應(yīng)結(jié)果
     */
    public static String sendGet(String url, String param) {
        return sendGet(url, param, "UTF-8");
    }

    /**
     * 向指定 URL 發(fā)送GET方法的請(qǐng)求
     *
     * @param url         發(fā)送請(qǐng)求的 URL
     * @param param       請(qǐng)求參數(shù)，請(qǐng)求參數(shù)應(yīng)該是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @param contentType 編碼類型
     * @return 所代表遠(yuǎn)程資源的響應(yīng)結(jié)果
     */
    public static String sendGet(String url, String param, String contentType) {
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
        BufferedReader in = null;
        try {
            String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
            log.info("sendGet - {}", urlNameString);
            URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
            URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
            connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            connection.connect();
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), contentType));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result.append(line);
            }
            log.info("recv - {}", result);
        } catch (ConnectException e) {
            log.error("調(diào)用HttpUtils.sendGet ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
            log.error("調(diào)用HttpUtils.sendGet SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("調(diào)用HttpUtils.sendGet IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("調(diào)用HttpsUtil.sendGet Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                log.error("調(diào)用in.close Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, ex);
            }
        }
        return result.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 向指定 URL 發(fā)送POST方法的請(qǐng)求
     *
     * @param url   發(fā)送請(qǐng)求的 URL
     * @param param 請(qǐng)求參數(shù)，請(qǐng)求參數(shù)應(yīng)該是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return 所代表遠(yuǎn)程資源的響應(yīng)結(jié)果
     */
    public static String sendPost(String url, String param) {
        PrintWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
        try {
            log.info("sendPost - {}", url);
            URL realUrl = new URL(url);
            URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
            conn.setRequestProperty("contentType", "utf-8");
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
            out.print(param);
            out.flush();
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result.append(line);
            }
            log.info("recv - {}", result);
        } catch (ConnectException e) {
            log.error("調(diào)用HttpUtils.sendPost ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
            log.error("調(diào)用HttpUtils.sendPost SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("調(diào)用HttpUtils.sendPost IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("調(diào)用HttpsUtil.sendPost Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (out != null) {
                    out.close();
                }
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                log.error("調(diào)用in.close Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, ex);
            }
        }
        return result.toString();
    }

}