【Ansible】ansible循環(huán)

Ansible 循環(huán)

一、簡(jiǎn)單介紹

在ansible2.5之前，大多數(shù)人使”with_XXX”類型的關(guān)鍵字來操作循環(huán)，但是從2.6版本開始，官方推薦是”loop”關(guān)鍵字代替” with_XXX”。

1.我們先看下一個(gè)小例子，使用loop關(guān)鍵字進(jìn)行最簡(jiǎn)單的循環(huán)：

[root@localhost cycle]# cat cycle.1.yml

---

? -name: cycletest

???hosts: test

???gather_facts: no

???tasks:

??? -name: debug cycle

?????debug:

???????msg: "{{ item }}"

?????loop:

???????- test1

???????- test2


結(jié)果：

[root@localhost cycle]# ansible-playbookcycle.1.yml


PLAY [cycle test]***************************************************************************************


TASK [debug cycle]**************************************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=test1)=> {

???"msg": "test1"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=test2)=> {

???"msg": "test2"

}


PLAY RECAP**********************************************************************************************

192.168.15.10????????????? : ok=1??? changed=0???unreachable=0??? failed=0??? skipped=0??


debug cycle------------------------------------------------------------- 0.17s

Playbook finished: Mon Dec 24 17:57:252018, 1 total tasks.? 0:00:00 elapsed.

實(shí)例中所以loop關(guān)鍵字，替換之前的with_XXX關(guān)鍵字，它們的效果是完全相同的。

2.我們可以使用loop關(guān)鍵字和dict插件代替”with_dict”關(guān)鍵字，示例如下：

[root@localhost cycle]# cat cycle.2.yml

---

? -name: cycle test2

???hosts: test

???gather_facts: no

???vars:

?????dicts:

???????China: 1

???????America: 2

???tasks:

??? -name: debug cycle

?????debug:

???????msg: "{{ item.key }} is no.{{ item.value }}"

?????loop: "{{ lookup('dict',dicts) }}"

結(jié)果：

[root@localhost cycle]# ansible-playbookcycle.2.yml


PLAY [cycle test2]**************************************************************************************


TASK [debug cycle] **************************************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item={'key':u'America', 'value': 2}) => {

???"msg": "America is no.2"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item={'key':u'China', 'value': 1}) => {

???"msg": "China is no.1"

}


PLAY RECAP**********************************************************************************************

192.168.15.10????????????? : ok=1??? changed=0???unreachable=0??? failed=0??? skipped=0??


debug cycle -------------------------------------------------------------0.18s


Playbook finished: Mon Dec 24 17:59:582018, 1 total tasks.? 0:00:00 elapsed

示例已經(jīng)在上一個(gè)例子中講述，再次不在講述

3.上個(gè)例子中使用”loop+lookup”的方式完成循環(huán)，而在2.6版本的官網(wǎng)中推薦使用”loop+filter”方式老代替”loop+loopup”的方式，什么意思呢? 我們來看個(gè)小例子，如下:

---

? -name: cycle test3

???hosts: test

???gather_facts: no

???vars:

?????dicts:

???????China: 1

???????America: 2

???tasks:

??? -name: debug cycle

?????debug:

???????msg: "{{ item.key }} is no.{{ item.value }}"

?????loop: "{{ dicts | dict2items }}"

結(jié)果：

[root@localhost cycle]# ansible-playbookcycle.3.yml


PLAY [cycle test3]**************************************************************************************


TASK [debug cycle]**************************************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item={'key':u'America', 'value': 2}) => {

???"msg": "America is no.2"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item={'key':u'China', 'value': 1}) => {

???"msg": "China is no.1"

}


PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************

192.168.15.10????????????? : ok=1??? changed=0???unreachable=0??? failed=0??? skipped=0??


debug cycle------------------------------------------------------------- 0.18s


Playbook finished: Mon Dec 24 18:05:212018, 1 total tasks.? 0:00:00 elapsed.

如上例所示，在使用loop關(guān)鍵字操作對(duì)于的字典變量users時(shí)，并沒有借助dict插件，而是使用dict2items的過濾器。


二、具體示例

1.With_list

#loop可以替代with_list，當(dāng)處理嵌套的列表時(shí)，列表不會(huì)被拉平

[root@localhost cycle]# cat cycle.4.yml

---

? -name: cycle test4

???hosts: test

???gather_facts: no

???vars:

?????dicts:

???????- A

???????- B

???????- [c,D]

???tasks:

??? -name: debug cycle

?????debug:

???????msg: "{{ item }}"

?????loop: "{{ dicts }}"


結(jié)果：

[root@localhost cycle]# ansible-playbookcycle.4.yml


PLAY [cycle test4]**************************************************************************************


TASK [debug cycle]**************************************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=A) => {

???"msg": "A"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=B) => {

???"msg": "B"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[u'c',u'D']) => {

???"msg": [

???????"c",

???????"D"

??? ]

}


PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************

192.168.15.10????????????? : ok=1??? changed=0???unreachable=0??? failed=0??? skipped=0??


debug cycle------------------------------------------------------------- 0.19s


Playbook finished: Mon Dec 24 18:25:412018, 1 total tasks.? 0:00:00 elapsed.

2.With_flattened

#flatten過濾器可以替代with_flattened，當(dāng)處理多層嵌套的列表時(shí)，列表中所有的嵌套層級(jí)都會(huì)被拉平

[root@localhost cycle]# cat cycle.5.yml

---

? -name: cycle test5

???hosts: test

???gather_facts: no

???vars:

?????dicts:

???????- A

???????- B

???????- [c,D]

???tasks:

??? -name: debug cycle

?????debug:

???????msg: "{{ item }}"

?????loop: "{{ dicts | flatten }}"


結(jié)果：

[root@localhost cycle]# ansible-playbookcycle.5.yml


PLAY [cycle test5]**************************************************************************************


TASK [debug cycle]**************************************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=A) => {

???"msg": "A"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=B) => {

???"msg": "B"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=c) => {

???"msg": "c"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=D) => {

???"msg": "D"

}


PLAY RECAP**********************************************************************************************

192.168.15.10????????????? : ok=1??? changed=0???unreachable=0??? failed=0??? skipped=0??


debug cycle------------------------------------------------------------- 0.19s


Playbook finished: Mon Dec 24 18:31:472018, 1 total tasks.? 0:00:00 elapsed.

3.With_items

#flatten過濾器（加參數(shù)）可以替代with_items，當(dāng)處理多層嵌套的列表時(shí)，只有列表中的第一層會(huì)被拉平

[root@localhost cycle]# cat cycle.6.yml

---

? -name: cycle test6

???hosts: test

???gather_facts: no

???vars:

?????dicts:

???????- A

???????- B

???????- [c,D]

???tasks:

??? -name: debug cycle

?????debug:

???????msg: "{{ item }}"

?????loop: "{{ dicts | flatten(levels=1) }}"

結(jié)果：

[root@localhost cycle]# ansible-playbookcycle.6.yml


PLAY [cycle test6] **************************************************************************************


TASK [debug cycle]**************************************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=A) => {

???"msg": "A"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=B) => {

???"msg": "B"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=c) => {

???"msg": "c"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=D) => {

???"msg": "D"

}


PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************

192.168.15.10????????????? : ok=1??? changed=0???unreachable=0??? failed=0??? skipped=0??


debug cycle------------------------------------------------------------- 0.29s


Playbook finished: Mon Dec 24 18:34:312018, 1 total tasks.? 0:00:00 elapsed.

#PS 嗯 處理下客戶問題先。Weblogic真毒~

4.With_indexed_items

#flatten過濾器（加參數(shù)），再配合loop_control關(guān)鍵字，可以替代with_indexed_items

#當(dāng)處理多層嵌套的列表時(shí)，只有列表中的第一層會(huì)被拉平，flatten過濾器的bug暫且忽略

[root@localhost cycle]# cat cycle.7.yml

---

? -name: cycle test7

???hosts: test

???gather_facts: no

???vars:

?????dicts:

???????- A

???????- B

???????- [c,D]

???tasks:

??? -name: debug cycle

?????debug:

???????msg: " {{ index}}--{{ item }}"

?????loop: "{{ dicts | flatten(levels=1) }}"

?????loop_control:

???????index_var: index

結(jié)果：

[root@localhost cycle]# ansible-playbookcycle.7.yml


PLAY [cycle test7]**************************************************************************************


TASK [debug cycle]**************************************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=A) => {

???"msg": " 0--A"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=B) => {

???"msg": " 1--B"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=c) => {

???"msg": " 2--c"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=D) => {

???"msg": " 3--D"

}


PLAY RECAP**********************************************************************************************

192.168.15.10????????????? : ok=1??? changed=0???unreachable=0? ??failed=0???skipped=0??


debug cycle------------------------------------------------------------- 0.21s


Playbook finished: Mon Dec 24 20:29:572018, 1 total tasks.? 0:00:00 elapsed.

“l(fā)oop_control”關(guān)鍵字可以用于控制循環(huán)的行為，比如在循環(huán)是獲取元素的索引。

“index_var “是”loop_control”的一個(gè)設(shè)置選項(xiàng)，”index_var”可以讓我們指定變量,”loop_control”會(huì)將元素索引值存放在指定變量中

5.With_togeher

[root@localhost cycle]# cat cycle.8.yml

---

? -name: cycle test8

???hosts: test

???gather_facts: no

???vars:

?????testlist1: [ A,B,C,D ]

?????testlist2: [ 110,120,911 ]

?????testlist3: [ x,y ]

???tasks:

??? -name: debug cycle with_together

?????debug:

???????msg: " {{ item.0 }} - {{ item.1 }} - {{ item.2 }}"

?????with_together:

???????- "{{ testlist1 }}"

???????- "{{ testlist2 }}"

???????- "{{ testlist3 }}"

??? -name: debug cycle loop+zip_logest

?????debug:

???????msg: " {{ item.0 }} - {{ item.1 }} - {{ item.2 }}"

?????loop: "{{ testlist1 | zip_longest(testlist2,testlist3) | list }}

結(jié)果：

[root@localhost cycle]# ansible-playbookcycle.8.yml


PLAY [cycle test8]**************************************************************************************


TASK [debug cycle with_together]************************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[u'A', 110,u'x']) => {

???"msg": " A - 110 - x"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[u'B', 120,u'y']) => {

???"msg": " B - 120 - y"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[u'C', 911,None]) => {

???"msg": " C - 911 - "

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[u'D',None, None]) => {

???"msg": " D -? -"

}


TASK [debug cycle loop+zip_logest]**********************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[u'A', 110,u'x']) => {

???"msg": " A - 110 - x"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[u'B', 120,u'y']) => {

???"msg": " B - 120 - y"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[u'C', 911,None]) => {

???"msg": " C - 911 - "

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[u'D',None, None]) => {

???"msg": " D -? -"

}


PLAY RECAP**********************************************************************************************

192.168.15.10????????????? : ok=2??? changed=0???unreachable=0??? failed=0??? skipped=0??


debug cycle with_together----------------------------------------------- 0.25s

debug cycle loop+zip_logest--------------------------------------------- 0.21s


Playbook finished: Mon Dec 24 20:44:422018, 2 total tasks.? 0:00:00 elapsed.

示例中同時(shí)寫出2中方法方便進(jìn)行比較。

當(dāng)多個(gè)列表使用”with_together”進(jìn)行對(duì)比合并時(shí)，如果列表長(zhǎng)度不同，這使用最長(zhǎng)的列表長(zhǎng)度進(jìn)行對(duì)其，由于短列表中元素不足，所以使用空值與長(zhǎng)列表中元素進(jìn)行對(duì)齊，zip_longest過濾器也和”with_together”一樣，對(duì)列表進(jìn)行組合，但是還需要借助list過濾器，將組合的數(shù)據(jù)列表化。

可以指定字符代替空值

-?debug:

msg:?"{{?item.0?}}?-?{{?item.1?}}?-?{{item.2}}"

loop:?"{{?testlist1?|?zip_longest(testlist2,testlist3,fillvalue='None')?|?list?}}"

和最短的列表進(jìn)行對(duì)齊

-?debug:

msg:?"{{?item.0?}}?-?{{?item.1?}}?-?{{item.2}}"

loop:?"{{?testlist1?|?zip(testlist2,testlist3)?|?list?}}"


6.With_nested/With_cartesian

#product過濾器配合list過濾器，可以替代with_nested和with_cartesian

[root@localhost cycle]# cat cycle.9.yml

---

? -name: cycle test4

???hosts: test

???gather_facts: no

???vars:

?????list1: [ 1,2,3 ]

?????list2: [ a,b,c,d ]

???tasks:

??? -name: debug cycle

?????debug:

???????msg: "{{ item.0 }} ----? {{item.1 }}"

?????loop: "{{ list1 | product(list2) | list }}"

結(jié)果：

[root@localhost cycle]# ansible-playbookcycle.9.yml


PLAY [cycle test4]**************************************************************************************


TASK [debug cycle]**************************************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[1, u'a'])=> {

???"msg": "1 ----?a"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[1, u'b'])=> {

???"msg": "1 ----?b"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[1, u'c'])=> {

???"msg": "1 ----?c"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[1, u'd'])=> {

???"msg": "1 ----?d"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[2, u'a'])=> {

???"msg": "2 ----?a"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[2, u'b'])=> {

???"msg": "2 ----?b"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[2, u'c'])=> {

?? ?"msg": "2 ----? c"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[2, u'd'])=> {

???"msg": "2 ----?d"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[3, u'a'])=> {

???"msg": "3 ----?a"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[3, u'b'])=> {

???"msg": "3 ----?b"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[3, u'c'])=> {

???"msg": "3 ----?c"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[3, u'd'])=> {

???"msg": "3 ----?d"

}


PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************

192.168.15.10????????????? : ok=1??? changed=0???unreachable=0??? failed=0??? skipped=0??


debug cycle------------------------------------------------------------- 0.31s


Playbook finished: Mon Dec 24 20:55:192018, 1 total tasks.? 0:00:00 elapsed.

7.With_random_choice

#使用random函數(shù)可以替代with_random_choice，由于random函數(shù)是隨機(jī)取出列表中的一個(gè)值，并不涉及循環(huán)操作，所以并不用使用loop關(guān)鍵字。

[root@localhost cycle]# cat cycle.10.yml

---

? -name: cycle test

???hosts: test

???gather_facts: no

???vars:

?????list: [a,b,c]

???tasks:

??? -name: debug cycle

?????debug:

???????msg: "{{ list | random }}"

???-? debug:

???????msg: "{{ list | random }}"

???-? debug:

???????msg: "{{ list | random }}

結(jié)果：

[root@localhost cycle]# ansible-playbookcycle.10.yml


PLAY [cycle test]***************************************************************************************


TASK [debug cycle] **************************************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => {

???"msg": "a"

}


TASK [debug]********************************************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => {

???"msg": "a"

}


TASK [debug]********************************************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => {

???"msg": "c"

}


PLAY RECAP**********************************************************************************************

192.168.15.10????????????? : ok=3??? changed=0???unreachable=0??? failed=0??? skipped=0??


debug cycle------------------------------------------------------------- 0.18s

?------------------------------------------------------------------------0.16s


Playbook finished: Mon Dec 24 21:06:322018, 2 total tasks.? 0:00:00 elapsed.

8.with_dict

#除了上文總結(jié)的dict2items過濾器，dictsort過濾器也可以替代with_dict

[root@localhost cycle]# cat cycle.11.yml

---

? -name: cycle test2

???hosts: test

??? gather_facts:no

???vars:

?????dicts:

???????China: 1

???????America: 2

???????aaa: 3

???????bbb: 4

???????ccc: 5

???tasks:

??? -name: debug cycle dict2items

?????debug:

???????msg: "{{ item.key }} is no.{{ item.value }}"

?????loop: "{{ dicts | dict2items }}"

??? -name: debug cycle

?????debug:

???????msg: "{{ item.0 }} is no.{{ item.1 }}"

?????loop: "{{ dicts | dictsort }}"

結(jié)果：

[root@localhost cycle]# ansible-playbookcycle.11.yml


PLAY [cycle test2]**************************************************************************************


TASK [debug cycle dict2items]***************************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item={'key':u'China', 'value': 1}) => {

???"msg": "China is no.1"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item={'key':u'America', 'value': 2}) => {

???"msg": "America is no.2"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item={'key':u'aaa', 'value': 3}) => {

???"msg": "aaa is no.3"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item={'key':u'bbb', 'value': 4}) => {

???"msg": "bbb is no.4"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item={'key':u'ccc', 'value': 5}) => {

???"msg": "ccc is no.5"

}


TASK [debug cycle]**************************************************************************************

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[u'aaa', 3])=> {

???"msg": "aaa is no.3"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] =>(item=[u'America', 2]) => {

???"msg": "America is no.2"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[u'bbb',4]) => {

???"msg": "bbb is no.4"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[u'ccc',5]) => {

???"msg": "ccc is no.5"

}

ok: [192.168.15.10] => (item=[u'China',1]) => {

???"msg": "China is no.1"

}


PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************

192.168.15.10????????????? : ok=2??? changed=0???unreachable=0??? failed=0??? skipped=0??


debug cycle dict2items-------------------------------------------------- 0.26s

debug cycle------------------------------------------------------------- 0.22s


Playbook finished: Mon Dec 24 21:10:402018, 2 total tasks.? 0:00:00 elapsed.


本文《ansible循環(huán)》首發(fā)于 樂維論壇，歡迎到訪~

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