20171212 Elastic Stack

  • 搜索引擎介紹
  • Elasticsearch的使用
  • Logstash的使用
  • Filebeat的使用
  • Kibana的使用
  • Elastic Stack綜合應(yīng)用實(shí)例

一、搜索引擎介紹

(一)搜索引擎的主要組成:

  • 索引組件:獲取數(shù)據(jù)-->建立文檔-->文檔分析-->文檔索引(倒排索引)

  • 搜索組件:用戶搜索接口-->建立查詢(將用戶鍵入的信息轉(zhuǎn)換為可處理的查詢對(duì)象)-->搜索查詢-->展現(xiàn)結(jié)果

(二)搜索引擎主流開源軟件

  • 索引組件:Lucene, Solr, Elasticsearch
    Lucene:提供構(gòu)建索引功能的類庫
    Solr:在Lucene基礎(chǔ)上開發(fā)的完整索引組件
    Elasticsearch:分布式索引組件,同樣在Lucene基礎(chǔ)上開發(fā)

  • 搜索組件:Kibana

(三)Elastic Stack的組成

  • Elastic Stack包含一系列工具,目前主要使用:Elasticsearch, Logstash, Beats, Kibana

  • Elasticsearch:Elastic Stack的核心工具,索引組件

  • Logstash:數(shù)據(jù)的抽取、處理、輸出,非常占用資源,目前數(shù)據(jù)的抽取過程已經(jīng)被Beats代替

  • Beats:輕量級(jí)的數(shù)據(jù)采集平臺(tái),有諸多子工具:Filebeat, Metricbeat, Packetbeat, Winlogbeat, Heartbeat

  • Kibana:搜索組件,提供可視化的界面接收搜索命令并展示搜索結(jié)果

二、Elasticsearch的使用

(一)ES的核心組件

  • Elasticsearch集群:通過分片(Shard)機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)分布式存儲(chǔ)

  • 集群狀態(tài):
    green:主分片、副本分片都存在
    yellow:分片丟失,但每個(gè)分片至少存在一個(gè)主分片或副本分片
    red:分片丟失,主分片和副本分片都丟失

  • Lucene的核心組件:
    索引(Index):類比數(shù)據(jù)庫(database)
    類型(Type):類比表(table)
    文檔(Document):類比行(row)

  • ElasticSearch 5的程序環(huán)境:

    • 配置文件:
      /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml:配置文件
      /etc/elasticsearch/jvm.options:jvm配置文件
      /etc/elasticsearch/log4j2.properties:日志配置文件

    • Unit File:elasticsearch.service

    • 程序文件:
      /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch
      /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-keystore:
      /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-plugin:管理插件程序

    • 搜索服務(wù):9200/tcp

    • 集群服務(wù):9300/tcp

  • els集群的工作邏輯:
    多播、單播:9300/tcp
    關(guān)鍵因素:clustername
    所有節(jié)點(diǎn)選舉一個(gè)主節(jié)點(diǎn),負(fù)責(zé)管理整個(gè)集群的狀態(tài)(green/yellow/red),以及各shards的分布方式

(二)RESTful API

  • Elasticsearch提供了RESTful的API接口,可以通過http協(xié)議與其進(jìn)行交互

  • 語法:curl -X<VERB> '<PROTOCOL>://<HOST>:<PORT>/<PATH>?<QUERY_STRING>' -d '<BODY>'

    • <BODY>:json格式的請(qǐng)求主體
    • <VERB>:GET(獲?。琍OST(修改),PUT(創(chuàng)建),DELETE(刪除)
    • <PATH>:/index_name/type/Document_ID/
    • 特殊PATH:/_cat, /_search, /_cluster
    • 創(chuàng)建文檔:-XPUT -d '{"key1": "value1", "key2": value, ...}'
    • /_search:搜索所有的索引和類型;
    • /INDEX_NAME/_search:搜索指定的單個(gè)索引;
    • /INDEX1,INDEX2/_search:搜索指定的多個(gè)索引;
    • /s*/_search:搜索所有以s開頭的索引;
    • /INDEX_NAME/TYPE_NAME/_search:搜索指定的單個(gè)索引的指定類型;
  • 使用舉例:

    curl -XGET 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/_cluster/health?pretty=true'       
    curl -XGET 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/_cluster/stats?pretty=true'   
    curl -XGET 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/_cat/nodes?pretty'
    curl -XGET 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/_cat/health?pretty'
    

(三)實(shí)驗(yàn)一:配置、管理Elasticsearch Cluster

  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境:
    三臺(tái)節(jié)點(diǎn):node0.hellopeiyang.com, node1.hellopeiyang.com, node3.hellopeiyang.com

  • 步驟1:準(zhǔn)備工作

    ntpdate 172.18.0.1     // 同步時(shí)間
    vim /etc/hosts         // 集群必須能夠互相解析主機(jī)名,本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用hosts文件解決
    192.168.136.230 node0 node0.hellopeiyang.com
    192.168.136.130 node1 node1.hellopeiyang.com
    192.168.136.132 node3 node3.hellopeiyang.com
    
  • 步驟2:安裝并啟動(dòng)Elasticsearch服務(wù)

    yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk
    rpm -ivh elasticsearch-5.5.3.rpm
    mkdir /data/els/{logs,data} -pv
    chown -R  elasticsearch:elasticsearch /data/els/
    vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yaml
    cluster.name: myels     // 集群名,每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)相同
    node.name: node0        // 節(jié)點(diǎn)名,每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)不同
    path.data: /data/els/data     // 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)目錄
    path.logs: /data/els/logs     // 日志存儲(chǔ)目錄
    network.host: 192.168.136.230     // 監(jiān)聽I(yíng)P
    http.port: 9200                   // 監(jiān)聽端口
    // 每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)相同,包含所有節(jié)點(diǎn)的主機(jī)名
    discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node0", "node1", "node2"] 
    // 決定主節(jié)點(diǎn)歸屬所需的最少節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)
    discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2
    
    vim /etc/elasticsearch/jvm.options 
    // elasticsearch占用內(nèi)存較嚴(yán)重,一般將內(nèi)存使用調(diào)大些
    -Xms1g     // java棧初始化占用內(nèi)存
    -Xmx1g     // java棧最多占用內(nèi)存
    
    systemctl start elasticsearch.service
    
  • 步驟3:測(cè)試Elasticsearch節(jié)點(diǎn)和集群是否正常運(yùn)行

    // 測(cè)試節(jié)點(diǎn)是否正常運(yùn)行
    curl -XGET 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/'
    // 測(cè)試集群是否正常運(yùn)行
    curl -XGET 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/_cat/nodes?pretty'
    
  • 步驟4:添加、刪除、查詢數(shù)據(jù)至Elasticsearch集群

    // 在索引books, 類型IT中建立文檔1,2和3
    curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/books/IT/1?pretty' -d '{
    "name": "Elasticsearch in Action",
    "date": "Dec 3, 2015",
    "author": "Radu Gheorghe and Matthew Lee Hinman"
    }'
    curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/books/IT/2?pretty' -d '{
    "name": "Redis Essentials",
    "date": "Sep 8, 2015",
    "author": "Maxwell Dayvson Da Silva and Hugo Lopes Tavares"
    }'
    curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/books/IT/3?pretty' -d '{
    "name": "Puppet 4.10 Beginner's Guide",
    "date": "May 31, 2017",
    "author": "John Arundel"
    }'
    // 刪除索引books, 類型IT中的文檔3
    curl -XDELETE 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/books/IT/3?pretty'
    // 查詢索引books, 類型IT中包含elasticsearch關(guān)鍵詞的文檔
    curl -XGET 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/books/IT/_search?q=elasticsearch&pretty'
    
  • 步驟5:安裝elasticsearch-head
    elasticsearch-head:elasticsearch的插件,實(shí)現(xiàn)通過瀏覽器管理集群,托管在GitHub上

    yum install git npm -y
    git clone https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head.git
    cd elasticsearch-head/
    npm install
    // 修改節(jié)點(diǎn)的elasticsearch服務(wù)配置
    vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
    // 添加如下兩行,在head中才能成功連接節(jié)點(diǎn)
    http.cors.enabled: true
    http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
    systemctl restart elasticsearch.service 
    npm run start &
    

    輸入要連接的節(jié)點(diǎn)地址(紅框中),即可看到節(jié)點(diǎn)所處集群的基本情況,每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)信息中加粗黑框?yàn)橹鞣制?,非加粗黑框?yàn)楦北痉制?/p>

三、Logstash的使用

(一)Logstash的安裝

  • 安裝java-jre環(huán)境:yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk -y

  • 下載并安裝Logstash軟件包:rpm -ivh logstash-5.5.3.rpm

  • Logstash的安裝路徑:
    配置文件目錄:/etc/logstash/conf.d/
    可執(zhí)行程序目錄:/usr/share/logstash/bin

(二)配置文件格式

input {         // 設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)來源,必須設(shè)置
...
}
      
filter{         // 設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)的過濾操作,經(jīng)常設(shè)置
...
}
      
output {     // 設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)的輸出位置,必須設(shè)置
...
}

(三)實(shí)驗(yàn)二:Logstash的基礎(chǔ)使用

  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)2-1:從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入獲取數(shù)據(jù),處理后輸出至標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
              stdin {}
    }
    
    output {
              stdout {
                    codec => rubydebug
              }
    }
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf     // 檢查配置文件語法
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf        // 執(zhí)行配置文件
    
  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)2-2:從httpd的access日志中獲取數(shù)據(jù),使用grok插件過濾將每一條日志信息切分,并輸出至標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出

    // 安裝、配置httpd服務(wù)
    yum install httpd
    echo "hello index file" => /var/www/html/index.html
    echo "hello test file" => /var/www/html/test.html
    systemctl start httpd
    
    // 編輯Logstash配置文件
    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            file {
                    path => ["/var/log/httpd/access_log"]
                    start_position => "beginning"
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
    }   
    
    output {
            stdout{
                    codec => rubydebug
            }
    }
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    
  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)2-3:使用date插件調(diào)整時(shí)間戳信息格式

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            file {
                    path => ["/var/log/httpd/access_log"]
                    start_position => "beginning"
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
    }
    
    output {
            stdout{
                    codec => rubydebug
            }
    }
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    
  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)2-4:使用mutate插件修改Key值,將"agent"改為"user_agent"

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            file {
                    path => ["/var/log/httpd/access_log"]
                    start_position => "beginning"
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
            mutate {
                  rename => {
                          "agent" => "user_agent"
                  }
            }
    }
    
    output {
            stdout{
                    codec => rubydebug
            }
    }
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    
  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)2-5:使用geoip插件根據(jù)ip地址查詢所在位置的經(jīng)緯度

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            file {
                    path => ["/var/log/httpd/access_log"]
                    start_position => "beginning"
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
            mutate {
                    rename => {
                            "agent" => "user_agent"
                    }
            }
            geoip {
                    source => "clientip"
                    target => geoip
                    database => "/etc/logstash/maxmind/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
            // GeoLite2-City.mmdb數(shù)據(jù)庫從maxmind官網(wǎng)下載,存儲(chǔ)IP與地理信息的映射
            }
    }
    
    output {
            stdout{
                    codec => rubydebug
            }
    }
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    
  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)2-6:從redis數(shù)據(jù)庫采集數(shù)據(jù)

    yum install redis
    vim /etc/redis.conf
    bind 0.0.0.0
    systemctl start redis
    redis-cli
    SET mylog 15.15.15.15
    
    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            redis {
                    host => "192.168.136.230"
                    port => "6379"
                    key => "mylog"
                    data_type => "list"
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
            mutate {
                    rename => {
                            "agent" => "user_agent"
                    }
            }
            geoip {
                    source => "clientip"
                    target => geoip
                    database => "/etc/logstash/maxmind/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
            }
    }
    
    output {
            stdout{
                    codec => rubydebug
            }
    }
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    
  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)2-7:Logstash的處理結(jié)果寫入redis數(shù)據(jù)庫

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            file {
                    path => ["/var/log/httpd/access_log"]
                    start_position => "beginning"
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
            mutate {
                    rename => {
                            "agent" => "user_agent"
                    }
            }
            geoip {
                    source => "clientip"
                    target => geoip
                    database => "/etc/logstash/maxmind/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
            }
    }
    
    output {
            redis {
                    data_type => "channel"
                    key => "logstash-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
            }
    } 
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    
  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)2-8:Logstash的處理結(jié)果發(fā)送至實(shí)驗(yàn)一的Elasticsearch集群

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            file {
                    path => ["/var/log/httpd/access_log"]
                    start_position => "beginning"
           }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
            mutate {
                    rename => {
                            "agent" => "user_agent"
                    }
            }
            geoip {
                    source => "clientip"
                    target => geoip
                    database => "/etc/logstash/maxmind/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
            }
    }
    
    output {
            elasticsearch {
                    hosts => ["http://192.168.136.230/", "http://192.168.136.130"]
                    document_type => "httpd-accesslog"
                    index => "logstash-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
            }
    }
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    

可以在elasticsearch-head中看到接收到的數(shù)據(jù)

四、Filebeat的使用

(一)Beats平臺(tái)

  • Beats 平臺(tái):集合了多種單一用途數(shù)據(jù)采集器。這些采集器安裝后可用作輕量型代理,從成百上千或成千上萬臺(tái)機(jī)器向 Logstash 或 Elasticsearch 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
  • Filebeat:輕量型日志采集器,用于轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)和匯總?cè)罩九c文件

(二)Filebeat的文件結(jié)構(gòu)

  • /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml:配置文件
  • /etc/filebeat/filebeat.full.yml:配置文件模板
  • /lib/systemd/system/filebeat.service:Unit文件

(三)實(shí)驗(yàn)三:Filebeat的使用

  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)3-1:實(shí)現(xiàn)Filebeat收集數(shù)據(jù)傳送至Logstash,并由Logstash轉(zhuǎn)換后傳送至Elasticsearch

    • 實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境:實(shí)驗(yàn)2-8配置完成的環(huán)境
      包含三臺(tái)Elasticsearch節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī),一臺(tái)Logstash主機(jī),并再增加一臺(tái)Filebeat主機(jī)

    • 步驟1:Filebeat主機(jī)配置

    rpm -ivh filebeat-5.5.3-x86_64.rpm
    vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
    filebeat.prospectors:
    - input_type: log
      paths:
        - /var/log/httpd/access_log*     // 設(shè)置監(jiān)控的日志
    output.logstash:
    hosts: ["192.168.136.230:5044"]      // 指定Logstash服務(wù)器的IP和端口
    
    systemctl start filebeat.service
    
    • 步驟2:Logstash主機(jī)配置
    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
           beats {
                   port => 5044
           }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
            mutate {
                    rename => {
                            "agent" => "user_agent"
                    }
            }
            geoip {
                    source => "clientip"
                    target => geoip
                   database => "/etc/logstash/maxmind/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
            }
    }
    output {
            elasticsearch {
                    hosts => ["http://192.168.136.230/","http://192.168.136.130/"]
                    document_type => "httpd-accesslog"
                    index => "logstash-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
            }
    }
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf 
    systemctl start logstash.service
    
    • 步驟3:測(cè)試
      echo '120.120.120.120 - - [14/Dec/2017:16:42:56 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "curl/7.29.0"' >> /var/log/httpd/access_log
  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)3-2:實(shí)現(xiàn)Filebeat收集數(shù)據(jù)傳送至Redis,由Redis傳送至Logstash,并由Logstash轉(zhuǎn)換后傳送至Elasticsearch

    • 實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境:實(shí)驗(yàn)3-1配置完成的環(huán)境
      包含三臺(tái)Elasticsearch節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī),一臺(tái)Logstash主機(jī),一臺(tái)Filebeat主機(jī),并再增加一臺(tái)Redis主機(jī)

    • 步驟1:修改Filebeat主機(jī)配置

    vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
    filebeat.prospectors:
    - input_type: log
      paths:
        - /var/log/httpd/access_log*     // 設(shè)置監(jiān)控的日志
    output.redis:
            enabled: true
            hosts: [192.168.136.240]     // Redis服務(wù)器地址
            port: 6379
            key: httpd-accesslog         // key值必須要和Logstash主機(jī)的配置相同
            db: 0
            datatype: list
    
    systemctl restart filebeat.service
    
    • 步驟2: 配置Redis主機(jī)
    yum install redis
    vim /etc/redis.conf
    bind 0.0.0.0
    systemctl start redis.service
    
    • 步驟3:配置Logstash主機(jī)
    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            redis {
                    host => '192.168.136.240'
                    port => '6379'
                    key => 'httpd-accesslog'     // key值必須要和Filebeat主機(jī)的配置相同
                    data_type => 'list'
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                   }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
            mutate {
                    rename => {
                            "agent" => "user_agent"
                    }
            }
            geoip {
                    source => "clientip"
                    target => geoip
                    database => "/etc/logstash/maxmind/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
            }
    }
    output {
            elasticsearch {
                    hosts => ["http://192.168.136.230/","http://192.168.136.130/"]
                    document_type => "httpd-accesslog"
                    index => "logstash-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
            }
    }
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    systemctl restart logstash.service
    
    • 步驟4:測(cè)試
      echo '135.136.137.138 - - [14/Dec/2017:16:42:56 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "curl/7.29.0"' >> /var/log/httpd/access_log

五、Kibana的使用

  • Kibana:可視化 Elasticsearch 中的數(shù)據(jù)

(一)Kibana的文件結(jié)構(gòu)

  • /etc/kibana/kibana.yml:配置文件
  • /etc/systemd/system/kibana.service:Unit文件

(二)實(shí)驗(yàn)四:Kibana的使用

  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)4:使用Kibana將Elasticsearch中的數(shù)據(jù)可視化

  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境:實(shí)驗(yàn)3-2配置完成的環(huán)境
    包含三臺(tái)Elasticsearch節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī),一臺(tái)Logstash主機(jī),一臺(tái)Filebeat主機(jī),一臺(tái)Redis主機(jī),并再增加一臺(tái)Kibana主機(jī)

  • 步驟1:配置Kibana

rpm -ivh kibana-5.5.3-x86_64.rpm
vim /etc/kibana/kibana.yml
server.port: 5601          // 監(jiān)聽端口
server.host: "0.0.0.0"     // 監(jiān)聽ip
server.basePath: ""
server.name: "node3.hellopeiyang.com"
elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.136.230:9200"     // elasticsearch主機(jī)ip地址及端口

systemctl start kibana.service
  • 步驟2:在web瀏覽器中訪問Kibana主機(jī)的5601端口,進(jìn)入初始化管理頁面

    要求填寫索引名稱,配置后點(diǎn)擊Create進(jìn)入管理平臺(tái):左側(cè)為主要功能欄,當(dāng)前在"Discover"功能中,上面的輸入框中可以搜索,下面顯示搜索結(jié)果

    可以使用管理平臺(tái)左側(cè)的"Visualize"功能,建立統(tǒng)計(jì)圖形,如下圖中的餅圖

    可以使用管理平臺(tái)左側(cè)的"Visualize"功能,建立訪問地區(qū)分布圖

    可以使用管理平臺(tái)左側(cè)的"Dashboard"功能,將多幅圖并排顯示在監(jiān)控界面

六、Elastic Stack綜合應(yīng)用實(shí)例

(一)實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)例1:

  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)繕?biāo):使用Filebeat, Logstash, Elasticsearch, Kibana等工具收集、處理、存儲(chǔ)并可視化Tomcat日志數(shù)據(jù)

  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境:包含三臺(tái)Elasticsearch節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī),一臺(tái)Logstash主機(jī),一臺(tái)Filebeat主機(jī),一臺(tái)Redis主機(jī)和一臺(tái)Kibana主機(jī)

  • 步驟1:配置Filebeat主機(jī)

    vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
    filebeat.prospectors:
    - input_type: log
      paths:
        - /var/log/tomcat/*access_log*      // 監(jiān)控的tomcat目錄路徑
      document_type: tomcat-accesslog
    output.redis:
            enabled: true
            hosts: ["192.168.136.131"]
            port: 6379
            key: tomcat-accesslog           // 存儲(chǔ)至redis的key名稱
            db: 0
            datatype: list
    
    systemctl start filebeat.service
    
  • 步驟2:配置Redis服務(wù)器

    vim /etc/redis.conf
    bind 0.0.0.0
    
    systemctl start redis.service
    
  • 步驟3:配置Logstash服務(wù)器

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/tomcat.conf
    input {
            redis {
                    host => '192.168.136.131'
                    port => '6379'
                    key => 'tomcat-accesslog'     // 與filebeat存儲(chǔ)至redis數(shù)據(jù)庫的key名稱相同
                    data_type => 'list'
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMMONLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
    }
    
    output {
            elasticsearch {
                    hosts => ["http://192.168.136.230/","http://192.168.136.130/"]
                    document_type => "tomcat-accesslog"
                    index => "logstash-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
            }
    }
    
    systemctl start logstash.service
    
  • 步驟4:配置Elasticsearch Cluster

    mkdir /data/els/{data,logs} -pv
    chown -R elasticsearch,elasticsearch /data/els
    vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
    cluster.name: myels
    node.name: node0
    path.data: /data/els/data
    path.logs: /data/els/logs
    network.host: 192.168.136.230
    http.port: 9200
    discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node0", "node1", "node3"]
    discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2
    http.cors.enabled: true
    http.cors.allow-origin: "*
    
    systemctl start elasticsearch
    
  • 步驟5:?jiǎn)?dòng)Elasticsearch-head
    npm run start &

    在web管理頁面中查看集群產(chǎn)生了相應(yīng)的索引

  • 步驟6:配置Kibana

    vim /etc/kibana/kibana.yml
    server.port: 5601
    server.host: "0.0.0.0"
    server.basePath: ""
    server.name: "node3.hellopeiyang.com"
    elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.136.230:9200"
    
    systemctl start kibana.service
    

    在Kibana的管理頁面也看到了格式化的Tomcat日志統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)

(二)實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)例2:

  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)繕?biāo):使用Filebeat, Logstash, Elasticsearch, Kibana等工具收集、處理、存儲(chǔ)并可視化Nginx日志數(shù)據(jù)

  • 實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境:包含三臺(tái)Elasticsearch節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī),一臺(tái)Logstash主機(jī),一臺(tái)Filebeat主機(jī),一臺(tái)Redis主機(jī)和一臺(tái)Kibana主機(jī)

  • 步驟1:配置Filebeat主機(jī)

    vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
    filebeat.prospectors:
    - input_type: log
      paths:
        - /var/log/nginx/access.log*      // 監(jiān)控的tomcat目錄路徑
      document_type: nginx-accesslog
    output.redis:
            enabled: true
            hosts: ["192.168.136.131"]
           port: 6379
            key: nginx-accesslog          // 存儲(chǔ)至redis的key名稱
            db: 0
           datatype: list
    
    systemctl start filebeat.service
    
  • 步驟2:配置Redis服務(wù)器

    vim /etc/redis.conf
    bind 0.0.0.0
    
    systemctl start redis.service
    
  • 步驟3:配置Logstash服務(wù)器

    在filter中使用grok插件時(shí),在沒有完全匹配模式的情況下,可以自定義:
    例如,\"%{DATA:realclient}\",冒號(hào)前為數(shù)據(jù)格式,冒號(hào)后為給數(shù)據(jù)定義的名稱

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx.conf
    input {
            redis {
                    host => '192.168.136.131'
                    port => '6379'
                   key => 'nginx-accesslog'     // 與filebeat存儲(chǔ)至redis數(shù)據(jù)庫的key名稱相同
                    data_type => 'list'
           }
    }
    
    filter {
           grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG} \"%{DATA:realclient}\""
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                   match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
    }
    
    output {
            elasticsearch {
                   hosts => ["http://192.168.136.230/","http://192.168.136.130/"]
                   document_type => "nginx-accesslog"
                   index => "logstash-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
            }
    }
    
    systemctl start logstash.service
    
  • 步驟4:配置Elasticsearch Cluster,與實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)例1的步驟4完全相同

  • 步驟5:?jiǎn)?dòng)Elasticsearch-head
    npm run start &

    索引中的文檔,除了可以看到按照給定模式分段的信息,也看到了自定義分段信息

  • 步驟6:配置Kibana,與實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)例1的步驟6完全相同

    在Kibana的管理頁面可以看到格式化的Nginx日志統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),特別注意到自定義分段的信息也可以看到

?著作權(quán)歸作者所有,轉(zhuǎn)載或內(nèi)容合作請(qǐng)聯(lián)系作者
【社區(qū)內(nèi)容提示】社區(qū)部分內(nèi)容疑似由AI輔助生成,瀏覽時(shí)請(qǐng)結(jié)合常識(shí)與多方信息審慎甄別。
平臺(tái)聲明:文章內(nèi)容(如有圖片或視頻亦包括在內(nèi))由作者上傳并發(fā)布,文章內(nèi)容僅代表作者本人觀點(diǎn),簡(jiǎn)書系信息發(fā)布平臺(tái),僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)服務(wù)。

相關(guān)閱讀更多精彩內(nèi)容

友情鏈接更多精彩內(nèi)容