obtain---v.獲得；得到
It involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
obtainable---adj.可獲得的；可取得的
gain---v.獲得，贏得
derive--v.獲得；取得；(使)起源于；(使)來自
The supposed(所謂的) importance of influentials derives from a plausible(似是而非的) sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow(裂紋) of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.
characterize---v.使具有特點；描述
be characterized by---被描述為...；具有....的特征
He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest(適者生存)," in which weaker races(種族) and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
misconception and deceptiveness---誤解性和欺騙性
portray---v.描繪；描述
Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.
dipict---v.描繪；描述
decline---v.衰落；下降；下傾；傾斜 ? n.下降；下傾；衰落；拒絕；謝絕
Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.
on the decline---在衰退中
descend---v.下來；下降；降低身份；淪落；(大批人)突然到來，突然造訪
scold---罵；責備
decrease---v.減少；減小
former---adj.先前的，從前的；前者；前一個 ? pron.兩者之間的前者
In the former case the education is incidental(偶然的); it is natual and important, but it is not the express reason(快速，名確的理由) of the association(團體).
form---n.形式；形狀；外形；方式；表格 ? v.形成；組成；排列；組織；產(chǎn)生；塑造
At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, "the great books are read because they have been read"—they form a sort of(一種) social glue(社會粘合劑).
This is a subtle(微妙的) form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate(模仿) the behavior we see every day.
formal---adj.正式的；規(guī)范的；(服飾)適合正式場合的；整齊的；規(guī)矩的；(通常指學(xué)校教育)正規(guī)的 ? n.須穿禮服的舞會；晚禮服
A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain(限制) the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially(基本上的；大大地) improve productivity for the future.
formula---n.原則；規(guī)則；方案；方法；公式，方程式
The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of southern states in the Electoral College.
perform---v.做；執(zhí)行；表演
Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would perform on humans if they had the chance.
performer---n.演出者；表演者；表現(xiàn)...的人
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits(追求的事業(yè)), including soccer.
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record.
performance---n.執(zhí)行；履行；表演；行為；業(yè)績；性能
Like other human beings, he encounters(遭遇) moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook(偽造) his experiments, manufacture(捏造) evidence, or doctor(篡改) his reports.
performative---adj.表述行為的
formation---n.形成；養(yǎng)成；創(chuàng)建；創(chuàng)造；編隊；列隊
