1.
ifconfig 查看當(dāng)前ip? linux
ipconfig ? ? window
云服務(wù)器 只有內(nèi)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)卡，外網(wǎng)網(wǎng)卡? kafka
2.CRT/XSHELL 鏈接 Linux
3.文件創(chuàng)建
? vi
? touch xxx.log 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)空的文件
4.文件夾創(chuàng)建
? mkdir xxx? 創(chuàng)建1層
? mkdir -p 1/2/3 連續(xù)創(chuàng)建3層
? mkdir 4 5 6? 同層1下子創(chuàng)建3個(gè)目錄
5.mv 移動(dòng)文件或文件夾? 原路徑是不存在
mv 20180427.log ruoze/
6.cp 復(fù)制文件或者文件夾 原路徑是存在的
文件: cp 20180502.log ruoze/
文件夾: cp -r 4 1/
7.查看文件的內(nèi)容
cat 20180427.log 一下子將內(nèi)容刷新出來
more 20180427.log 一頁頁的按空格鍵翻
less 20180427.log
tail? ? ? ? ? ? ? 實(shí)時(shí)查看文件內(nèi)容
tail -f 20180427.log? ?
tail -F 20180427.log? -F = -f -retry
http://blog.itpub.net/30089851/viewspace-2134067/
tail -200f install.log.syslog? 倒著查看最新200行，且實(shí)時(shí)
log4j? 10份
xxx.log 系統(tǒng)記錄日志10份
100M就切1次:
mv xxx.log xxx.log1
touch xxx.log
8.
echo "456" > 20180502.log? 覆蓋
echo "123" >> 20180502.log 追加
9.輸出打印
echo "1234"
10.mv 和 cp誰快？
I'd argue for cp being the fastest, even if marginally so.
Between drives, 'mv' should essentially amount to cp + rm (copy to destination, then delete from source). On the same filesystem, 'mv' doesn't actually copy the data, it just remaps the inode, so it is far faster than cp.?
Rsync will be slower than cp since, it still needs to copy the entire file - and it has additional overhead (even if minor in this case). Rsync may win in the case where you already have the majority of data one the target drive and would only need to copy a small delta.
11.別名
alias
臨時(shí): alias rz='cd /root/ruoze/1/'
永久: 取決于設(shè)置全局還是個(gè)人
12.環(huán)境變量文件
全局:
/etc/profile?
source /etc/profile? 生效
個(gè)人:? .bash_profile 、.bashrc
~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile? 生效
. ~/.bash_profile? ? 生效
13.刪除
rm xxx.log 刪除一個(gè)文件，詢問
rm -f xxx.log 刪除一個(gè)文件，不詢問
rm -rf xxx? 刪除文件夾
rm -rf / 不能做
在shell腳本:一定要校驗(yàn)path變量是否等于空
path=""?
rm -rf $path/* ==> rm -rf /*
14.設(shè)置變量
path=6
key=value
15.history !70 查看歷史命令和執(zhí)行第70行
16.用戶，用戶組的常用命令
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# ll /usr/sbin/user*
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 103096 Dec? 8? 2011 /usr/sbin/useradd
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root? 69560 Dec? 8? 2011 /usr/sbin/userdel
-rws--x--x. 1 root root? 42384 Aug 23? 2010 /usr/sbin/userhelper
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root? 98680 Dec? 8? 2011 /usr/sbin/usermod
-rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root? 9000 Nov 23? 2013 /usr/sbin/usernetctl
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]#
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]#
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# ll /usr/sbin/group*
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 54968 Dec? 8? 2011 /usr/sbin/groupadd
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 46512 Dec? 8? 2011 /usr/sbin/groupdel
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 50800 Dec? 8? 2011 /usr/sbin/groupmems
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 61360 Dec? 8? 2011 /usr/sbin/groupmod
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]#
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# useradd ruoze? 自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)用戶和用戶組，名稱一樣
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# id ruoze
uid=501(ruoze) gid=501(ruoze) groups=501(ruoze)
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]#
gid: 主組
groups：所有組
刪除
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# userdel ruoze
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# id ruoze
id: ruoze: No such user
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]#
再次創(chuàng)建
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# useradd ruoze
useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.
Not copying any file from skel directory into it.
Creating mailbox file: File exists
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]#
查看/home/xxx用戶名稱的文件夾
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# ll /home/
total 8
drwx------. 4 jepson jepson 4096 May? 2 22:14 jepson
drwx------. 4 ruoze? ruoze? 4096 May? 2 22:29 ruoze
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]#
用戶和用戶組的文件
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# cat /etc/passwd | grep ruoze
ruoze:x:501:501::/home/ruoze:/bin/bash
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]#
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# cat /etc/group | grep ruoze
ruoze:x:501:
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]#
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# groupadd bigdata
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# id ruoze
uid=501(ruoze) gid=501(ruoze) groups=501(ruoze)
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# usermod -a -G bigdata ruoze
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# id ruoze
uid=501(ruoze) gid=501(ruoze) groups=501(ruoze),502(bigdata)
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# usermod -g bigdata ruoze
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# id ruoze
uid=501(ruoze) gid=502(bigdata) groups=502(bigdata)
17.管道符 |
cat /etc/passwd | grep ruoze
18.查看命令幫助
usermod --help
man usermod
19.設(shè)置密碼
passwd ruoze
20.切換用戶
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# su ruoze
[ruoze@hadoop000 ruoze]$ pwd
/root/ruoze
[ruoze@hadoop000 ruoze]$
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]#
[root@hadoop000 ruoze]# su - ruoze
[ruoze@hadoop000 ~]$
- 1.切換用戶之后，執(zhí)行環(huán)境變量文件.bash_profile
? 2.且進(jìn)入該用戶的家目錄
? hadoop
? su hadoop? su - hadoop
? xxxx? ? ? xxxxxx
記住2件事：1.? history
? ? ? ? ? 2.? 查看環(huán)境變量文件
21.exit 退出當(dāng)前用戶，返回上一次用戶
22.臨時(shí)獲取root的權(quán)限 sudo
[jepson@hadoop000 ~]$ rz
-bash: cd: /root/ruoze/6/: Permission denied
[jepson@hadoop000 ~]$
[jepson@hadoop000 ~]$
[jepson@hadoop000 ~]$ sudo rz
We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:
? ? #1) Respect the privacy of others.
? ? #2) Think before you type.
? ? #3) With great power comes great responsibility.
[sudo] password for jepson:
jepson is not in the sudoers file.? This incident will be reported.
[jepson@hadoop000 ~]$
將一個(gè)用戶添加到/etc/sudoers文件然后無密碼
[root@hadoop000 1]# vi /etc/sudoers
## Allow root to run any commands anywhere
root? ? ALL=(ALL)? ? ? ALL
jepson? ALL=(root)? ? ? NOPASSWD:ALL
[jepson@hadoop000 ~]$ ls -l /root
ls: cannot open directory /root: Permission denied
[jepson@hadoop000 ~]$
[jepson@hadoop000 ~]$ sudo ls -l /root
total 108
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root? ? 0 May? 2 21:12 20180502.log
-rw-------. 1 root root? 1382 Apr 28 05:21 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root? 4096 Apr 27 22:37 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root? 4096 Apr 27 21:40 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root? 4096 Apr 27 21:40 Downloads
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 49565 Apr 28 05:20 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10033 Apr 28 05:16 install.log.syslog
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root? 4096 Apr 27 21:40 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root? 4096 Apr 27 21:40 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root? 4096 Apr 27 21:40 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root? 4096 May? 2 22:20 ruoze
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root? 4096 Apr 27 21:40 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root? 4096 Apr 27 21:40 Videos
[jepson@hadoop000 ~]$
23.進(jìn)程
查看
[jepson@hadoop000 ~]$ ps -ef | grep tail
root? ? 24215? 2254? 0 21:29 pts/1? ? 00:00:00 tail -f 20180502.log
root? ? 26027? 2254? 0 21:32 pts/1? ? 00:00:00 tail -F 20180502.log
root? ? 26034? 2254? 0 21:35 pts/1? ? 00:00:00 tail -F 20180502.log
root? ? 26049? 2254? 0 21:37 pts/1? ? 00:00:00 tail -F 20180502.log
第二列是pid
kill -9 24215
殺死關(guān)于tail命令的所有進(jìn)程之前，給我ps -ef|grep tail查看確認(rèn)清楚
kill -9 26027 26034? 26049
kill -9 $(pgrep -f tail)
24.端口號(hào)
[root@hadoop000 ~]# ps -ef|grep ssh
root? ? ? 1432? ? 1? 0 20:45 ?? ? ? ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
root? ? ? 2248? 1432? 0 21:09 ?? ? ? ? 00:00:01 sshd: root@pts/1,pts/2,pts/3,pts/4
root? ? 26570? 2332? 0 23:14 pts/2? ? 00:00:00 grep ssh
[root@hadoop000 ~]# netstat -nlp|grep 1432
tcp? ? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 0.0.0.0:22? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0.0.0.0:*? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? LISTEN? ? ? 1432/sshd? ? ? ? ?
tcp? ? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 :::22? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? :::*? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? LISTEN? ? ? 1432/sshd? ? ? ? ?
[root@hadoop000 ~]#
打開某個(gè)xxx服務(wù)的web界面： http://ip:端口/
ifconfig
ps -ef|grep xxx -->pid
netstat -nlp|grep pid -->port
netstat -nlp|grep xxx -->port
