PartI. 作業(yè)：
1. 他沒(méi)有膽量，在最后一刻放棄了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金申請(qǐng)。
翻譯：He has no backbone, and gvies up the scholarship application at the last moment.
答案：He didn't have the backbone and gave up the scholarship application at the last minute.
Lacking the backbone, he gave up the scholarship application at the last minute.
2. 情景：他缺乏上臺(tái)演講的膽量。
造句：He didn't have the backbone to make a public presentation./ He didn't have the backbone to give a speech on the stage.
Part II.筆記：
1. 釋義：n. courage and determination，做“膽量”時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞。
2. 例句：
1) He has a crush on Sarah, but doesn't have the backbone to ask her out.
have a crush on somebody 迷戀某人
2) Nobody on the Chongqing bus had the backbone to intervene and prevent the middle-aged woman from assaulting the driver. If somebody did, the story would have turned out very differently.
3) He has enough backbone to take up the Ice Bucket Challenge.
take up：拿起；開始從事；占據(jù)(時(shí)間,地方)
