Chaptrer 4 ? 下
● WHEN SIN LOOKS LIKE VIRTUE ? ?當(dāng)罪惡看起來像美德
● THE HALO EFFECT ?光環(huán)效應(yīng)
● MAGIC WORDS 神奇詞語
● UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: ARE YOU HANDING OUT HALOS? 深入剖析：你正在被光環(huán)籠罩嗎？
● A SHOPPER SEDUCED BY SAVINGS SPENDS MORE 省錢的念頭誘惑了購物者
● THE RISKS OF GOING GREEN ?環(huán)保的挑戰(zhàn)
● UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: WHO DO YOU THINK YOU ARE? 深入剖析：你認(rèn)為你是誰？
● THE LAST WORD
?? words and phrases
（1）trap ??[tr?p]
vt. 誘捕；使…受限制；使…陷入困境
n. 陷阱；圈套；[建] 存水灣
vi. 設(shè)陷阱
eg:There's one last licensing trap we must learn to avoid.
還有一個(gè)我們必須學(xué)會(huì)去避免的“許可陷阱”。
（2）has to do with ?與...有關(guān)
eg:It has to do with our deep desire. ? 它和我們深切的欲望有關(guān)。
（3）entree? ['ɑntre]
eg:IWe are having four courses: appetizers, salad, entree and dessert.
我們有四道菜：開胃菜、涼拌菜、主菜和甜品。
main dish ? 主菜、主碟、熱菜、主食
eg:Yes, sir. What main dish would you like，sir?
好的，先生。你喜歡什么主菜?
（4）estimate? ['?st?,met]
vi. 估計(jì)，估價(jià)
n. 估計(jì)，估價(jià)；判斷，看法
vt. 估計(jì)，估量；判斷，評價(jià)
estimate for ? ?對…估價(jià)、估計(jì)
cost estimate ? 成本估算，成本估計(jì)
by itself ? ?自動(dòng)地、獨(dú)自地、單獨(dú)地
underestimate ? 低估
eg:Researchers have found that if you pair a cheeseburger with a green salad, diners estimate that the meal has fewer calories than the same cheeseburger served by itself.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果把漢堡和沙拉一起端上來，客人會(huì)覺得漢堡比單獨(dú)端上來的時(shí)候少了很多卡路里。
（4）make no sense ? 毫無意義
eg:Towels that hang there just to look pretty make no sense to me.
掛在那只是為了好看的毛巾對我來說沒有任何意義。
（5）in terms of ? ?依據(jù)；按照；在…方面；以…措詞
The problem here is that when we think of food or products in terms of “good” and “bad,” we let a good feeling take the place of common sense.
當(dāng)我們按照“好”和“壞”來界定食物或商品的時(shí)候，感覺良好會(huì)取代常識(shí)判斷。
（6）get in the way ?妨礙、 阻礙
? ? ?be consistent with ?與一致和…符合
When a halo effect is getting in the way of your willpower challenge, look for a the most concrete measure (e.g., calories, cost, time spent or wasted) of whether a choice is consistent with your goals.
當(dāng)光環(huán)效應(yīng)影響到你的意志力挑戰(zhàn)的時(shí)候，去尋找最具體的測量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（例如，卡路里，花費(fèi)，浪費(fèi)的時(shí)間），看這些選擇是否與目標(biāo)一致。
（7）compete [k?m'pit]
vi. 競爭；比賽；對抗
過去式 competed，過去分詞 competed，現(xiàn)在分詞 competing
Compete Ability ? 競爭力
eg：Compete only with yourself. ? ?只與自己競爭。
（8）organic? [?r'g?n?k]
adj. [有化] 有機(jī)的；組織的；器官的；根本的
Organic agriculture ? 有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)
eg:The shop sells organic food. 這家商店出售有機(jī)食品
（9） tray [tre]
? ? ? ? ?n ?盤子，托盤，文件盒
? ? ? ? a tray of food? 一盤食物
（10）halo ['helo] ?effect? ? 暈輪效應(yīng),光環(huán)效應(yīng),成見效應(yīng)
? ? ? ? ? ?Going Green? ? ?環(huán)保
??Sentence
? （1）
Dieters—who in theory should be the most likely to know the calorie counts of foods—were the most susceptible to?（易受...影響）the halo effect, taking 100 calories off their estimates when a salad was added.
從理論上說，節(jié)食者應(yīng)該更清楚食物的卡路里含量，然而他們也是最容易受到光環(huán)效應(yīng)影響的，當(dāng)看到配菜是沙拉的時(shí)候，他們會(huì)低估100卡路里。
? （2）
Halo effects pop up（出現(xiàn)） all over the place, whenever something indulgent is paired with （be paired with ?與...配對）something more virtuous.?
無論什么時(shí)候，只要使你放縱的東西和讓你覺得品德高尚的東西同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。
? （3）
Do you give yourself permission to indulge in something by focusing on its most virtuous quality? Do you have any magic words that give you permission to indulge, like “Buy 1 Get 1 Free,” “All Natural,” “Light,” “Fair Trade,” “Organic,” or “For a Good Cause”? This week, see if you can catch yourself in the act of handing out a halo to something that undermines（暗中破壞） your goals.
你會(huì)不會(huì)因?yàn)殛P(guān)注一個(gè)食物最有益的品質(zhì)，而允許自己沉溺于它？有沒有什么“神奇詞語”會(huì)給你放縱的許可？比如說“買一贈(zèng)一”，“純天然”，“清淡”，“公平貿(mào)易”，“有機(jī)”，“為了慈善”，這一周，看看你是否被那些破壞長遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)的光環(huán)所影響。
? （4）
Thinking in terms of “right” and “wrong” instead of remembering what we really want will trigger competing impulses and license self-sabotaging behavior.
如果只是按照“正確”和“錯(cuò)誤”來判斷做過的事，而不是記住我們真正想要的東西，這會(huì)引發(fā)和目標(biāo)相抵觸的沖動(dòng)，并允許我們做出一些妨礙自己的行為。
??Summary
The halo effect exists in our daily life.We often choose to judge others and things? by oneself with prejudice.We need to expand our perspective? in order to ?get a comprehensive understanding of all things.
When we turn willpower challenges into measures of moral worth, being good gives us permission to be bad. For better self-control, forget virtue, and focus on goals and values.
Thanks for Everything!
