循環(huán)依賴就是N個(gè)類中循環(huán)嵌套引用,如果在日常開發(fā)中我們用new 對象的方式發(fā)生這種循環(huán)依賴的話程序會(huì)在運(yùn)行時(shí)一直循環(huán)調(diào)用,直至內(nèi)存溢出報(bào)錯(cuò)。
下面說一下Spring是如果解決循環(huán)依賴的。
第一種:構(gòu)造器參數(shù)循環(huán)依賴
Spring容器會(huì)將每一個(gè)正在創(chuàng)建的Bean 標(biāo)識(shí)符放在一個(gè)“當(dāng)前創(chuàng)建Bean池”中,Bean標(biāo)識(shí)符在創(chuàng)建過程中將一直保持在這個(gè)池中。
因此如果在創(chuàng)建Bean過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)在“當(dāng)前創(chuàng)建Bean池”里時(shí)將拋出BeanCurrentlyInCreationException異常表示循環(huán)依賴;而對于創(chuàng)建完畢的Bean將從“當(dāng)前創(chuàng)建Bean池”中清除掉。
首先我們先初始化三個(gè)Bean。
public class StudentA {
private StudentB studentB ;
public void setStudentB(StudentB studentB) {
this.studentB = studentB;
}
public StudentA() {
}
public StudentA(StudentB studentB) {
this.studentB = studentB;
}
}
public class StudentB {
private StudentC studentC ;
public void setStudentC(StudentC studentC) {
this.studentC = studentC;
}
public StudentB() {
}
public StudentB(StudentC studentC) {
this.studentC = studentC;
}
}
public class StudentC {
private StudentA studentA ;
public void setStudentA(StudentA studentA) {
this.studentA = studentA;
}
public StudentC() {
}
public StudentC(StudentA studentA) {
this.studentA = studentA;
}
}
OK,上面是很基本的3個(gè)類,StudentA有參構(gòu)造是StudentB。StudentB的有參構(gòu)造是StudentC,StudentC的有參構(gòu)造是StudentA ,這樣就產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)循環(huán)依賴的情況。我們都把這三個(gè)Bean交給Spring管理,并用有參構(gòu)造實(shí)例化。
<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA">
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="b"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB">
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="c"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC">
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="a"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
下面是測試類:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
//System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
執(zhí)行結(jié)果報(bào)錯(cuò)信息為:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
如果大家理解開頭那句話的話,這個(gè)報(bào)錯(cuò)應(yīng)該不驚訝,Spring容器先創(chuàng)建單例StudentA,StudentA依賴StudentB,然后將A放在“當(dāng)前創(chuàng)建Bean池”中。
此時(shí)創(chuàng)建StudentB,StudentB依賴StudentC ,然后將B放在“當(dāng)前創(chuàng)建Bean池”中,此時(shí)創(chuàng)建StudentC,StudentC又依賴StudentA。
但是,此時(shí)Student已經(jīng)在池中,所以會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò),因?yàn)樵诔刂械腂ean都是未初始化完的,所以會(huì)依賴錯(cuò)誤 ,初始化完的Bean會(huì)從池中移除。
第二種:setter方式單例,默認(rèn)方式
如果要說setter方式注入的話,我們最好先看一張Spring中Bean實(shí)例化的圖:
如圖中前兩步驟得知:Spring是先將Bean對象實(shí)例化之后再設(shè)置對象屬性的
修改配置文件為set方式注入:
<!--scope="singleton"(默認(rèn)就是單例方式) -->
<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="singleton">
<property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope="singleton">
<property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope="singleton">
<property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>
</bean>
下面是測試類:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
打印結(jié)果為:
com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6
為什么用set方式就不報(bào)錯(cuò)了呢
我們結(jié)合上面那張圖看,Spring先是用構(gòu)造實(shí)例化Bean對象 ,此時(shí) Spring會(huì)將這個(gè)實(shí)例化結(jié)束的對象放到一個(gè)Map中,并且 Spring提供了獲取這個(gè)未設(shè)置屬性的實(shí)例化對象引用的方法。 結(jié)合我們的實(shí)例來看,當(dāng)Spring實(shí)例化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC后,緊接著會(huì)去設(shè)置對象的屬性,此時(shí)StudentA依賴StudentB,就會(huì)去Map中取出存在里面的單例StudentB對象,以此類推,不會(huì)出來循環(huán)的問題嘍、下面是Spring源碼中的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。以下的源碼在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java類中
/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(緩存單例實(shí)例化對象的Map集合) */
private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(64);
/** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(單例的工廠Bean緩存集合) */
private final Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories = new HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>(16);
/** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的單身對象緩存集合) */
private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);
/** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(單例的實(shí)例化對象名稱集合) */
private final Set<String> registeredSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>(64);
/**
* 添加單例實(shí)例
* 解決循環(huán)引用的問題
* Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton
* if necessary.
* <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to
* resolve circular references.
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object
*/
protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {
Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
}
}
}
第三種:setter方式原型,prototype
修改配置文件為:
<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="prototype">
<property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope="prototype">
<property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope="prototype">
<property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>
</bean>
scope="prototype" 意思是 每次請求都會(huì)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)實(shí)例對象。
兩者的區(qū)別是:有狀態(tài)的bean都使用Prototype作用域,無狀態(tài)的一般都使用singleton單例作用域。
測試用例:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
//此時(shí)必須要獲取Spring管理的實(shí)例,因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在scope="prototype" 只有請求獲取的時(shí)候才會(huì)實(shí)例化對象
System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
打印結(jié)果:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
為什么原型模式就報(bào)錯(cuò)了呢 ?
對于“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器無法完成依賴注入,因?yàn)椤皃rototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容器不進(jìn)行緩存,因此無法提前暴露一個(gè)創(chuàng)建中的Bean。
作者:學(xué)習(xí)園
https://blog.csdn.net/u010644448/article/details/59108799