從NSDictionary 取值的時(shí)候有兩個(gè)方法,objectForKey: 和 valueForKey:,這兩個(gè)方法具體有什么不同呢?
先從 NSDictionary 文檔中來(lái)看這兩個(gè)方法的定義:
objectForKey: returns the value associated with aKey, or nil if no value is associated with aKey. 返回指定 key 的 value,若沒(méi)有這個(gè) key 返回 nil.
valueForKey: returns the value associated with a given key. 同樣是返回指定 key 的 value。
直觀上看這兩個(gè)方法好像沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別,但文檔里 valueForKey: 有額外一點(diǎn):
If key does not start with “@”, invokes objectForKey:. If key does start with “@”, strips the “@” and invokes [super valueForKey:] with the rest of the key. via Discussion
一般來(lái)說(shuō) key 可以是任意字符串組合,如果 key 不是以 @ 符號(hào)開(kāi)頭,這時(shí)候 valueForKey: 等同于 objectForKey:,如果是以 @ 開(kāi)頭,去掉 key 里的 @ 然后用剩下部分作為 key 執(zhí)行 [super valueForKey:]。
比如:
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"theValue" forKey:@"theKey"];
NSString *value1 = [dict objectForKey:@"theKey"];
NSString *value2 = [dict valueForKey:@"theKey"];
這時(shí)候 value1 和 value2 是一樣的結(jié)果。如果是這樣一個(gè) dict:
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"theValue" forKey:@"@theKey"];// 注意這個(gè) key 是以 @ 開(kāi)頭
NSString *value1 = [dict objectForKey:@"@theKey"];
NSString *value2 = [dict valueForKey:@"@theKey"];
value1 可以正確取值,但是 value2 取值會(huì)直接 crash 掉,報(bào)錯(cuò)信息:
Terminating app due to uncaught exception ‘NSUnknownKeyException’, reason:
‘[<__NSCFDictionary 0x892fd80> valueForUndefinedKey:]:this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key theKey.’
這是因?yàn)?valueForKey: 是 KVC(NSKeyValueCoding) 的方法,在 KVC 里可以通過(guò) property 同名字符串來(lái)獲取對(duì)應(yīng)的值。比如:
@interface Person : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *name;
@end
Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];
person.name = @"John Lee";
NSLog(@"name:%@", [person name]);
//name:John Lee
NSLog(@"name:%@", [person valueForKey:@"name"]);
//name:John Lee
[person release];