ps選項(xiàng)

ubuntu@ubuntu-VirtualBox:~$ ps --help
********* simple selection *********  ********* selection by list *********
-A all processes                      -C by command name
-N negate selection                   -G by real group ID (supports names)
-a all w/ tty except session leaders  -U by real user ID (supports names)
-d all except session leaders         -g by session OR by effective group name
-e all processes                      -p by process ID
T  all processes on this terminal     -s processes in the sessions given
a  all w/ tty, including other users  -t by tty
g  OBSOLETE -- DO NOT USE             -u by effective user ID (supports names)
r  only running processes             U  processes for specified users
x  processes w/o controlling ttys     t  by tty
*********** output format **********  *********** long options ***********
-o,o user-defined  -f full            --Group --User --pid --cols --ppid
-j,j job control   s  signal          --group --user --sid --rows --info
-O,O preloaded -o  v  virtual memory  --cumulative --format --deselect
-l,l long          u  user-oriented   --sort --tty --forest --version
-F   extra full    X  registers       --heading --no-heading --context
                    ********* misc options *********
-V,V  show version      L  list format codes  f  ASCII art forest
-m,m,-L,-T,H  threads   S  children in sum    -y change -l format
-M,Z  security data     c  true command name  -c scheduling class
-w,w  wide output       n  numeric WCHAN,UID  -H process hierarchy
ubuntu@ubuntu-VirtualBox:~$

例子

ubuntu@ubuntu-VirtualBox:~$ ps -ef|head -2
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 22:41 ?        00:00:00 /sbin/init

STIME是程序開始運(yùn)行的時(shí)間
TIME是程序已經(jīng)運(yùn)行時(shí)間

查找僵死進(jìn)程，并kill掉，注意kill的父進(jìn)程的ID（-o是用戶指定要輸出字段）
ps-A-ostat,ppid,pid,cmd|grep-e'^[Zz]'|awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9

只輸出所有進(jìn)程的pid
ps -A -opid
-o是一個(gè)很有用的選項(xiàng)，可以隨意改變輸出字段順序，可用字段如下：

       CODE   NORMAL   HEADER
       %C     pcpu     %CPU
       %G     group    GROUP
       %P     ppid     PPID
       %U     user     USER
       %a     args     COMMAND
       %c     comm     COMMAND
       %g     rgroup   RGROUP
       %n     nice     NI
       %p     pid      PID
       %r     pgid     PGID
       %t     etime    ELAPSED
       %u     ruser    RUSER
       %x     time     TIME
       %y     tty      TTY
       %z     vsz      VSZ

顯示進(jìn)程，按照uid從小到大，運(yùn)行時(shí)間從長(zhǎng)到短排序 （-代表逆序）
ps -ef | --sort=uid,-time

--sort選項(xiàng)可以使用排序字段名
      KEY   LONG          DESCRIPTION
       c     cmd          simple name of executable
       C     pcpu         cpu utilization
       f     flags        flags as in long format F field
       g     pgrp         process group ID
       G     tpgid        controlling tty process group ID
       j     cutime       cumulative user time
       J     cstime       cumulative system time
       k     utime        user time
       m     min_flt      number of minor page faults
       M     maj_flt      number of major page faults
       n     cmin_flt     cumulative minor page faults
       N     cmaj_flt     cumulative major page faults
       o     session      session ID
       p     pid          process ID
       P     ppid         parent process ID
       r     rss          resident set size
       R     resident     resident pages
       s     size         memory size in kilobytes
       S     share        amount of shared pages
       t     tty          the device number of the controlling tty
       T     start_time   time process was started
       U     uid          user ID number
       u     user         user name
       v     vsize        total VM size in kB
       y     priority     kernel scheduling priority