TET2突變是如何引起超甲基化
癌癥病人體內(nèi)會(huì)檢測到不正常的甲基化現(xiàn)象。
TET2可以氧化<u>5mC</u>成為5hmC,進(jìn)而通過其它機(jī)制形成5fC和5caC。
很多血液腫瘤病人的TET2基因突變了,同時(shí)會(huì)顯示出全局的5hmC水平下降。
有趣的是,全局的5hmC水平下降同樣發(fā)生在很多實(shí)體腫瘤病人身上,但是那些病人很少有TET2突變發(fā)生。
那么,TET2突變,或者全局的5hmC水平下降,是如何導(dǎo)致啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域的CG島的甲基化水平上升的呢?
有其它文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道 hypermethylation和oxidative stress (OS)有關(guān)系
作者認(rèn)為 oxidative stress (OS) 在其中起了關(guān)鍵的作用。
關(guān)鍵結(jié)論
- We now demonstrate TET2 forms ‘‘Yin-Yang’’ complexes with DNMTs and is targeted to chromatin during OS.
- TET2 actively removes abnormal DNAm induced by OS in promoter CGIs as well as enhancers by converting unwanted 5mC to 5hmC.
- Long-term reduction of TET2 caused even more DNA hypermethylation on these gene promoters and enhancers.
數(shù)據(jù)
作者用了 Agilent-026652 Whole Human Genome Microarray 4x44K v2 和 Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip 來聯(lián)合表達(dá)量和甲基化進(jìn)行分析。
-
Genome wide DNA methylation profiling of A2780 cells
- untreated (mock)
- treated with H2O2 for 30 min (H2O2 30 min)
- treated with H2O2 for 30 min with additional 2.5 hour resting ( H2O2 3h) .
-
Genome wide DNA methylation profiling of A2780 cells
- infected with control virus, no H2O2 (Scr_mock),
- infected with control virus with H2O2 treatment (30 min plus 2.5 h resting) (Scr_H2O2),
- infected with shTET2 virus, no H2O2 (shTET2_mock)
- infected with shTET2 virus, with H2O2 treatment (30 min plus 2.5 h resting) (shTET2_H2O2, two biological replicates).
數(shù)據(jù)分析要點(diǎn)及結(jié)論
主要是集中在 Figure 7. TET2 Protects against Abnormal DNAm
圖1
把TET2基因使用LentiCRISPR病毒KO掉前后的A2780細(xì)胞系,選取那些表達(dá)量下調(diào)非常顯著的基因集。然后再根據(jù)它們這些基因的甲基化芯片的promoter CGI 探針的 β值來分成3類:DNAm of unmethylated (b < 0.25) and intermediately methylated (0.25 < b < 0.75) ,分析發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的甲基化程度顯著上升。

圖2
還是針對那些TET2基因敲除后表達(dá)下降的基因,熱圖展現(xiàn)它們的甲基化芯片的promoter CGI 探針的 β值,共2947個(gè)探針。

圖3
把TET2基因敲除后那些超甲基化的1406個(gè)基因跟以前發(fā)表的bivalent genes in hESCs, and cancer specific hypermethylated genes.基因集用韋恩圖展現(xiàn)交叉情況。

圖4
把TET2基因敲除后那些超甲基化的1406個(gè)基因進(jìn)行GO富集分析

圖5
把TET2基因敲除前后細(xì)胞表達(dá)量的變化以及它們對應(yīng)的promoter CGI 探針的 β值變化的散點(diǎn)圖

同時(shí)也分析了增強(qiáng)子區(qū)域:
2,107 hypermethylated enhancer regions identified by Rasmussen et al. (2015) to similar subgroups based on their basal methylation levels and found a very similar pattern for gains of DNAm in their TET2 KO scenario
(文章轉(zhuǎn)自jimmy的2018年閱讀文獻(xiàn)筆記)
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