本文介紹倫敦以及西班牙巴塞羅那的一些相關(guān)文化背景知識(shí)，具體包括：羅賓漢節(jié)，英國(guó)著名酒吧和市場(chǎng)；國(guó)家美術(shù)館；西班牙的兩款著名小吃，以及著名的圣家族大教堂
注：本文目的主要是為學(xué)生總結(jié)新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)視聽(tīng)說(shuō)一書(shū)中出現(xiàn)的文化背景知識(shí)。對(duì)于其他讀者也可以順便瀏覽一些英語(yǔ)文化背景知識(shí)。中英文不是對(duì)照關(guān)系。
1 Robin Hood Festival
羅賓漢節(jié)
a festival that takes place for one week in August every year in Sherwood Forest, an ancient woodland in Nottinghamshire, england. the event celebrates the life and times of one of the most popular outlaws in the world:robin Hood. Activities and entertainment include children's theater, strolling players, jesters, jousting, and music. robin Hood is a legendary figure who is portrayed as a romantic medieval bowman who lived as an outlaw, outsmarting and stealing from the wealthy to help the poor and oppressed.?
2 the King's Head
a well-known pub in Islington in North London
From its official website: "Welcome to the King's Head, a Gastrobpub in the Old Port, Portland, Maine. We are dedicated to bringing you the very?best craft beer (with a 96 rating on Beer Advocate) and outstanding locally sourced food. We are located in the Pierce Atwood building at 254 Commercial Street. The wharf we are on was created with refuse and debris created by King George III's shelling and burning of the Old Port of what was then Falmouth, Mass. The charred remains were pushed into the water to create the foundation for our space. "
3 Brick Lane
located in the East End of London. there are a popular flea market and los of restaurants and shops.?
From Wikipedia:"is a street in?east London,?England, in the?London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It runs from Swanfield Street in the northern part of?Bethnal Green, crosses Bethnal Green Road in?Shoreditch, passes through?Spitalfields?and is linked to?Whitechapel?High Street to the south by the short stretch of Osborn Street. Today, it is the heart of the city's?Bangladeshi-Sylheti community?and is known to some as?Banglatown.?It is famous for its many curry houses."
Brick Lane(倫敦磚巷)毗鄰Spitalfields，從Spitalfields Market走過(guò)去也只有6、7分鐘的路程，也是一個(gè)坐落在東倫敦的市集?？赡芎芏嘣趥惗氐耐贾溃瑬|倫敦可以說(shuō)是亞文化的一個(gè)代名詞。這里聚集著最多元的膚色，也產(chǎn)生了最多元的亞文化。而位于東倫敦心臟地段的Brick Lane則擔(dān)當(dāng)起這個(gè)多元社區(qū)的一個(gè)縮影。因此，它不僅僅是一個(gè)復(fù)古集市那么簡(jiǎn)單，它還是這個(gè)地區(qū)的移民文化象征。與Spitalfields悠久歷史帶來(lái)的復(fù)古感不同的是，Brick Lane集市更加時(shí)髦前衛(wèi)，而且是一種來(lái)自亞文化，帶有反叛色彩的時(shí)尚。這首先體現(xiàn)在Brick Lane最出名的涂鴉街，各式各樣夸張的涂鴉遍布好幾個(gè)街道，以至于這個(gè)區(qū)域甚至成為世界上最具有代表性的涂鴉文化區(qū)域之一。
4 the national Gallery
From Wikipedia:"The?National Gallery?is an?art museum?in?Trafalgar Square?in the?City of Westminster, in?Central London. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900.
The Gallery is an?exempt charity, and a?non-departmental public body?of the?Department for Culture, Media and Sport.?Its collection belongs to the government on behalf of the British public, and entry to the main collection is free of charge. It is among the?most visited art museums?in the world, after the?Louvre, the?British Museum, and the?Metropolitan Museum of Art."
國(guó)家美術(shù)館，是一座位于英國(guó)倫敦市中心特拉法加廣場(chǎng)北側(cè)的美術(shù)館，成立于1824年。國(guó)家美術(shù)館收集了從13世紀(jì)至19世紀(jì)、多達(dá)2,300件的繪畫(huà)作品。由于其收藏屬于英國(guó)公眾，因此美術(shù)館是以免費(fèi)參觀的方式向大眾開(kāi)放，但偶爾也有要收費(fèi)的特展。 作品以1260年至1900年之間為主。
5 Barcelona
From?Wikipedia: "Barcelona??is a city in?Spain. It is the capital and largest city of?Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within city limits,[2]?its?urban area?extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the?Province of Barcelona?and is home to around 4.7 million people,[5]?making it the?sixth most populous urban area?in the?European Union?after?Paris,?London,?Madrid, the?Ruhr area?and?Milan.[3]?It is the largest metropolis on the western?Mediterranean Sea, located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers?Llobregat?and?Besòs, and bounded to the west by the?Serra de Collserola?mountain range, the tallest peak of which is 512 metres (1,680?feet) high."
巴塞羅那是西班牙加泰羅尼亞首府和巴塞羅那省省會(huì)，位于伊比利亞半島的東北面，瀕臨地中海，全市人口約160萬(wàn)，都會(huì)區(qū)人口則約500萬(wàn)，為加泰羅尼亞第一大城。加泰羅尼亞的議會(huì)、行政機(jī)構(gòu)、高等法院等政府中樞機(jī)構(gòu)，以及最高首長(zhǎng)均駐設(shè)于此。
6 churro
a long, curly doughnut-like cake, usually eaten for breakfast
西班牙油條，亦有作譯作吉拿棒、巧羅絲或是裘若，是一種源于西班牙的條狀面食，但亦在拉丁美洲、法國(guó)、葡萄牙、美國(guó)及加勒比海多個(gè)以拉美裔人口為主的島嶼盛行，是當(dāng)?shù)卦绮蜁r(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)食用的食品。
7 tapas
delicious bar snacks made with fish, meat, vegetables, and salads
塔帕斯是西班牙飲食中重要的一部分，是指正餐之前作為前菜食用的各種小吃，也通常作為下酒菜。塔帕斯可以是涼菜，如各式奶酪及橄欖；也可以是熱菜，如裹好面糊油炸的魷魚(yú)，煮馬鈴薯等等。塔帕斯最初作為佐酒用的小食，然而如今在西班牙的一些酒吧里，塔帕斯發(fā)展成為一種比較完整而復(fù)雜的菜式
8 La sagrada Familia
Antoni Gaudi's unfinished masterpiece. It is visited by millions of tourists every year and is one of Barcelona's most important landmarks. When Gaudi died in 1926 he'd worked on it for over 40 years. His unique style was inspired mainly by nature. Work continues on the building, butis not expected to b completed until 2026.
圣家宗座圣殿暨贖罪殿，一般簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為圣家堂，是位于西班牙加泰羅尼亞首府巴塞羅那的天主教教堂，由安東尼·高迪設(shè)計(jì)，其高聳與獨(dú)特的建筑設(shè)計(jì)，使得該教堂成為巴塞羅那最為人所知的觀光景點(diǎn)。
