一、Spark on Hive 和 Hive on Spark的區(qū)別
1)Spark on Hive
Spark on Hive 是Hive只作為存儲(chǔ)角色,Spark負(fù)責(zé)sql解析優(yōu)化,執(zhí)行。這里可以理解為Spark 通過Spark SQL 使用Hive 語(yǔ)句操作Hive表 ,底層運(yùn)行的還是 Spark RDD。具體步驟如下:
- 通過SparkSQL,加載Hive的配置文件,獲取到Hive的元數(shù)據(jù)信息;
- 獲取到Hive的元數(shù)據(jù)信息之后可以拿到Hive表的數(shù)據(jù);
- 通過SparkSQL來操作Hive表中的數(shù)據(jù)。
具體實(shí)現(xiàn)在我之前的博文中已經(jīng)講過,在這里就不再重復(fù)了,實(shí)現(xiàn)很簡(jiǎn)單,可以參考:大數(shù)據(jù)Hadoop之——Spark SQL+Spark Streaming
【總結(jié)】Spark使用Hive來提供表的metadata信息。
2)Hive on Spark(本章實(shí)現(xiàn))
Hive on Spark是Hive既作為存儲(chǔ)又負(fù)責(zé)sql的解析優(yōu)化,Spark負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行。這里Hive的執(zhí)行引擎變成了Spark,不再是MR,這個(gè)要實(shí)現(xiàn)比Spark on Hive麻煩很多, 必須重新編譯你的spark和導(dǎo)入jar包,不過目前大部分使用的確實(shí)是spark on hive。
- Hive默認(rèn)使用MapReduce作為執(zhí)行引擎,即Hive on MapReduce。實(shí)際上,Hive還可以使用Tez和Spark作為其執(zhí)行引擎,分別為Hive on Tez和Hive on Spark。由于MapReduce中間計(jì)算均需要寫入磁盤,而Spark是放在內(nèi)存中,所以總體來講Spark比MapReduce快很多。因此,Hive on Spark也會(huì)比Hive on MapReduce快。由于Hive on MapReduce的缺陷,所以企業(yè)里基本上很少使用了。
【總結(jié)】hive on spark大體與spark on hive結(jié)構(gòu)類似,
!
參考文檔:
- https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Hive+on+Spark
- https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Hive+on+Spark:+Getting+Started#HiveonSpark:GettingStarted-VersionCompatibility
- https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/HiveDeveloperFAQ#HiveDeveloperFAQ-HowdoIimportintoEclipse?
二、Hive on Spark實(shí)現(xiàn)
編譯Spark源碼
要使用Hive on Spark,所用的Spark版本必須不包含Hive的相關(guān)jar包,hive on spark 的官網(wǎng)上說“Note that you must have a version of Spark which does not include the Hive jars”。在spark官網(wǎng)下載的編譯的Spark都是有集成Hive的,因此需要自己下載源碼來編譯,并且編譯的時(shí)候不指定Hive。最終版本:
,其實(shí)主要是spark和hive版本對(duì)應(yīng)上就行,hadoop版本好像沒那么嚴(yán)格,所以這里hadoop版本我使用當(dāng)前最新版本,但是還是建議使用hive的pom.xml配置文件里配置的版本。
1)先下載hive源碼包查看spark版本
$ cd /opt/bigdata/hadoop/software
$ wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/hive/hive-3.1.2/apache-hive-3.1.2-src.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf apache-hive-3.1.2-src.tar.gz
$ egrep 'spark.version|hadoop.version' apache-hive-3.1.2-src/pom.xml

2)下載spark
下載地址:https://archive.apache.org/dist/spark/spark-2.3.0/

$ cd /opt/bigdata/hadoop/software
# 下載
$ wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/spark/spark-2.3.0/spark-2.3.0.tgz
3)解壓編譯
# 解壓
$ tar -zxvf spark-2.3.0.tgz
$ cd spark-2.3.0
# 開始編譯,注意hadoop版本
$ ./dev/make-distribution.sh --name without-hive --tgz -Pyarn -Phadoop-2.7 -Dhadoop.version=3.3.1 -Pparquet-provided -Porc-provided -Phadoop-provided
# 或者(這里不執(zhí)行下面這句,因?yàn)楦厦娴葍r(jià))
$ ./dev/make-distribution.sh --name "without-hive" --tgz "-Pyarn,hadoop-provided,hadoop-2.7,parquet-provided,orc-provided"
命令解釋:
-Phadoop-3.3 \ -Dhadoop.version=3.3.1 \ ***指定hadoop版本為3.3.1
--name without-hive hive 是編譯文件的名字參數(shù)
--tgz ***壓縮成tgz格式
-Pyarn 是支持yarn
-Phadoop-2.7 是支持的hadoop版本,一開始使用的是3.3后來提示hadoop3.3不存在,只好改成2.7,編譯成功
-Dhadoop.version=3.3.1 運(yùn)行環(huán)境
但是發(fā)現(xiàn)編譯卡住了,原來編譯會(huì)自動(dòng)下載maven和scala,存放在build目錄下,如圖:

自動(dòng)下載完maven和scala,就開始編譯了,編譯耗時(shí)還是比較久,慢慢等待編譯結(jié)束吧。
編譯花了半個(gè)小時(shí)左右,終于編譯完成了。編譯的時(shí)間太漫長(zhǎng),下面我也會(huì)把我編譯好的spark包放在網(wǎng)盤上供大家下載使用。


在當(dāng)前目錄下就有編譯好的spark包
$ ll

4)解壓
$ tar -zxvf spark-2.3.0-bin-without-hive.tgz -C /opt/bigdata/hadoop/server/
$ cd /opt/bigdata/hadoop/server/spark-2.3.0-bin-without-hive
$ ll

5)把spark jar包上傳到HDFS
【溫馨提示】hive-site.xml文件里配置需要。
$ cd /opt/bigdata/hadoop/server/spark-2.3.0-bin-without-hive/
### 創(chuàng)建日志存放目錄
$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p hdfs://hadoop-node1:8082/tmp/spark
### 在hdfs上創(chuàng)建存放jar包目錄
$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /spark/spark-2.4.5-jars
## 上傳jars到HDFS
$ hadoop fs -put ./jars/* /spark/spark-2.4.5-jars/
如果使用了打包好的jar包,hive操作時(shí)會(huì)報(bào)如下錯(cuò)誤:
to execute spark task, with exception 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException(Failed to create Spark client for Spark session c8c46c14-4d2a-4f7e-9a12-0cd62bf097db)'
: Execution
, return code 30041 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.spark.SparkTask. Failed to create Spark client for Spark session c8c46c14-4d2a-4f7e-9a12-0cd62bf097db
6)打包spark jar包并上傳到HDFS
【溫馨提示】spark-default.xml文件需要配置打包好的jar包,spark-submit會(huì)調(diào)用。
$ cd /opt/bigdata/hadoop/server/spark-2.3.0-bin-without-hive/
$ jar cv0f spark2.3.0-without-hive-libs.jar -C ./jars/ .
$ ll
### 在hdfs上創(chuàng)建存放jar包目錄
$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /spark/jars
## 上傳jars到HDFS
$ hadoop fs -put spark2.3.0-without-hive-libs.jar /spark/jars/
如果不打包,則會(huì)報(bào)如下錯(cuò)誤:
Exception in thread "main" java.io.FileNotFoundException:
: hdfs://hadoop-node1:8082/spark/spark-2.3.0-jars/*.jar
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem29.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1749)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemLinkResolver.resolve(FileSystemLinkResolver.java:81)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.getFileStatus(DistributedFileSystem.java:1764)
at org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.ClientDistributedCacheManageranonfun
class.getOrElse(MapLike.scala:128)
at scala.collection.AbstractMap.getOrElse(Map.scala:59)
at org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.ClientDistributedCacheManager.addResource(ClientDistributedCacheManager.scala:71)
at org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.Client.orgspark
yarn
1(Client.scala:480)
at org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.Client.prepareLocalResources(Client.scala:517)
at org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.Client.createContainerLaunchContext(Client.scala:863)
at org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.Client.submitApplication(Client.scala:169)
at org.apache.spark.scheduler.cluster.YarnClientSchedulerBackend.start(YarnClientSchedulerBackend.scala:57)
at org.apache.spark.scheduler.TaskSchedulerImpl.start(TaskSchedulerImpl.scala:164)
at org.apache.spark.SparkContext.<init>(SparkContext.scala:500)
at org.apache.spark.SparkContextBuilder
anonfun
Builder.getOrCreate(SparkSession.scala:921)
at org.apache.spark.examples.SparkPi.org
spark
SparkSubmit$$runMain(SparkSubmit.scala:879)
at org.apache.spark.deploy.SparkSubmit1(SparkSubmit.scala:197)
at org.apache.spark.deploy.SparkSubmit.main(SparkSubmit.scala:136)
at org.apache.spark.deploy.SparkSubmit.main(SparkSubmit.scala)
7)配置
1、配置spark-defaults.conf
$ cd /opt/bigdata/hadoop/server/spark-2.3.0-bin-without-hive/conf
# copy一個(gè)配置文件
$ cp spark-defaults.conf.template spark-defaults.conf
spark-defaults.conf修改內(nèi)容如下:
spark.master yarn
spark.home /opt/bigdata/hadoop/server/spark-2.3.0-bin-without-hive
spark.eventLog.enabled true
spark.eventLog.dir hdfs://hadoop-node1:8082/tmp/spark
spark.serializer org.apache.spark.serializer.KryoSerializer
spark.executor.memory 1g
spark.driver.memory 1g
spark.executor.extraJavaOptions -XX:+PrintGCDetails -Dkey=value -Dnumbers="one two three"
spark.yarn.archive hdfs:///spark/jars/spark2.3.0-without-hive-libs.jar
spark.yarn.jars hdfs:///spark/jars/spark2.3.0-without-hive-libs.jar
### 參數(shù)解釋,不用復(fù)制到配置文件中
# spark.master指定Spark運(yùn)行模式,可以是yarn-client、yarn-cluster...
# spark.home指定SPARK_HOME路徑
# spark.eventLog.enabled需要設(shè)為true
# spark.eventLog.dir指定路徑,放在master節(jié)點(diǎn)的hdfs中,端口要跟hdfs設(shè)置的端口一致(默認(rèn)為8020),否則會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)
# spark.executor.memory和spark.driver.memory指定executor和dirver的內(nèi)存,512m或1g,既不能太大也不能太小,因?yàn)樘∵\(yùn)行不了,太大又會(huì)影響其他服務(wù)
2、配置spark-env.sh
$ cd /opt/bigdata/hadoop/server/spark-2.3.0-bin-without-hive/conf
$ cp spark-env.sh.template spark-env.sh
# 在spark-env.sh添加如下內(nèi)容
$ vi spark-env.sh
export SPARK_DIST_CLASSPATH=$(hadoop classpath)
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR={HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop/
# 加載
$ source spark-env.sh
在Yarn模式運(yùn)行時(shí),需要將以下三個(gè)包放在HIVE_HOME/lib下 :scala-library、spark-core、spark-network-common。
$ cd /opt/bigdata/hadoop/server/spark-2.3.0-bin-without-hive
# 先刪
$ rm -f ../apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/scala-library-*.jar
$ rm -f ../apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/spark-core_*.jar
$ rm -f ../apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/spark-network-common_*.jar
# copy這三個(gè)jar到hive lib目錄下
$ cp jars/scala-library-*.jar ../apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/
$ cp jars/spark-core_*.jar ../apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/
$ cp jars/spark-network-common_*.jar ../apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/
3、配置hive-site.xml
$ cd /opt/bigdata/hadoop/server/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/conf/
#配置hive-site.xml,主要mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
$ cat << EOF > hive-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<!-- 配置hdfs存儲(chǔ)目錄 -->
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive_remote/warehouse</value>
</property>
<!-- 所連接的 MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的地址,hive_remote是數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),程序會(huì)自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建,自定義就行 -->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://hadoop-node1:3306/hive_remote2?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai</value>
</property>
<!-- 本地模式
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
-->
<!-- MySQL 驅(qū)動(dòng) -->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<!-- mysql連接用戶 -->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>root</value>
</property>
<!-- mysql連接密碼 -->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>123456</value>
</property>
<!--元數(shù)據(jù)是否校驗(yàn)-->
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>system:user.name</name>
<value>root</value>
<description>user name</description>
</property>
<!-- host -->
<property>
<name>hive.server2.thrift.bind.host</name>
<value>hadoop-node1</value>
<description>Bind host on which to run the HiveServer2 Thrift service.</description>
</property>
<!-- hs2端口 -->
<property>
<name>hive.server2.thrift.port</name>
<value>11000</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
<value>thrift://hadoop-node1:9083</value>
</property>
<!--Spark依賴位置,上面上傳jar包的hdfs路徑-->
<property>
<name>spark.yarn.jars</name>
<value>hdfs:///spark/spark-2.3.0-jars/*.jar</value>
</property>
<!--Hive執(zhí)行引擎,使用spark-->
<property>
<name>hive.execution.engine</name>
<value>spark</value>
</property>
<!--Hive和spark連接超時(shí)時(shí)間-->
<property>
<name>hive.spark.client.connect.timeout</name>
<value>10000ms</value>
</property>
</configuration>
EOF
8)設(shè)置環(huán)境變量
在/etc/profile添加如下配置:
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/bigdata/hadoop/server/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin
export PATH=$HIVE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export SPARK_HOME=/opt/bigdata/hadoop/server/spark-2.3.0-bin-without-hive
export PATH=$SPARK_HOME/bin:$PATH
加載
$ source /etc/profile
9)初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(mysql)
不清楚的可以先看一下這篇文章 大數(shù)據(jù)Hadoop之——數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)Hive
# 初始化,--verbose:查詢?cè)斍椋梢圆患?$ schematool -initSchema -dbType mysql --verbose
10)啟動(dòng)或者重啟hive的metstore服務(wù)
# 先查進(jìn)程是否存在,存在則kill掉
$ ss -atnlp|grep 9083
# 啟動(dòng)metstore服務(wù)
$ nohup hive --service metastore &
11)測(cè)試驗(yàn)證
先驗(yàn)證編譯好的spark是否ok,就用spark提供的示例:SparkPI
$ spark-submit \
--class org.apache.spark.examples.SparkPi \
--master yarn \
--deploy-mode client \
--driver-memory 1G \
--num-executors 3 \
--executor-memory 1G \
--executor-cores 1 \
/opt/bigdata/hadoop/server/spark-2.3.0-bin-without-hive/examples/jars/spark-examples_*.jar 10

從上圖發(fā)現(xiàn)編譯好的spark包是沒問題的,接下來就是驗(yàn)證hive提交spark任務(wù)
$ mkdir /opt/bigdata/hadoop/data/spark
$ cat << EOF > /opt/bigdata/hadoop/data/spark/test1230-data
1,phone
2,music
3,apple
4,clothes
EOF
# 啟動(dòng)hive
$ hive
# 創(chuàng)建表,通過逗號(hào)分隔字段
create table test1230(id string,shop string) row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
# 從local加載數(shù)據(jù),這里的local是指hs2服務(wù)所在機(jī)器的本地linux文件系統(tǒng)
load data local inpath '/opt/bigdata/hadoop/data/spark/test1230-data' into table test1230;
# 通過insert添加數(shù)據(jù),會(huì)提交spark任務(wù)
select * from test1230;
select count(*) from test1230;

最后提供我上面編譯好的spark2.3.0版本的包,下載地址如下:
鏈接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1OY_Mn8UdRkTiiMktjQ3wlQ
提取碼:8888