一、Vagrant是什么？
vagrant是一個操作虛擬機的工具.是一個基于Ruby的工具，用于創(chuàng)建和部署虛擬化開發(fā)環(huán)境。 通過命令和配置文件來管理虛擬機,很快就能完成一套開發(fā)環(huán)境的部署,并可以打包傳播,統(tǒng)一了開發(fā)環(huán)境,也解決了重復(fù)配置環(huán)境的麻煩.
二、Vargant的好處
Vagrant會創(chuàng)建共享文件夾，用來在主機和虛擬機之間進行資源共享；
Vagrant通過添加box鏡像進行快速部署，部署完畢后可以通過package進行打包分發(fā)，避免二次重建環(huán)境；
Vagrant可以使用puppet、chref等管理工具進行自動化配置部署；
Vagrant支持單機模擬多臺機器，且支持一個配置文件Vagrantfile就可以跑分布式系統(tǒng)。
三、準(zhǔn)備工作
win7下建議安裝版本
1.vagrant_1.8.6.msi
2.VirtualBox-5.1.24-117012-Win.exe
win10下建議安裝版本
1.vagrant_1.8.7.msi/vagrant_1.9.7_x86_64.msi
2.VirtualBox-5.1.24-117012-Win.exe
我這里是Win10系統(tǒng)，剛開始不清楚，裝的是最新的VirtualBox-5.2.8-121009-Win.exe+Vagrant 2.1.1啟動就報錯，后來上網(wǎng)一搜說是版本不兼容造成的。我這里有兩臺電腦都是win10的有臺電腦上死活裝不上，有臺電腦卻能裝上。。跟win10系統(tǒng)版本也有關(guān)系?我這系統(tǒng)版本是:
四、進行安裝
1.安裝VirtualBox
VirtualBox安裝就不多說了，一直下一步下一步就行了。
2.安裝Vagrant
Vargrant下載win版的，然后一直下一步下一步就行了。
3.下載package.box
去vagrant官網(wǎng)下載一個package.box 文件，box文件就是一個系統(tǒng)的鏡像文件 :http://www.vagrantbox.es/
4.把虛擬機加載到box容器中
下載好之后，在該目錄下執(zhí)行命令加載鏡像文件到Vagrant中去:
vagrant box add centos7 xxxx.box
centos7是給虛擬機起的名字 ,隨意寫。然后可以通過以下命令查看，當(dāng)前vagrant下有那些可用
C:\Users\fendo>vagrant box list
centos7 (virtualbox, 0)
5.初始化虛擬機
在你想要創(chuàng)建虛擬機的目錄下，執(zhí)行以下命令進行初始化
vagrant init centos7
會生成一個Vagrantfile文件,該文件就是Vagrant的配置文件。
6.啟動虛擬機
在該目錄下輸入:
vagrant up
啟動報錯:
E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'centos7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: Node1_default_1525964151077_64147
"rsync" could not be found on your PATH. Make sure that rsync
is properly installed on your system and available on the PATH.
修改:
C:\Users{your_username}.vagrant.d\boxes\centos7\0\virtualbox\Vagrantfile
原配置：
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.base_mac = "525400cae48b"
config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", type: "rsync"
end
改為：
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.base_mac = "525400cae48b"
config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", type: "virtualbox"
end
然后啟動，報如下錯誤:
E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
default: SSH username: vagrant
default: SSH auth method: private key
default:
default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
default:
default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
default:
default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
default: /vagrant => E:/OS_WORK/Node1
Vagrant was unable to mount VirtualBox shared folders. This is usually
because the filesystem "vboxsf" is not available. This filesystem is
made available via the VirtualBox Guest Additions and kernel module.
Please verify that these guest additions are properly installed in the
guest. This is not a bug in Vagrant and is usually caused by a faulty
Vagrant box. For context, the command attempted was:
mount -t vboxsf -o uid=1000,gid=1000 vagrant /vagrant
The error output from the command was:
mount: unknown filesystem type 'vboxsf'
中文意思就是:
vagrant 無法裝載VirtualBox的共享文件夾,因為文件系統(tǒng)"vboxsf"無法使用.
這個文件系統(tǒng)通過VirtualBox客戶添加內(nèi)核模塊獲得,請確認(rèn)是否被正確安裝.
這不是vagrant的問題,而是VirtualBox引起的問題.
請嘗試執(zhí)行,以下命令:
mount -t vboxsf -o uid=1001,gid=1001 work_ /work
命令輸出的錯誤信息為:
sbin/mount.vboxsf:掛載失敗:找不到這個文件或目錄
網(wǎng)上說的是，是Vagrant沒有安裝VBoxGuestAdditions，下面來手工安裝VitrualBox的這個增強功能：
●使用命令
E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant halt
==> default: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...
停止已在運行的虛擬機
●啟動VirtualBox中的虛擬機
直接在VirtualBox中啟動虛擬機，如下所示進行登錄：
輸入默認(rèn)用戶名 : vagrant , 登錄密碼 : vagrant
●掛載并安裝VBoxGuestAdditions
掛載辦法如下所示：設(shè)備->安裝增強功能
提示以下錯誤
手動安裝下，在VirtualBox安裝目錄下找到VBoxGuestAdditions.iso
加載進來，之后重啟下,使用以下命令安裝VBoxGuestAdditions
sudo mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
cd /media/cdrom/
sudo ./VBoxLinuxAddtions.run
發(fā)現(xiàn)還是不行，然后又執(zhí)行以下命令更新了下系統(tǒng)
sudo yum update
sudo yum install gcc
sudo yum install kernel-devel
exit #退出虛擬機
vagrant halt # 關(guān)閉虛擬機
后面還是不行。然后使用vagrant命令進行安裝
E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest
Installing the 'vagrant-vbguest' plugin. This can take a few minutes...
Installed the plugin 'vagrant-vbguest (0.15.1)'!
之后重啟
E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant reload --provision
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
default: SSH username: vagrant
default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
[default] No installation found.
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- base: mirrors.shu.edu.cn
- extras: mirrors.shu.edu.cn
- updates: mirrors.shu.edu.cn
Package kernel-devel-3.10.0-862.2.3.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package gcc-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package binutils-2.27-27.base.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:make-3.82-23.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 4:perl-5.16.3-292.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
Copy iso file C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox/VBoxGuestAdditions.iso into the box /tmp/VBoxGuestAdditions.iso
Mounting Virtualbox Guest Additions ISO to: /mnt
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
Installing Virtualbox Guest Additions 5.1.24 - guest version is unknown
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 5.1.24 Guest Additions for Linux...........
VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
Copying additional installer modules ...
Installing additional modules ...
vboxadd.sh: Starting the VirtualBox Guest Additions.
Could not find the X.Org or XFree86 Window System, skipping.
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start vboxadd.service
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start vboxadd-service.service
Unmounting Virtualbox Guest Additions ISO from: /mnt
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
default: /vagrant => E:/OS_WORK/Node1
然后啟動:
E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Machine already provisioned. Run vagrant provision or use the --provision
==> default: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.
五、Vagrant連接
1.虛擬機相關(guān)登錄信息
E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant ssh
ssh executable not found in any directories in the %PATH% variable. Is an
SSH client installed? Try installing Cygwin, MinGW or Git, all of which
contain an SSH client. Or use your favorite SSH client with the following
authentication information shown below:
Host: 127.0.0.1
Port: 2222
Username: vagrant
Private key: E:/OS_WORK/Node1/.vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key
這樣我們就可以像連接到一臺服務(wù)器一樣進行操作了。
2.ssh登錄
window機器不支持這樣的命令，必須使用第三方客戶端來進行連接，例如xmoba、putty、Xshell等.
ssh: 127.0.0.1
端口: 2222
用戶名: vagrant
密碼: vagrant
這里使用Xshell來登錄
找到剛剛上面生成的秘鑰:
E:/OS_WORK/Node1/.vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key
然后點擊確定，進行連接
注意事項：
注意關(guān)機之前都要關(guān)閉下虛擬機。如果不關(guān)閉的話 明天早上起來就發(fā)現(xiàn)啟動不了
在.Vagrantfile文件中設(shè)置：
設(shè)置用戶名以及密碼：
config.ssh.username = "vagrant"
config.ssh.password = "vagrant"
設(shè)置虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
六、Vagrant常用命令
- 添加box
提前下載好的box文件，~/box/centos.box，我們給這個box命名為centos vagrant box add centos ~/box/centos.box#box文件也可以是遠(yuǎn)程地址 base 為默認(rèn)名稱#vagrant box add base http://files.vagrantup.com/lucid64.box
- 初始化
打開目錄#cd ~/vagrant/work#初始化vagrant init#如果你添加的box名稱不是base，那么需要在初始化的時候指定名稱，例如vagrant init centos
- 啟動虛擬機
vagrant up - 打包分發(fā)
vagrant package
- 幫助命令
vagrant help
- 查看vagrant版本信息
vagrant -v
Vagrant命令詳解
命令 作用
vagrant box add 添加box的操作
vagrant init 初始化box的操作，會生成vagrant的配置文件Vagrantfile
vagrant up 啟動本地環(huán)境
vagrant ssh 通過 ssh 登錄本地環(huán)境所在虛擬機
vagrant halt 關(guān)閉本地環(huán)境
vagrant suspend 暫停本地環(huán)境
vagrant resume 恢復(fù)本地環(huán)境
vagrant reload 修改了 Vagrantfile 后，使之生效（相當(dāng)于先 halt，再 up）
vagrant destroy 徹底移除本地環(huán)境
vagrant box list 顯示當(dāng)前已經(jīng)添加的box列表
vagrant box remove 刪除相應(yīng)的box
vagrant package 打包命令，可以把當(dāng)前的運行的虛擬機環(huán)境進行打包
vagrant plugin 用于安裝卸載插件
vagrant status 獲取當(dāng)前虛擬機的狀態(tài)
vagrant global-status 顯示當(dāng)前用戶Vagrant的所有環(huán)境狀態(tài)
vagrant init 初始化
vagrant up 啟動虛擬機
vagrant halt 關(guān)閉虛擬機
vagrant reload 重啟虛擬機
vagrant ssh {name} SSH 至虛擬機
vagrant status 查看虛擬機運行狀態(tài)
vagrant destroy {name} 刪除當(dāng)前虛擬機
vagrant suspend 掛起當(dāng)前虛擬機
vagrant resume 恢復(fù)被掛起的vm
vagrant box list 列出所有box列表
vagrant box remove {base name} 刪除
vagrant destroy 停止當(dāng)前正在運行的虛擬機并銷毀所有創(chuàng)建的資源
vagrant package 把當(dāng)前的運行的虛擬機環(huán)境進行打包，可用于分發(fā)開發(fā)環(huán)境
vagrant plugin 安裝卸載插件
vagrant provision 設(shè)置基本的環(huán)境，進一步設(shè)置可以使用Chef/Puppet進行搭建
vagrant ssh-config 輸出ssh連接的一些信息
vagrant status 獲取虛擬機狀態(tài)
vagrant version 獲取vagrant的版本
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/u011781521/article/details/80275212
