TE20170114/LeadersP9/Lifelong learning
p.s. 編撰規(guī)則請閱讀我的文集“經(jīng)濟學(xué)人”之《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人筆記》食用說明；也希望大家能多提意見，自遠會及時改進/手動感謝
p.p.s.本篇選文個別生詞與經(jīng)濟學(xué)人筆記#001相同的，并未在該篇筆記中重復(fù)列出；正在考慮是①鏈接前文還是②重復(fù)列出（這樣照顧了首次閱讀筆記的人，但干擾了連續(xù)關(guān)注者的體驗）
Practicalities [?pr?kt??k?l?t?z] n.實踐性( practicality的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )
1.It is easy to say that people need to keep learning throughout their careers. The practicalities are daunting
2.Decisions about your children should be based on the practicalities of everyday life.有關(guān)孩子們的決定，應(yīng)該從日常生活的實際情況出發(fā)。
3.He would use the blue parking sticker only when?practicalities?required it.他只有在絕對必要的情況下才會求助.
Insight [??nsa?t] n.洞悉;深刻見解
1.That fundamental insight seized reformers in the Industrial Revolution, heralding state-funded universal schooling （普及教育）.
2.I hope that this talk has given you some insight into the kind of the work that we've been doing.希望這次談話能使你對我們正在開展的工作有一些較深入的了解。
3.He got his first insight into how inhumane([??nhju:?me?n]adj.不人道的) employers can be.他對雇主的冷酷無情第一次有了深刻認識
Seized ['si:zd] v.抓住，把握(機會)( seize的過去式和過去分詞 )
1.That fundamental insight seized reformers in the Industrial Revolution, heralding state-funded universal schooling.
2.The government now hopes to seize the initiative on education.如今政府希望抓住教育上的主動權(quán)。
3.Newspapers?seized?on the results as proof that global warming wasn't really happening.各報紙紛紛以此結(jié)果為證據(jù)來證明全球變暖并沒有真正發(fā)生。
Reformers [r?'f?:m?z] n.改革者( reformer的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )；
1.That fundamental insight seized reformers in the Industrial Revolution, heralding state-funded universal schooling.
2.I think the?reformers?have at times oversold the reforms.我認為改革者有時過分吹噓了改革的好處。
3.British history of the 19th century is peopled by energetic ([?en??d?etik]?) reformers.19世紀英國史上積極改革者層出不窮。
Heralding [?her?ld??] v.預(yù)告;預(yù)示…的來臨( herald的現(xiàn)在分詞 )；
1.That fundamental insight seized reformers in the Industrial Revolution,?heralding state-funded universal schooling.
2.And really that's?heralding?the beginning of the end.這真的預(yù)示著結(jié)尾的開始.
3.Streaks([stri:ks]n.條紋) of faint([feint]adj.微弱的) light were rising, heralding a new day.幾道淡淡的晨曦正在升起, 預(yù)示新的一天的來臨.
Surge [s?:d?] n. 激增;急劇上升;突飛猛進
1.Later, automation in factories and offices called forth a surge in college graduates.
2.Specialists see various reasons for the recent?surge?in inflation.專家們認為目前通貨膨脹加劇有多種原因。
3.There has been a?surge?of UFO sightings in America.美國不明飛行物目擊事件激增。
Cramming [k'r?m??] v.把…塞進;使塞滿( cram的現(xiàn)在分詞 )；
1.This time, however, working lives are so lengthy and so fast-changing that simply cramming more schooling in at the start is not enough.
2.I crammed my bag full of swimsuits and T-shirts and caught the sleeper down to Beziers.我把泳衣和T恤衫塞進包里，乘臥鋪前往貝濟耶。
3.Being hungry for the whole morning, I couldn't help?cramming?myself.我餓了一上午, 禁不住狼吞虎咽了起來.
Exacerbate [?g?z?s?be?t] vt.使惡化;使加劇
1.Unfortunately, as our special report in this issue sets out, the lifelong learning that exists today mainly benefits high achievers（成功者）—and is therefore more likely to exacerbate inequality than diminish it.
2.Longstanding poverty has been exacerbated by racial divisions.種族分化已經(jīng)加劇了長期的貧困問題。
3.Do policies in industrial countries ease or?exacerbate?the difficulties faced by developing countries?工業(yè)國的政策減輕還是加重了發(fā)展中國家面臨的困難?
Diminish [d??m?n??] vt.（使）減少，縮小；
1.Unfortunately, as our special report in this issue sets out, the lifelong learning that exists today mainly benefits high achievers—and is therefore more likely to exacerbate inequality than diminish it.
2.Federalism is intended to?diminish?the power of the central state.聯(lián)邦制旨在削弱中央政府的權(quán)力。
3.As people approach old age, their energies may?diminish.接近老年時, 人的精力就衰退了.
Ambition [?m?b??n] n.雄心；抱負；
1.So far, their ambition has fallen pitifully short （fall short：未達到）.
2.Even when I was young I never had any?ambition.即使是年輕時，我也從沒有什么雄心壯志。
3.She has great?ambitions?but little talent.她志大才疏。
Burst [b?:st] n.短暫的突然發(fā)作;一陣
1.The classic model of education—a burst at the start and top-ups（補足的，增加的；引申為強化培訓(xùn)） through company training—is breaking down.
2.It is easier to cope with short bursts of activity than with prolonged exercise.和長時間的鍛煉相比，短期內(nèi)加強活動更容易應(yīng)付。
3.Clouds gathered and a storm?burst.烏云密布,陡降暴雨。
Bashing [?b????] v.猛擊( bash的現(xiàn)在分詞 )；
1.Manufacturing increasingly calls for brain work rather than metal-bashing.
2.Too many golfers try to?bash?the ball out of sand. That spells disaster.太多高爾夫球手都想把球從沙子里敲出來，結(jié)果釀成了一場災(zāi)難。
3.A stand-in drummer bashes on a single snare([sne?]n.繃在小鼓下面的線) and a pair of cymbals([?simb?lz]n.鈸).一名臨時頂替的鼓手使勁敲著一根響弦和一對鐃鈸。
Routine [ru:?ti:n] adj.普通的;
1.The share of the American workforce employed in routine office jobs declined from 25.5% to 21% between 1996 and 2015.
2.So many days are?routine?and uninteresting, especially in winter.許多日子都過得平淡乏味，尤其是在冬天。
3.Jack had attended these meetings as a matter of?routine?for years.數(shù)年來，杰克把參加這些會議當成是例行公事。
Declined [di?klaind] v.下降;減少;衰退;衰落
1.The share of the American workforce employed in routine office jobs declined from 25.5% to 21% between 1996 and 2015.
2.Hourly output by workers?declined?1.3% in the first quarter.第一季度工人每小時的產(chǎn)量下降了 1.3%
Cope [k??p] vi.應(yīng)付，忍受(不愉快的局面)
1.Pushing people into ever-higher levels of formal education at the start of their lives is not the way to cope.
2.She has had to?cope?with losing all her previous status and money.她不得不忍受徹底失去以前所擁有的地位和金錢的痛苦。
3.Never before has the industry had to?cope?with war and recession at the same time.這個行業(yè)以前從未有過必須同時應(yīng)付戰(zhàn)爭和蕭條的經(jīng)歷
Vocational [v???ke???nl] adj.職業(yè)的;職業(yè)技術(shù)的
1.Although a vocational education promises that vital first hire, those with specialised training tend to withdraw from the labour force earlier than those with general education—perhaps because they are less adaptable.
2.Vocational?courses are often given more respect and funding than arts or philosophy.職業(yè)技術(shù)類課程通常能夠獲得比藝術(shù)或哲學(xué)類課程更多的重視和資助。
3.The trainers have a programme to teach them?vocational?skills.培訓(xùn)師計劃教他們一些職業(yè)技能。
Vital [?va?tl] adj.必要的;至關(guān)重要的;必不可少的
1.Although a vocational education promises that vital first hire, those with specialised training tend to withdraw from the labour force earlier than those with general education—perhaps because they are less adaptable.
2.Officials failed to pass?vital?information to their superiors.官員們沒有將重要信息匯報給他們的上司。
3.Support from those closest to you is?vital?in these trying times.在這些困難的時刻，最親近的人給予你的支持至關(guān)重要。
Withdraw [w?e?dr?:] vi.退出(活動或組織)
1.Although a vocational education promises that vital first hire, those with specialised training tend to withdraw from the labour force earlier than those with general education—perhaps because they are less adaptable.
2.The African National Congress threatened to?withdraw?from the talks.非洲國民大會威脅要退出會談。
3.The unemployed cannot?withdraw?their labour — they have no power.失業(yè)者沒法罷工——他們沒有這種實力。
Shrinking [?r??k??] v.縮水，收縮，縮小( shrink的現(xiàn)在分詞 )
1.At the same time on-the-job（在職的） training is shrinking.
2.All my jumpers have shrunk.我所有的套頭毛衣都縮水了
3.The department has been?shrinking?year by year because of budget cuts.這個部門因為預(yù)算削減而逐年萎縮。
Pursue [p??sju:] vt.尋求；追求
1.Taking time out later in life to pursue a formal qualification is an option, but it costs money and most colleges are geared towards youngsters.
2.There is another avenue to?pursue— it involves further negotiations.還有一個辦法可用，但需要進一步的磋商。
3.Students may?pursue?research in any aspect of computational linguistics.學(xué)生可以就計算語言學(xué)的任何一個方面展開研究。
Geared [g??d] vt.使適應(yīng)；(gear的過去式和過去分詞)
1.Taking time out later in life to pursue a formal qualification is an option, but it costsmoney and most colleges are geared towards youngsters.
2.My training was?geared?towards winning gold in Munich.我為了在慕尼黑奪取金牌而進行訓(xùn)練。
3.The factory was?geared?up to make 1,100 cars a day.工廠已經(jīng)可以日產(chǎn)1,100輛車。
Youngster [?j??st?(r)] n.年輕人；（尤指）少年，兒童
1.Taking time out later in life to pursue a formal qualification is an option, but it costs money and most colleges are geared towards（旨在；適合于) youngsters.
2.I was only a?youngster?in 1935. 1935年時我還只是個孩子。
3.I rode the?youngster?on my back.我讓小孩騎在背上.
Veered [v??d] v.（尤指交通工具）改變方向或路線( veer的過去式和過去分詞 )
1.Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have veered away from lectures on Plato or black holes in favour of courses that make their students more employable.
2.He is unlikely to veer from his boss's strongly held views.他不可能背離他老板的強硬立場。
3.He?veered?away from the most environmentally sound option.他放棄了對環(huán)境保護最有利的選擇方案。
Bestow [b??st??] vt.給予；贈與；授予；賜予
1.At Udacity and Coursera self-improvers pay for cheap, short programmes that bestow “microcredentials” and “nanodegrees” in, say, self-driving cars or the Android operating system.
2.The Queen has bestowed a knighthood on him.女王已經(jīng)授予他爵士頭銜。
3.He wished to?bestow?great honors upon the hero.他希望將那些偉大的榮譽授予這位英雄.
Microcredentials?(鏈接是該詞的實例解釋，非廣告)
micro+credentials [kr??den?lz] 資格證書;證明書
1.At Udacity and Coursera self-improvers pay for cheap, short programmes that bestow “microcredentials” and “nanodegrees” in, say, self-drivingcars orthe Android operating system.
2.His Republican?credentials?made him an asset.他作為共和黨人的資歷成了他的一筆財富。
3.Britain's new ambassador to Lebanon has presented his?credentials?to the President.英國駐黎巴嫩的新任大使已將國書遞交給總統(tǒng)。
Burnish [?b?:n??] vt.改善
1.By offering degrees online, universities are making it easier for professionals to burnish their skills.
2.Act well with vitamin B, can maintain the?burnish?of the hair.和維生素B一起作用, 可保持頭發(fā)的光澤.
3.Such bipartisanship will do something to?burnish?his reputation as a reformer.這樣的兩黨合作將對凸顯布什作為改革者的聲譽或有助益.
Demonstrate [?dem?nstre?t] vt.示范;演示
1.Such efforts demonstrate how to interleave(交替，轉(zhuǎn)換) careers and learning.
2.The BBC has just successfully demonstrated a new digital radio transmission system.英國廣播公司剛剛成功地演示了一套新的數(shù)字無線電傳輸系統(tǒng)。
3.The government's going to great lengths to?demonstrate?its military might.該政府正不遺余力地展示其軍事力量。
Nascent [?n?snt] adj.新興的;新生的
1.But left to its own devices, this nascent market will mainly serve those who already have advantages.
2.That slim book showed the Chinese intelligentsia and the?nascent?working class.那本小冊子講述了中國的知識界和新興的工人階級.
3.the still nascent science of psychology.方興未艾的心理學(xué)
Literacy [?l?t?r?si] 讀寫能力；
1.Online learning requires some IT literacy, yet one in four adults in the OECD(經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織) has no or limited experience of computers.
2.Many adults have some problems with?literacy?and numeracy.很多成年人在讀寫和計算方面都有困難。
3.Of course,?literacy?isn't the same thing as intelligence.當然，識字和智力是兩碼事。
Atrophy [??tr?fi] v.(事物的尺寸、程度、影響力等由于不使用或未受到保護而)變小，退化
1.Skills atrophy unless they are used, but many low-end jobs give workers little chance to practise them.
2.If you allow your mind to stagnate, this particular talent will?atrophy.如果你老不用腦，那么這一特殊才能就會退化。
3.Many hoped he would renew the country's atrophied political system.很多人都期望他能使該國萎靡的政治體系振作起來。
Radical [?r?d?kl] adj.激進的；激進派的
1.If new ways of learning are to help those who need them most, policymakers should be aiming for something far more radical.
2.This thesis led to a?radical?reshaping of Labour policies.這篇論文導(dǎo)致了工黨政策的徹底改變。
3.There will be a?radical?swing to the right or the left.這樣將出現(xiàn)極左或極右的情況。
Spill [sp?l] v. 灑出，涌出
1.Because education is a public good（公益事業(yè)） whose benefits spill over to all of society, government shave a vital role to play—not just by spending more, but also by spending wisely.
2.The?spill?could wipe out the Gulf's turtle population.這次原油泄漏可能會使波斯灣的海龜滅絕。
3.70,000 tonnes of oil spilled from the tanker.7 萬噸油從油輪中溢了出來。
Curriculum [k??r?kj?l?m] n.全部課程，課程；
1.The curriculum needs to teach children how to study and think.
2.All the schools have music and dancing as part of the?curriculum.所有學(xué)校都設(shè)有音樂和舞蹈課。
3.The national?curriculum?must be a guide, not a straitjacket.國家課程設(shè)置必須是指導(dǎo)性的，而不是約束性的。
Metacognition [me't?k?:gn???n] n.元認知
knowledge of your own thoughts and the factors that influenceyour thinking
1.A focus on “metacognition” will make them better at picking up skills later in life.
2.Moreover, the article advances some propositions to cultivate students?metacognition?ability.并進一步提出了一些關(guān)于如何培養(yǎng)中學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)元認知的建議.
Vouchers [?va?t??z] n.代金券;票券
1.One way is for citizens to receive vouchers that they can use to pay for training.
2.The winners will each receive a voucher for a pair of cinema tickets.獲勝者每人將會獲得兩張電影票的代金券。
3.This time we were given free?vouchers?to spend the night in a nearby hotel.這一次我們得到了在附近一家旅館入住的免費券.
Steering [?st??r??] v.指導(dǎo)
1.But industry can help by steering people towards the skills it wants and by working with MOOCs and colleges to design courses that are relevant.
2.The new government is seen as one that will?steer?the country in the right direction.新政府被認為能將國家引向正確的方向。
3.I think you are perfectly correct in trying to?steer?your mother towards increased independence.我認為你試圖引導(dǎo)你母親變得更加獨立是完全正確的。
Equip [??kw?p] vt.（尤指通過教育）使做好準備，使有能力，使有資格
1.AT&T, a telecoms firm which wants to equip its workforce with digital skills, spends $30m a year on reimbursing employees’ tuition costs.
2.A basic two-hour first aid course would?equip?you to deal with any of these incidents.兩小時的基礎(chǔ)急救課程能夠讓你有能力處理這類事件。
3.Relative poverty, however, did not prevent Martin from equipping himself with an excellent education.然而，較為貧困的狀況并沒有阻止馬丁讓自己接受一流的教育。
Reimbursing [?ri:?m?b?:s??] v.補償;賠償;向…償付
1.AT&T, a telecoms firm which wants to equip its workforce with digital skills, spends $30m a year on reimbursing employees’ tuition costs.
2.I'll be happy to reimburse you for any expenses you might have incurred...我將很樂意賠償您所發(fā)生的任何費用。
3.The funds are supposed to reimburse policyholders in the event of insurer failure.這項基金將在保險公司不能償付的情況下對投保人進行賠付。
Tuition [tju???n] n.（尤指大專院?；蛩搅W(xué)校的）學(xué)費(不可數(shù)名詞)
1.AT&T, a telecoms firm which wants to equip its workforce with digital skills, spends $30m a year on reimbursing employees’ tuition costs.
2.Angela's $7,000?tuition?at University this year will be paid for with scholarships.安杰拉將用獎學(xué)金支付今年 7,000 美元的大學(xué)學(xué)費。
Slash [sl??] vt.大量削減
1.To make all this training worthwhile, governments need to slash the licensing requirements and other barriers that make it hard for newcomers to enter occupations.
2.Everyone agrees that subsidies have to be slashed.所有人都同意必須大幅度削減補貼。
3.Car makers could be forced to?slash?prices after being accused of overcharging yesterday...昨天被指控要價太高之后，汽車生產(chǎn)商可能會被迫大幅度降價。
Barriers ['b?r??z] n.障礙；壁壘；阻礙( barrier的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )
1.To make all this training worthwhile, governments need to?slash?the licensing requirements and other barriers that make it hard for newcomers to enter occupations.
2.Duties and taxes are the most obvious barrier to free trade.關(guān)稅和稅收是自由貿(mào)易的最大壁壘。
3.These man-made?barriers?will ensure a very high degree of protection.這些人造屏障將會確保提供高度的保護。
Occupations [??kj?'pe??nz] n.職業(yè);工作( occupation的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )
1.To make all this training worthwhile, governments need to slash the licensing requirements and other barriers that make it hard for newcomers to enter occupations.
2.I suppose I was looking for an occupation which was going to be an adventure.我想我在找的是一份具有冒險性的工作。
3.He carried on several?occupations?at a time.他同時從事幾種職業(yè).
Navigate [?n?v?ge?t] vt.駕馭，成功應(yīng)付(困難處境)
1.Not everyone will successfully navigate the shifting jobs market.
2.This outlook helped her to?navigate?through her later years with success.這種觀念幫她安度了晚年。
3.During childhood each of us has to?navigate?a pathway through a series of developmental stages.我們每個人在童年時都要經(jīng)歷和應(yīng)對不同的成長階段。
Disruption [d?s'r?p?n] n.混亂
1.Those most at risk of technological disruption are men in blue-collar?(藍領(lǐng)）jobs, many of whom reject taking less “masculine” roles in fast-growing areas such as health care.
2.The rail strike is causing major disruptions at the country's ports.鐵路罷工使該國港口陷入了一片混亂。
3.The strike is expected to cause delays and?disruption?to flights from Britain.預(yù)計罷工將導(dǎo)致英國航班的延誤和中斷。
Masculine [?m?skj?l?n] adj.有男子氣概的;陽剛的;男子漢的
1.Those most at risk of technological disruption are men in?blue-collar?jobs, many of whom reject taking less “masculine” roles in fast-growing areas such as health care.
2.The Duke's study was very?masculine, with deep red wall-covering and dark oak shelving.公爵的書房頗具陽剛氣，深紅色墻紙，深色的橡木擱板。
Stunning [?st?n??] adj.令人驚奇萬分的;令人震驚的;極不尋常的
1.The 19th and 20th centuries saw stunning advances in education. That should be the scale of the ambition today.
2.The secret that the priest had confided to him was a?stunning?piece of news.神父吐露給他的秘密真是條驚天大新聞。
3.The minister resigned last night after a?stunning?defeat in Sunday's vote...在周日的選舉中意外慘敗后，部長于昨晚辭職。
