Around the Moon with NASA’s First Launch of SLS with Orion（原文鏈接）
"阿耳忒彌斯1號(hào)"深空探索計(jì)劃介紹（英文翻譯）
原文：
Artemis I, formerly Exploration Mission-1, will be the first integrated test of NASA’s deep space exploration systems: the Orion spacecraft, Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and the ground systems at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The first in a series of increasingly complex missions, Artemis I will be an uncrewed flight test that will provide a foundation for human deep space exploration, and demonstrate our commitment and capability to extend human existence to the Moon and beyond.
During this flight, the spacecraft will launch on the most powerful rocket in the world and fly farther than any spacecraft built for humans has ever flown. It will travel 280,000 miles from Earth, thousands of miles beyond the Moon over the course of about a four to six-week mission. Orion will stay in space longer than any ship for astronauts has done without docking to a space station and return home faster and hotter than ever before.
“This is a mission that truly will do what hasn’t been done and learn what isn’t known,” said Mike Sarafin, Artemis I mission manager at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “It will blaze a trail that people will follow on the next Orion flight, pushing the edges of the envelope to prepare for that mission.”
翻譯：
“阿耳忒彌斯1號(hào)”(前身為“探索任務(wù)1號(hào)”)是美國(guó)宇航局(NASA)的深空探索項(xiàng)目——由獵戶座(Orion)飛船、太空發(fā)射系統(tǒng)(SLS)火箭以及位于佛州卡納維拉爾角的肯尼迪航天中心(Kennedy Space Center )地面系統(tǒng)共同而組成的首次綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)。這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)也是一系列日漸復(fù)雜任務(wù)中的第一個(gè)任務(wù)，“阿耳忒彌斯1號(hào)”將成為人類深空探索歷史上具有里程碑意義的無(wú)人駕駛飛行實(shí)驗(yàn)，同時(shí)也展示了NASA把人類的生存空間延伸到月球及其他星球的承諾和能力。
在這次飛行中，“獵戶座”號(hào)將搭載世界上最強(qiáng)大的火箭發(fā)射升空，飛行距離比所有載人航天器都要遠(yuǎn)。它將在距離地球28萬(wàn)英里的地方航行，在4到6周的任務(wù)期間飛越月球以外數(shù)千英里的地方?！矮C戶座”號(hào)在太空中停留的時(shí)間比所有沒有和空間站對(duì)接的航天器都長(zhǎng)，返回速度和承受溫度的挑戰(zhàn)也是前所未有的。
“這是一個(gè)真正能夠挑戰(zhàn)未知的任務(wù)，”位于華盛頓NASA總部的“阿耳忒彌斯1號(hào)”項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理邁克 · 薩拉芬(Mike Sarafin)說(shuō)?！八鼘椤矮C戶座”號(hào)下一次載人飛行開辟一條道路，并通過(guò)這次任務(wù)拓寬人類認(rèn)知的領(lǐng)域?！?/p>
原文：
Leaving Earth
SLS and Orion will blast off from Launch Complex 39B at NASA’s modernized spaceport at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The SLS rocket is designed for missions beyond low-Earth orbit carrying crew or cargo to the Moon and beyond, and will produce 8.8 million pounds of thrust during liftoff and ascent to loft a vehicle weighing nearly six million pounds to orbit. Propelled by a pair of five segment boosters and four RS-25 engines, the rocket will reach the period of greatest atmospheric force within ninety seconds. After jettisoning the boosters, service module panels, and launch abort system, the core stage engines will shut down and the core stage will separate from the spacecraft.
As the spacecraft makes an orbit of Earth, it will deploy its solar arrays and the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS) will give Orion the big push needed to leave Earth’s orbit and travel toward the Moon. From there, Orion will separate from the ICPS within about two hours after launch. The ICPS will then deploy a number of small satellites, known as CubeSats, to perform several experiments and technology demonstrations.
翻譯：
離開地球
SLS和“獵戶座”號(hào)將從位于佛羅里達(dá)州肯尼迪航天中心的NASA現(xiàn)代化航天港39B發(fā)射升空。 SLS火箭設(shè)計(jì)用于近地軌道以外的任務(wù)，將機(jī)組人員或貨物運(yùn)送到月球和更遠(yuǎn)的地方，在升空和上升過(guò)程中，將產(chǎn)生880萬(wàn)磅的推力，將一架重近600萬(wàn)磅的飛行器送入軌道。 由一對(duì)五段助推器和四臺(tái)RS-25發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)推動(dòng)，火箭在90秒內(nèi)能進(jìn)入到最大推力時(shí)期。在丟棄助推器、服務(wù)模塊板和發(fā)射中止器之后，主發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)將停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)并與航天器分離。
當(dāng)航天器進(jìn)入地球軌道時(shí)，它將展開太陽(yáng)能面板，臨時(shí)低溫推進(jìn)級(jí)(ICPS)將給予“獵戶座”號(hào)離開地球軌道前往月球所需的巨大推力。“獵戶座”號(hào)將在發(fā)射后兩小時(shí)內(nèi)與 ICPS 分離。ICPS 隨后將部署一些被稱為“立方體微衛(wèi)星”的小型衛(wèi)星，以進(jìn)行一些實(shí)驗(yàn)和技術(shù)演示。
原文：
On to the Moon
As Orion continues on its path from Earth orbit to the Moon, it will be propelled by a service module provided by the European Space Agency, which will supply the spacecraft’s main propulsion system and power (as well as house air and water for astronauts on future missions). Orion will pass through the Van Allen radiation belts, fly past the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite constellation and above communication satellites in Earth orbit. To talk with mission control in Houston, Orion will switch from NASA’s Tracking and Data Relay Satellites system and communicate through the Deep Space Network. From here, Orion will continue to demonstrate its unique design to navigate, communicate, and operate in a deep space environment.
The outbound trip to the Moon will take several days, during which time engineers will evaluate the spacecraft’s systems and, as needed, correct its trajectory. Orion will fly about 62 miles (100 km) above the surface of the Moon, and then use the Moon’s gravitational force to propel Orion into a new deep retrograde, or opposite, orbit about 40,000 miles (70,000 km) from the Moon.
The spacecraft will stay in that orbit for approximately six days to collect data and allow mission controllers to assess the performance of the spacecraft. During this period, Orion will travel in a direction around the Moon retrograde from the direction the Moon travels around Earth.
翻譯：
繞月飛行
在“獵戶座”號(hào)離開地球軌道前往月球的路徑中，將由歐洲航天局(ESA)提供驅(qū)動(dòng)服務(wù)模塊，該模塊將為航天器提供主要推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)和動(dòng)力(以及為未來(lái)任務(wù)中的宇航員提供空氣和水)。 “獵戶座”號(hào)將飛范艾倫輻射帶、全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）星座以及地球軌道上的通信衛(wèi)星帶。 為了保持與休斯頓的任務(wù)控制中心的通訊，“獵戶座”號(hào)將切換到NASA的跟蹤數(shù)據(jù)中繼衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)深空網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Deep Space Network)進(jìn)行通信。 從這里開始，“獵戶座”號(hào)將繼續(xù)展示其獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)，在深空環(huán)境中導(dǎo)航、交流和操作。
前往月球的旅程將需要幾天時(shí)間，在此期間，工程師將評(píng)估航天器的系統(tǒng)，并在需要時(shí)糾正其運(yùn)行軌道?！矮C戶座”號(hào)將在月球表面上空飛行62英里(100公里) ，然后利用月球引力反向推動(dòng)“獵戶座”號(hào)進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的逆行軌道，距離月球約有4萬(wàn)英里(7萬(wàn)公里)。
航天器將在該軌道停留大約6天收集數(shù)據(jù)，并允許任務(wù)控制員評(píng)估航天器的性能。 在此期間，“獵戶座”號(hào)將沿著圍繞月球的方向，從月球圍繞地球的方向逆行。
原文：
Return and Reentry
For its return trip to Earth, Orion will do another close flyby that takes the spacecraft within about 60 miles of the Moon’s surface, the spacecraft will use another precisely timed engine firing of the European-provided service module in conjunction with the Moon’s gravity to accelerate back toward Earth. This maneuver will set the spacecraft on its trajectory back toward Earth to enter our planet’s atmosphere traveling at 25,000 mph (11 kilometers per second), producing temperatures of approximately 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit (2,760 degrees Celsius) – faster and hotter than Orion experienced during its 2014 flight test.
After about three weeks and a total distance traveled exceeding 1.3 million miles, the mission will end with a test of Orion’s capability to return safely to the Earth as the spacecraft makes a precision landing within eyesight of the recovery ship off the coast of Baja, California. Following splashdown, Orion will remain powered for a period of time as divers from the U.S. Navy and operations teams from NASA’s Exploration Ground Systems approach in small boats from the waiting recovery ship. The divers will briefly inspect the spacecraft for hazards and hook up tending and tow lines, and then engineers will tow the capsule into the well-deck of the recovery ship to bring the spacecraft home.
翻譯：
返回地面
為了返回地球，“獵戶座”號(hào)將進(jìn)行另一次近距離飛行，將航天器帶到離月球表面約60英里的地方，航天器將使用歐洲提供的另一個(gè)精確定時(shí)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，結(jié)合月球的重力加速返回地球。 這一動(dòng)作將使航天器回到地球的軌道上，并以25000英里/小時(shí)（每秒11公里）的速度進(jìn)入地球的大氣層，產(chǎn)生約5000華氏度（2760攝氏度）的溫度，比“獵戶座”號(hào)在2014年飛行測(cè)試中所經(jīng)歷的速度和溫度還快。
經(jīng)過(guò)大約三個(gè)星期，總行程超過(guò)130萬(wàn)英里，在任務(wù)結(jié)束時(shí)將測(cè)試“獵戶座”號(hào)飛船安全返回地球的能力，飛船將在加利福尼亞州巴哈海岸附近的回收船的視線范圍內(nèi)精準(zhǔn)著陸。落入海中的“獵戶座”號(hào)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)仍保持動(dòng)力，此時(shí)美國(guó)海軍的潛水員和NASA探索地面系統(tǒng)的行動(dòng)小組從等待中的回收船上乘坐小船接近它。潛水員簡(jiǎn)要地檢查航天器是否存在危險(xiǎn)后，用牽引線把它們連接起來(lái)，然后工程師把太空艙拖到回收船的井甲板上，把航天器帶回家。
原文：
Future Missions
With this first exploration mission, NASA is leading the next steps of human exploration into deep space where astronauts will build and begin testing the systems near the Moon needed for lunar surface missions and exploration to other destinations farther from Earth, including Mars. The second flight will take crew on a different trajectory and test Orion’s critical systems with humans aboard. The SLS rocket will evolve from an initial configuration capable of sending more than 26 metric tons to the Moon, to a final configuration that can send at least 45 metric tons. Together, Orion, SLS and the ground systems at Kennedy will be able to meet the most challenging crew and cargo mission needs in deep space.
Future exploration missions with crew aboard Orion will assemble and dock with a Gateway. NASA and its partners will use the gateway for deep-space operations including missions to and on the Moon with decreasing reliance on the Earth. Using lunar orbit, we will gain the experience necessary to extend human exploration farther into the solar system than ever before.
翻譯：
未來(lái)使命
通過(guò)首次月球探索任務(wù)，NASA即將引領(lǐng)人類走向探索深空的下一步行動(dòng)，宇航員將在月球附近建造并開始測(cè)試月球表面任務(wù)所需的系統(tǒng)，并探索離地球更遠(yuǎn)的其他目的地，包括火星。 第二次飛行會(huì)攜帶機(jī)組人員進(jìn)入不同的軌道，并在載人的情況下測(cè)試“獵戶座”號(hào)的關(guān)鍵系統(tǒng)。 SLS火箭將從能夠向月球發(fā)射超過(guò)26公噸的初始配置發(fā)展到至少45公噸的最終配置。 “獵戶座”號(hào)、SLS和肯尼迪地面系統(tǒng)將共同滿足深空中最具挑戰(zhàn)性的客運(yùn)和貨運(yùn)的任務(wù)需求。
未來(lái)的探索任務(wù)還包括由“獵戶座”號(hào)上的宇航員完成網(wǎng)關(guān)(Gateway)的組裝和對(duì)接。 NASA及其合作伙伴將利用這一門戶進(jìn)行深空作業(yè)，包括登月和月面任務(wù)，減少人類對(duì)地球的依賴。 利用月球軌道我們將獲得所需的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，使人類的探索比以往任何時(shí)候都更加深入太陽(yáng)系。
