Merriam-Webster's Vocabulary Builder 詞根筆記（3）BELL

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學習指南：

1.每篇文章介紹一個詞根及四個含有詞根的單詞

2.單詞的詳細內(nèi)容包括音標、定義、例句及解釋

BELL?comes from the Latin word meaning "war."?Bellona?was the little-known Roman goddess of war; her husband, Mars, was the god of war.

BELL來自拉丁詞，意思是“戰(zhàn)爭”。?Bellona?是鮮為人知的羅馬戰(zhàn)爭女神， 她的丈夫，Mars，是戰(zhàn)爭之神。

1.antebellum/??nti?bel?m/

Existing before a war, especially before the American Civil War (1861—65).（美國南北） 戰(zhàn)爭前的

When World War I was over, the French nobility（貴族(階層)）found it impossible to return to their extravagant（奢侈的） antebellum way of life.

Even countries that win a war often end up worse off than they had been before, and the losers almost always do. So?antebellum often summons up（喚起;使想起） images of ease, elegance, and entertainment that disappeared in the postwar（戰(zhàn)后的） years.?In the American South, the antebellum way of life depended on a social structure, based on slavery, that collapsed after the Civil War; Margaret Mitchell's?Gone with the Wind（飄）?shows the nostalgia（(尤指對極幸福時光的)懷念;懷舊;念舊）and bitterness felt by wealthy Southerners after the war more than the relief and anticipation（期盼） experienced by those released from slavery. In Europe, World War I shattered the grand life of the upper classes, even in victorious France and Britain, and changed society hugely in the space of just four years.

2.bellicose/?bel?k??s?$ -ko?s/

Warlike, aggressive, quarrelsome.好斗的；好戰(zhàn)的；好爭吵的

The more bellicose party always got elected whenever there was tension along the border and the public believed that military action would lead to security.

Since bellicose?describes an attitude that hopes for actual war, the word is generally?applied to nations and their leaders. In the 20th century, it was commonly used to describe such figures as Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm, Italy's Benito Mussolini, and Japan's General Tojo,?leaders who believed their countries had everything to gain by starting wars. The international relations of a nation with a?bellicose foreign policy?tend to be stormy and difficult, and?bellicosity?usually makes the rest of the world very uneasy.

3.belligerence/b??l???r?ns/?

Aggressiveness, combativeness.形容詞belligerent（人）好戰(zhàn)的，好斗的，尋釁的

The belligerence in Turner's voice told them that the warning was a serious threat.

Unlike?bellicose?and?bellicosity, the word?belligerence?can be used at every level from the personal to the global. The belligerence of Marlon Brando's（馬龍·白蘭度）performances as the violent Stanley Kowalski in A Streetcar Named Desire（《欲望號街車》） electrified（使極為興奮;使激動不已） the country in the1940s and '50s. At the same time,?belligerent speeches?by leaders of the Soviet Union（蘇聯(lián)） and the United States throughout the Cold War were keeping the world on edge.?Belligerent is even a noun; the terrible war in the Congo（剛果） in recent years, for example, has involved seven nations as belligerents（交戰(zhàn)國；交戰(zhàn)方）.

4.rebellion/r??belj?n/

Open defiance（違抗;蔑視;挑戰(zhàn)） and opposition, sometimes armed, to a person or thing in authority.謀反；叛亂；反叛

A student rebellion that afternoon in Room13 resulted in the new substitute teacher racing out of the building in tears.

Plenty of teenagers rebel against their parents?in all kinds of ways. But?a rebellion usually involves agroup. Armed rebellions are usually put down by a country's armed forces, or at least kept from expanding beyond a small area. The American War of Independence was first viewed by the British as a minor rebellion that would soon?run its course（按常規(guī)發(fā)展）, but this particular rebellion led to a full-fledged（羽翼豐滿；成熟的） revolution—that is,the overthrow（推翻） of a government.?Rebellion, armed or otherwise, has often alerted those in power that those they control are very unhappy.