KVO(Key-Value observing):是蘋果提供的一套事件通知機制.允許對象監(jiān)聽另一個對象特定屬性的改變,并在屬性發(fā)生改變時接收到事件.由于KVO的實現(xiàn)機制,所以對屬性才會發(fā)生作用;一般繼承自NSObject的對象都默認支持KVO.KVO是iOS中觀察者模式的一種實現(xiàn).KVO是一對一的,而不是一對多.
使用規(guī)則:
1.[obj addObserver:<#(nonnull NSObject *)#> forKeyPath:<#(nonnull NSString *)#> options:<#(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)#> context:<#(nullable void *)#>];
obj:添加觀察者(被觀察對象)
參數(shù)1:觀察者
參數(shù)2:被觀察的屬性
參數(shù)3://NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew :得到新值時就會走我們的KVO方法.change字典中的key值就是new;
//NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld:有舊值出現(xiàn)時就會觸發(fā)我們的kvo方法,并且我們得到的change中的key為old,old對應的值為我們的舊值,并得不到新值.
//NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial:初始化時就會走我們的方法,但是我們并得不到任何新值舊值,他會在初始化的時候走一次kvo方法,等值改變時也會走我們的方法,只是得不到新或者舊值.
//NSKeyValueObservingOptionPrior:觸發(fā)時機在值改變前走一次方法,改變后又走一次我們的kvo方法.
//組合使用:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew &NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld有新值并且有舊值的出現(xiàn),才能走我們的kvo方法.
2.誰作為觀察者 誰就去實現(xiàn)這個kvo的方法
-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change context:(void *)context{}
3.誰添加誰移除,你讓誰去看,或者說是觀察,你就移除誰. key就是你的觀察的屬性名
[self removeObserver:self.wsP forKeyPath:@"xx"];
4.kvo監(jiān)聽到數(shù)據(jù)變化時走的方法.他和添加監(jiān)聽者是成對出現(xiàn)的.一定不要落下
KVO本質總結:
- KVO是通過isa-swizzling技術實現(xiàn)的.在運行時根據(jù)原類創(chuàng)建一個中間類,這個中間類是原類的子類,并動態(tài)修改當前對象的isa指向中間類.并且將class方法重寫,返回原類的Class.所以蘋果建議在開發(fā)中不應該依賴isa指針,而是通過class實例方法來獲取對象類型.
KVO會重寫keyPath對應屬性的setter方法,沒有被KVO的屬性則不會重寫其setter方法.在重寫的setter方法中,修改值之前會調用willChangeValueForKey:方法,修改值之后會調用didChangeValueForKey:方法.這兩個方法最終都會被調用到observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context:方法中.
(以WSPerson/age為例):
1.當wsP注冊一個觀察者添加KVO監(jiān)聽時,系統(tǒng)會修改這個對象的isa指針指向.KVO在運行時會動態(tài)生成一個新的子類:NSKVONotifying_WSPerson類(self.wsP.isa =NSKVONotifying_WSPerson),然后讓instance對象的isa指針指向這個全新的子類,內部實現(xiàn)Class重寫操作.這個全新子類的類對象的superclass指針才指向了WSPerson.
2.NSKVONotifying_WSPerson重寫了setAge:方法.當調用setAge:方法的時候,通過查看IMP地址,實際上調用的是Foundation框架里的_NSSetIntValueAndNotify函數(shù).//NSLog(@"%p",[self.wsP methodForSelector:@selector(setAge:)]) //--> 0x1ae1c6120 --> p (IMP)0x1ae1c6120 --> (IMP) $0 = 0x00000001ae1c6120 (Foundation`_NSSetIntValueAndNotify)
3._NSSetIntValueAndNotify函數(shù)里面先是調用了[self willChangeValueForKey:@"age"] -> [super setAge:age]->[self didChangeValueForKey:@"age"];,然后在didChangeValueForKey:方法內部又會調用監(jiān)聽器的observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context:監(jiān)聽方法.
4.重寫屏蔽內部實現(xiàn) 隱藏了NSKVONotifying_WSPerson類的存在
-(Class)class{
return [WSPerson class];
}// NSLog(@"wsP進行kvo的類對象===%@ ==%s",[self.wsP class] ,object_getClassName(self.wsP)); --> wsP進行kvo的類對象===WSPerson ==NSKVONotifying_WSPerson
演示代碼
ViewController.h
//
// ViewController.h
// wsKVO
//
// Created by ws on 2021/6/4.
//
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface ViewController : UIViewController
@end
ViewController.m
//
// ViewController.m
// wsKVO
//
// Created by ws on 2021/6/4.
//
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "WSPerson.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>//包含對類、成員變量、屬性、方法的操作
@interface ViewController ()
@property(nonatomic,strong)WSPerson *wsP;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *myBtn;
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *wsTestStr0;
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *wsTestStr1;
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *wsTestStr2;
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSMutableArray *wsArray;
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSMutableArray *wsArray1;
@end
@implementation ViewController
-(NSMutableArray *)wsArray{
if (!_wsArray) {
_wsArray = [NSMutableArray array];
}
return _wsArray;
}
-(NSMutableArray *)wsArray1{
if (!_wsArray1) {
_wsArray1 = [NSMutableArray array];
}
return _wsArray1;
}
-(WSPerson *)wsP{
if (!_wsP) {
_wsP = [[WSPerson alloc] init];
}
return _wsP;
}
-(UIButton *)myBtn{
if (!_myBtn) {
_myBtn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
[_myBtn setBackgroundColor:[UIColor cyanColor]];
_myBtn.bounds = CGRectMake(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 100.0);
_myBtn.center = self.view.center;
[_myBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(myBtnClickAction) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
}
return _myBtn;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// [self ws_getMethodsAction];//獲取進行kvo對象的方法列表
[self.view addSubview:self.myBtn];
NSLog(@"進行kvo之前的類對象==%s",object_getClassName(self.wsP));//進行kvo的類對象==WSPerson
//自動監(jiān)聽wsTestStr0屬性的變化
[self addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"wsTestStr0" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
//自動監(jiān)聽wsTestStr1屬性的變化
[self addObserver:self.wsP forKeyPath:@"wsTestStr1" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
//手動監(jiān)聽wsTestStr1屬性的變化
[self addObserver:self.wsP forKeyPath:@"wsTestStr2" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
//自動監(jiān)聽wsArray數(shù)組屬性的變化
[self addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"wsArray" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
//自動監(jiān)聽wsArray1數(shù)組屬性的變化
[self addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"wsArray1" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
//自動監(jiān)聽wsP.age屬性的變化
//此處控制器打印 p self.wsP.isa結果 ----> WSPerson
[self.wsP addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"age" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
//此處控制器打印 p self.wsP.isa結果 ----> NSKVONotifying_WSPerson
NSLog(@"wsP進行kvo的類對象===%@ ==%s",[self.wsP class] ,object_getClassName(self.wsP));//wsP進行kvo的類對象===WSPerson ==NSKVONotifying_WSPerson
//查看IMP地址
NSLog(@"%p",[self.wsP methodForSelector:@selector(setAge:)]);
// [self ws_getMethodsAction];//獲取進行kvo對象的方法列表
}
#pragma mark 監(jiān)聽wsTestStr0的變化
//誰作為觀察者 誰就去實現(xiàn)這個kvo的方法
-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change context:(void *)context{
if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"wsTestStr0"]) {
NSLog(@"wsTestStr0/字典 == %@",change);
}else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"wsArray"]) {
NSLog(@"wsArray/字典 == %@",change);
}else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"wsArray1"]) {
NSLog(@"wsArray1/字典 == %@",change);
}else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"age"]){
NSLog(@"age ==%@",change);
}
}
#pragma mark 測試按鈕點擊事件
-(void)myBtnClickAction{
//自動監(jiān)聽wsTestStr0
self.wsTestStr0 = @"自動監(jiān)聽wsTestStr0";
//自動監(jiān)聽wsTestStr1
self.wsTestStr1 = @"自動監(jiān)聽wsTestStr1";
/**
手動監(jiān)聽wsTestStr2:
步驟1.執(zhí)行willChangeValueForKey和didChangeValueForKey
步驟2.重寫automaticallyNotifiesObserversForKey 把key等于wsTestStr2的屬性返回NO
*/
[self willChangeValueForKey:@"wsTestStr2"];
self.wsTestStr2 = @"手動監(jiān)聽wsTestStr2";
[self didChangeValueForKey:@"wsTestStr2"];
//自動監(jiān)聽(集合)數(shù)組變化的兩種方式:
//方式1:需要重寫系統(tǒng)自動生成的兩個方法--插入和刪除,而且兩個方法必須同時寫.這樣數(shù)組內容發(fā)生改變的時候才會走監(jiān)聽的方法
[self insertObject:@"1" inWsArrayAtIndex:self.wsArray.count];
//方式2:通過mutableArrayValueForKeyPath 方法可以不用重寫他的 增刪改方法. 當數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)生改變的時候 也能觸發(fā)KVO方法
[[self mutableArrayValueForKeyPath:@"wsArray1"] addObject:@"11"];
//自動監(jiān)聽wsP.age
self.wsP.age = 10;
}
//重寫插入方法
-(void)insertObject:(id)object inWsArrayAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index{
[self.wsArray insertObject:object atIndex:index];
}
//重寫刪除方法
-(void)removeObjectFromWsArrayAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index{
[self.wsArray removeObjectAtIndex:index];
}
//重寫替換方法
-(void)replaceObjectInWsArrayAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withObject:(id)object{
[self.wsArray replaceObjectAtIndex:index withObject:object];
}
//默認返回YES,自動監(jiān)聽
+(BOOL)automaticallyNotifiesObserversForKey:(NSString *)key{
if ([key isEqualToString:@"wsTestStr1"]) {
//自動監(jiān)聽
return YES;
}else if ([key isEqualToString:@"wsTestStr2"]) {
//手動監(jiān)聽
return NO;
}else{
//wsTestStr0 wsArray
return YES;
}
}
#pragma mark 獲取進行kvo對象的方法列表
-(void)ws_getMethodsAction{
//獲取函數(shù)數(shù)組
Class wsClass = self.wsP.class;
unsigned int wsCount = 0;
Method *wsMethodArray = class_copyMethodList(wsClass, &wsCount);
for (int i = 0; i < wsCount; i++) {
SEL methodName = method_getName(wsMethodArray[i]);
NSString *wsMethodNameStr = NSStringFromSelector(methodName);
NSLog(@"--%@",wsMethodNameStr);//setXX: XX
}
//c語言創(chuàng)建 手動移除
free(wsMethodArray);
}
-(void)dealloc{
//誰添加誰移除,你讓誰去看,或者說是觀察,你就移除誰. key就是你的觀察的屬性名
[self removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"wsTestStr0"];
[self removeObserver:self.wsP forKeyPath:@"wsTestStr1"];
[self removeObserver:self.wsP forKeyPath:@"wsTestStr2"];
[self removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"wsArray"];
[self removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"wsArray1"];
[self.wsP removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"age"];
}
@end
WSPerson.h
//
// WSPerson.h
// wsKVO
//
// Created by ws on 2021/6/4.
//
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@interface WSPerson : NSObject
@property(nonatomic,assign)int age;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
WSPerson.m
//
// WSPerson.m
// wsKVO
//
// Created by ws on 2021/6/4.
//
#import "WSPerson.h"
@implementation WSPerson
//誰作為觀察者 誰就去實現(xiàn)這個kvo的方法
-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change context:(void *)context{
if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"wsTestStr1"]) {
NSLog(@"自動觸發(fā)wsTestStr1/字典 == %@",change);
}else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"wsTestStr2"]){
NSLog(@"手動觸發(fā)wsTestStr2/字典 == %@",change);
}
}
@end

kvo前后isa指向對比.png

kvo前后setAge的imp對比.png