前言
最近讀了spring-boot開發(fā)手冊(cè),spring-boot相比于spring-mvc封裝了很多常用的依賴,并且內(nèi)置了tomcat容器,啟動(dòng)生成的jar包即可啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目,也是目前流行的微服務(wù)常用框架。本文主要用到了spring-boot,以及mybatis,數(shù)據(jù)庫用到了mysql。
源碼下載
準(zhǔn)備工作
1.首先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)表:
CREATE TABLE `t_user` (
`USER_ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`USER_NAME` char(30) NOT NULL,
`USER_PASSWORD` char(10) NOT NULL,
`USER_EMAIL` char(30) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`USER_ID`),
KEY `IDX_NAME` (`USER_NAME`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=11 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
插入一些數(shù)據(jù):
INSERT INTO t_user (USER_ID, USER_NAME, USER_PASSWORD, USER_EMAIL) VALUES (1, '林炳文', '1234567@', 'ling20081005@126.com');
INSERT INTO t_user (USER_ID, USER_NAME, USER_PASSWORD, USER_EMAIL) VALUES (2, 'evan', '123', 'fff@126.com');
INSERT INTO t_user (USER_ID, USER_NAME, USER_PASSWORD, USER_EMAIL) VALUES (3, 'kaka', 'cadg', 'fwsfg@126.com');
INSERT INTO t_user (USER_ID, USER_NAME, USER_PASSWORD, USER_EMAIL) VALUES (4, 'simle', 'cscs', 'fsaf@126.com');
INSERT INTO t_user (USER_ID, USER_NAME, USER_PASSWORD, USER_EMAIL) VALUES (5, 'arthur', 'csas', 'fsaff@126.com');
INSERT INTO t_user (USER_ID, USER_NAME, USER_PASSWORD, USER_EMAIL) VALUES (6, '小德', 'yuh78', 'fdfas@126.com');
INSERT INTO t_user (USER_ID, USER_NAME, USER_PASSWORD, USER_EMAIL) VALUES (7, '小小', 'cvff', 'fsaf@126.com');
INSERT INTO t_user (USER_ID, USER_NAME, USER_PASSWORD, USER_EMAIL) VALUES (8, '林林之家', 'gvv', 'lin@126.com');
INSERT INTO t_user (USER_ID, USER_NAME, USER_PASSWORD, USER_EMAIL) VALUES (9, '林炳文Evankaka', 'dfsc', 'ling2008@126.com');
INSERT INTO t_user (USER_ID, USER_NAME, USER_PASSWORD, USER_EMAIL) VALUES (10, 'apple', 'uih6', 'ff@qq.com');
創(chuàng)建工程
我習(xí)慣于先創(chuàng)建好maven項(xiàng)目,構(gòu)建目錄再導(dǎo)入到編譯器中,這樣的好處就是搭建好一個(gè)腳手架模板,后面改改參數(shù)就可以用到各個(gè)工程里面。
構(gòu)建pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>testSpringBoot</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>testSpringBoot</name>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入thymelaf 則不需要引入web依賴,若不需要thymelaf則需要添加spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- 要使生成的jar可運(yùn)行,需要加入此插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
工程目錄
創(chuàng)建的文件目錄如圖:

啟動(dòng)器以及controller
(1) 啟動(dòng)器
在com.boot(即最外層目錄文件)下寫一個(gè)如下main方法:
package com.boot;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
(2)controller
在com.boot.web下創(chuàng)建一個(gè)類如下:
package com.boot.web;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class MainController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
String home() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}
(3)啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目
找到com.boot下的Application以java Application方式啟動(dòng),然后打開瀏覽器輸入localhost:8080就會(huì)出現(xiàn)Hello World!

添加java代碼
(1)User.java
對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫中表的字段,放在src/main/java下的包c(diǎn)om.boot.domain
package com.boot.domain;
public class User {
private Integer userId;
private String userName;
private String userPassword;
private String userEmail;
public Integer getUserId() {
return userId;
}
public void setUserId(Integer userId) {
this.userId = userId;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getUserPassword() {
return userPassword;
}
public void setUserPassword(String userPassword) {
this.userPassword = userPassword;
}
public String getUserEmail() {
return userEmail;
}
public void setUserEmail(String userEmail) {
this.userEmail = userEmail;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [userId=" + userId + ", userName=" + userName
+ ", userPassword=" + userPassword + ", userEmail=" + userEmail
+ "]";
}
}
(2)UserDao.java
Dao接口類,用來對(duì)應(yīng)mapper文件。放在src/main/java下的包c(diǎn)om.lin.dao,內(nèi)容如下:
package com.boot.dao;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import com.boot.domain.User;
@Mapper
public interface UserDao {
public User selectUserById(Integer userId);
}
(3)UserService.java和UserServiceImpl.java
service接口類和實(shí)現(xiàn)類,放在src/main/java下的包c(diǎn)om.lin.service,內(nèi)容如下:
UserService.java
package com.boot.service;
import com.boot.domain.User;
public interface UserService {
User selectUserById(Integer userId);
}
UserServiceImpl.java
package com.boot.service.impl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.boot.dao.UserDao;
import com.boot.domain.User;
import com.boot.service.UserService;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public User selectUserById(Integer userId) {
return userDao.selectUserById(userId);
}
}
(4)mapper文件
用來和dao文件對(duì)應(yīng),放在src/main/resources中的com/boot/mapper目錄下

UserMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.boot.dao.UserDao">
<!--設(shè)置domain類和數(shù)據(jù)庫中表的字段一一對(duì)應(yīng),注意數(shù)據(jù)庫字段和domain類中的字段名稱不致,此處一定要!-->
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.boot.domain.User">
<id column="USER_ID" property="userId" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
<result column="USER_NAME" property="userName" jdbcType="CHAR" />
<result column="USER_PASSWORD" property="userPassword" jdbcType="CHAR" />
<result column="USER_EMAIL" property="userEmail" jdbcType="CHAR" />
</resultMap>
<!-- 查詢單條記錄 -->
<select id="selectUserById" parameterType="int" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
SELECT * FROM t_user WHERE USER_ID = #{userId}
</select>
</mapper>
資源配置
下列所有文件均在src/main/resources目錄下
(1)spring-boot配置
不少人都Properties資源文件來配置,不過這種文件在eclipse編碼的默認(rèn)設(shè)置是ISO-8859-1,需要修改eclipse的設(shè)置才能顯示中文。因此我比較喜歡用yml文件來配置,一個(gè)是結(jié)構(gòu)明顯,另外一個(gè)不用考慮編碼的問題。
application.yml
spring:
thymeleaf:
mode: HTML5
encoding: UTF-8
content-type: text/html
# 開發(fā)禁用緩存
cache: false
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmDb?characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: password
# 可省略驅(qū)動(dòng)配置, sprin-boot 會(huì)由url檢測(cè)出驅(qū)動(dòng)類型
# driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
hikari:
connection-timeout: 60000
mybatis:
mapperLocations: classpath:com/boot/mapper/*.xml
typeAliasesPackage: cn.boot.domain
# spring-boot默認(rèn)打印輸出info級(jí)別以上的,可在此處修改輸出級(jí)別
logging:
level:
root: info
(2)日志打印logback-spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
<!-- 控制臺(tái)輸出 -->
<appender name="stdout" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%date [%thread] %-5level %logger{80} - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<!-- 時(shí)間滾動(dòng)輸出 level為 INFO 日志 -->
<appender name="file-info" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
<level>INFO</level>
<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
<onMismatch>DENY </onMismatch>
</filter>
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<FileNamePattern>./logs/info.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</FileNamePattern>
<MaxHistory>30</MaxHistory>
</rollingPolicy>
<encoder>
<pattern>%date [%thread] %-5level %logger{80} - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<!-- 時(shí)間滾動(dòng)輸出 level為 DEBUG 日志 -->
<appender name="file-debug" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
<level>DEBUG</level>
<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
<onMismatch>DENY </onMismatch>
</filter>
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<FileNamePattern>./logs/debug.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</FileNamePattern>
<MaxHistory>30</MaxHistory>
</rollingPolicy>
<encoder>
<pattern>%date [%thread] %-5level %logger{80} - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<!-- 時(shí)間滾動(dòng)輸出 level為 ERROR 日志 -->
<appender name="file—error" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
<level>ERROR</level>
<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
<onMismatch>DENY </onMismatch>
</filter>
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<FileNamePattern>./logs/error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</FileNamePattern>
<MaxHistory>30</MaxHistory>
</rollingPolicy>
<encoder>
<pattern>%date [%thread] %-5level %logger{80} - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<logger name="org.apache.ibatis" level="INFO"/>
<logger name="java.sql.Connection" level="debug" />
<logger name="java.sql.Statement" level="debug" />
<logger name="java.sql.PreparedStatement" level="debug" />
<root level="info">
<appender-ref ref="stdout" />
<appender-ref ref="file-info" />
</root>
</configuration>
單元測(cè)試
spring-boot單元測(cè)試只需引入spring-boot-starter-test即可,里面集成了Junit以及Spring Test & Spring Boot Test等依賴。

(1)測(cè)試基類
package com.boot.baseTest;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public abstract class SpringTestCase {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
}
(2)測(cè)試類
package com.boot.serviceTest;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import com.boot.baseTest.SpringTestCase;
import com.boot.domain.User;
import com.boot.service.UserService;
public class UserServiceTest extends SpringTestCase{
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@Test
public void selectUserByIdTest(){
User user = userService.selectUserById(10);
logger.info("查找結(jié)果" + user);
}
}
選中測(cè)試類右鍵run as選中Junit Test即可,可以看到打印輸出了id為10的User對(duì)象
2018-02-04 21:20:07,442 [main] INFO com.boot.serviceTest.UserServiceTest - 查找結(jié)果User [userId=10, userName=apple, userPassword=uih6, userEmail=ff@qq.com]

若看到正常輸出,此時(shí)可以開始配置web頁面了。
web頁面配置
(1)靜態(tài)資源
靜態(tài)資源放在src/main/resources/static目錄下

(2)index.html
spring-boot支持thymeleaf模板引擎,模板文件默認(rèn)放在src/main/resources/templates目錄下
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/>
<link th:href="@{/js/jquery-1.11.3.min.js}" rel="stylesheet"/>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<p th:text="${user.userId}"></p>
<p th:text="${user.userName}"></p>
<p th:text="${user.userPassword}"></p>
<p th:text="${user.userEmail}"></p>
</body>
</html>
xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"命名空間,將鏡頭轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)態(tài)的視圖,需要進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)處理的元素使用“th:”前綴;link引入jquery框架,通過@{}引入web靜態(tài)資源(括號(hào)里面是資源路徑)訪問model中的數(shù)據(jù)通過${}訪問。
(4)自定義錯(cuò)誤頁面
spring-boot錯(cuò)誤頁面默認(rèn)在src/main/resources/static/error或者src/main/resources/public/error下,在此簡(jiǎn)單寫了個(gè)404頁面,命名為404.html放到目錄下即可
404.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<body>
<h2>404 not found</h2>
</body>
</html>
(5)controller
package com.boot.web;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import com.boot.domain.User;
import com.boot.service.UserService;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping(value = "")
public String getIndex(Model model){
User user = userService.selectUserById(1);
model.addAttribute("user", user);
return "index";
}
}
**(6)啟動(dòng)工程
啟動(dòng)工程以后打開http://localhost:8080/user即可看到如下圖:

若打開任意不存在的頁面,會(huì)返回404.html中內(nèi)容

打包工程
使用package命令給工程打包成jar包
mvn package
此時(shí)會(huì)在target下生成一個(gè)jar包,啟動(dòng)即可:
java -jar target\testSpringBoot-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
輸出如下
λ java -jar target\testSpringBoot-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v1.5.9.RELEASE)