分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫架構(gòu)-MyCAT
image
環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備：
兩臺虛擬機 db01 db02
每臺創(chuàng)建四個mysql實例：3307 3308 3309 3310
刪除歷史環(huán)境：
pkill mysqld
rm -rf /data/330*
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
創(chuàng)建相關(guān)目錄初始化數(shù)據(jù)
mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/application/mysql
準(zhǔn)備配置文件和啟動腳本
========db01==============
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=7
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=8
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=9
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=10
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
========db02===============
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=17
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=18
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=19
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=20
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
修改權(quán)限，啟動多實例
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*
systemctl start mysqld3307
systemctl start mysqld3308
systemctl start mysqld3309
systemctl start mysqld3310
systemctl enable mysqld3307
systemctl enable mysqld3308
systemctl enable mysqld3309
systemctl enable mysqld3310
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
image
節(jié)點主從規(guī)劃
箭頭指向誰是主庫
10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307
10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307
10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307
10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308
10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308
10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308
分片規(guī)劃
shard1：
Master：10.0.0.51:3307
slave1：10.0.0.51:3309
Standby Master：10.0.0.52:3307
slave2：10.0.0.52:3309
shard2：
Master：10.0.0.52:3308
slave1：10.0.0.52:3310
Standby Master：10.0.0.51:3308
slave2：10.0.0.51:3310
開始配置
shard1
10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307
db02
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"
db01
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
db02
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307
db01
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307
db02
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
shard2
10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308
db01
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"
db02
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
db01
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308
db02
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308
db01
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
檢測主從狀態(tài)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
image
MySQL分布式架構(gòu)介紹
image
- schema拆分及業(yè)務(wù)分庫
- 垂直拆分-分庫分表
- 水平拆分-分片
MyCAT安裝
預(yù)先安裝Java運行環(huán)境
[root@db02 ~]# yum install -y java
上傳到/application
[root@db02 /server/tools]# wget http://192.168.0.163/mysql/Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180117003034-linux.tar.gz
[root@db02 /server/tools]# tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180117003034-linux.tar.gz
[root@db02 /server/tools]# ll mycat/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 190 Aug 21 17:10 bin
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 6 Mar 1 2016 catlet
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 Aug 21 17:10 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 21 17:10 lib
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 6 Jan 17 2018 logs
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 219 Jan 17 2018 version.txt
[root@db02 /server/tools/mycat]# ll conf
autopartition-long.txt
auto-sharding-long.txt
auto-sharding-rang-mod.txt
cacheservice.properties
dbseq.sql
ehcache.xml
index_to_charset.properties
log4j2.xml
migrateTables.properties
myid.properties
partition-hash-int.txt
partition-range-mod.txt
rule.xml
schema.xml
sequence_conf.properties
sequence_db_conf.properties
sequence_distributed_conf.properties
sequence_time_conf.properties
server.xml
sharding-by-enum.txt
wrapper.conf
zkconf
zkdownload
啟動和連接
移動到/application下
[root@db02 ~]# mv /server/tools/mycat /application/
配置環(huán)境變量
vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/application/mycat/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
啟動
[root@db02 ~]# mycat start
Starting Mycat-server...
連接mycat：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066
mysql>
測試數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備
db01:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql
核心配置文件使用介紹(schema.xml)
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# pwd
/application/mycat/conf
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
配置文件的介紹：
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34457768/article/details/81625758
balance屬性
負載均衡類型，目前的取值有3種：
1. balance="0", 不開啟讀寫分離機制，所有讀操作都發(fā)送到當(dāng)前可用的writeHost上。
2. balance="1"，全部的readHost與standby writeHost參與select語句的負載均衡，簡單的說，
當(dāng)雙主雙從模式(M1->S1，M2->S2，并且M1與 M2互為主備)，正常情況下，M2,S1,S2都參與select語句的負載均衡。
3. balance="2"，所有讀操作都隨機的在writeHost、readhost上分發(fā)。
writeType屬性
負載均衡類型，目前的取值有2種：
1. writeType="0", 所有寫操作發(fā)送到配置的第一個writeHost，
第一個掛了切到還生存的第二個writeHost，重新啟動后已切換后的為主，切換記錄在配置文件中:dnindex.properties .
2. writeType=“1”，所有寫操作都隨機的發(fā)送到配置的writeHost，但不推薦使用
switchType屬性
-1 表示不自動切換
1 默認值，自動切換
2 基于MySQL主從同步的狀態(tài)決定是否切換 ，心跳語句為 show slave status
datahost其他配置
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
maxCon="1000"：最大的并發(fā)連接數(shù)
minCon="10" ：mycat在啟動之后，會在后端節(jié)點上自動開啟的連接線程
tempReadHostAvailable="1"
這個一主一從時（1個writehost，1個readhost時），可以開啟這個參數(shù)，如果2個writehost，2個readhost時
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> 監(jiān)測心跳
(1) 邏輯庫定義
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
(2) 數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點定義
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
(3) 數(shù)據(jù)主機定義
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
連接測試讀寫分離
[root@db02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066
mysql> select @@server_id; #讀
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 9 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> begin;select @@server_id;commit; #寫
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 7 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
讀寫分離+高可用功能
#將原本的配置文件備份
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak
#添加新的配置文件(有四個節(jié)點)
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
image.png
擁有了高可用的讀寫分離
#重啟mycat
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mycat restart
Stopping Mycat-server...
Stopped Mycat-server.
Starting Mycat-server...
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066
# 讀是三個節(jié)點輪詢
mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 9 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 17 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 9 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#寫只有一個節(jié)點，現(xiàn)在節(jié)點是 7
mysql> begin;select @@server_id;commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 7 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
檢查高可用功能
節(jié)點號的切換與配置文件指定的有關(guān)，莫懵
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
#將db01的mysql3307數(shù)據(jù)庫宕掉
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld3307.service
#在db02上進mycat庫讀寫
mysql> select @@server_id; 切換為19節(jié)點
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 19 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> begin;select @@server_id;commit; 3切換為17節(jié)點
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 17 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
垂直分表
垂直拆分
修改mycat的配置文件：
[root@db02 ~]# cd /application/mycat/conf/
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.ha
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
<table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
#重啟mycat
mycat restart
image
創(chuàng)建測試庫和表:（db01）
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))";
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))"
#db02上重啟mycat
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mycat restart
Stopping Mycat-server...
Stopped Mycat-server.
Starting Mycat-server...
測試垂直分表
#為user表和order表 添加數(shù)據(jù),隨便添加，只是測試
[root@db02 ]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066
mysql> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| TESTDB |
+----------+
mysql> use TESTDB
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| order_t |
| user |
+------------------+
mysql> insert into user(id,name) values(2,'wanglaoji');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
...
mysql> select * from user;
+------+-----------+
| id | name |
+------+-----------+
| 1 | zs |
| 2 | wahaha |
| 3 | quechao |
+------+-----------+
mysql> insert into order_t(id,name) values(99,'lcx');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
...
mysql> select * from order_t;
+------+---------+
| id | name |
+------+---------+
| 10 | huiyuan |
| 99 | lcx |
+------+---------+
查看
#查看3307節(jié)點的user表
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
mysql> use taobao
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| user |
+------------------+
mysql> select * from user;
+------+-----------+
| id | name |
+------+-----------+
| 1 | zs |
| 1 | zs |
| 2 | wahaha |
| 3 | quechao |
+------+-----------+
#查看3308節(jié)點的order表
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
mysql> use taobao
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| order_t |
+------------------+
mysql> select * from order_t;
+------+---------+
| id | name |
+------+---------+
| 10 | huiyuan |
| 99 | lcx |
+------+---------+
MyCAT核心特性——分片（水平拆分）
分片：對一個"bigtable"，比如說t3表
(1)行數(shù)非常多，800w
(2)訪問非常頻繁
分片的目的：
（1）將大數(shù)據(jù)量進行分布存儲
（2）提供均衡的訪問路由
分片策略：
范圍 range 800w 1-400w 400w01-800w
取模 mod 取余數(shù)
枚舉
哈希 hash
時間 流水
優(yōu)化關(guān)聯(lián)查詢
全局表
ER分片
范圍分片
比如說t3表
(1)行數(shù)非常多，2000w（1-1000w:sh1 1000w01-2000w:sh2）
(2)訪問非常頻繁，用戶訪問較離散
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# cp schema.xml schema.xml.1
vim schema.xml #修改這一段
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
</rule>
<function name="rang-long"
class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
<property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
</function>
image
準(zhǔn)備測試環(huán)境
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# cat autopartition-long.txt
0-10=0
11-20=1
創(chuàng)建測試表(db01)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
#db02上重啟mycat
mycat restart
測試(db02上)
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
mysql> use TESTDB
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| t3 |
| user |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t3(id,name) values(4,'d');
insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa');
insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb');
insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc');
insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd');
mysql> select * from t3;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 2 | b |
| 3 | c |
| 4 | d |
| 11 | aa |
| 12 | bb |
| 13 | cc |
| 14 | dd |
+----+------+
8 rows in set (0.13 sec)
(db01上)
分別登錄后端節(jié)點查詢數(shù)據(jù)效果
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t3"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 2 | b |
| 3 | c |
| 4 | d |
+----+------+
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t3"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 11 | aa |
| 12 | bb |
| 13 | cc |
| 14 | dd |
+----+------+
取模分片（mod-long）：
取余分片方式：分片鍵（一個列）與節(jié)點數(shù)量進行取余，得到余數(shù)，將數(shù)據(jù)寫入對應(yīng)節(jié)點
vim schema.xml
<table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />
vim rule.xml
<property name="count">2</property>
準(zhǔn)備測試環(huán)境
創(chuàng)建測試表：(db01)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重啟mycat (db02)
mycat restart
imageimage
測試：
#db02上添加測試數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d');
分別登錄后端節(jié)點查詢數(shù)據(jù)（db01上）
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t4"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 2 | b |
| 4 | d |
+----+------+
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t4"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 3 | c |
+----+------+
枚舉分片
t5 表
id name telnum
1 bj 1212
2 sh 22222
3 bj 3333
4 sh 44444
5 bj 5555
sharding-by-intfile
#db02上
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# vim schema.xml
<table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
<rule> <columns>name</columns>
<algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<function name="hash-int" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
<property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
<property name="type">1</property>
<property name="defaultNode">0</property>
</function>
image
#partition-hash-int.txt 配置：
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# cat partition-hash-int.txt
bj=0
sh=1
DEFAULT_NODE=1
按照schema.xml中的先后排序，
columns 標(biāo)識將要分片的表字段，
algorithm 分片函數(shù)，
其中分片函數(shù)配置中，mapFile標(biāo)識配置文件名稱
imageimage
準(zhǔn)備測試環(huán)境
db01上：
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重啟mycat
mycat restart
添加測試數(shù)據(jù)(db02)
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj');
測試效果：
分別登錄后端節(jié)點查詢數(shù)據(jù)
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t5;"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | bj |
| 3 | bj |
+----+------+
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t5;"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 2 | sh |
| 4 | sh |
| 5 | tj |
+----+------+
Mycat全局表
a b c d
join
t
select t1.name ,t.x from t1
join t
select t2.name ,t.x from t2
join t
select t3.name ,t.x from t3
join t
使用場景：
如果你的業(yè)務(wù)中有些數(shù)據(jù)類似于數(shù)據(jù)字典，比如配置文件的配置，
常用業(yè)務(wù)的配置或者數(shù)據(jù)量不大很少變動的表，這些表往往不是特別大，
而且大部分的業(yè)務(wù)場景都會用到，那么這種表適合于Mycat全局表，無須對數(shù)據(jù)進行切分，
要在所有的分片上保存一份數(shù)據(jù)即可，Mycat 在Join操作中，業(yè)務(wù)表與全局表進行Join聚合會優(yōu)先選擇相同分片內(nèi)的全局表join，
避免跨庫Join，在進行數(shù)據(jù)插入操作時，mycat將把數(shù)據(jù)分發(fā)到全局表對應(yīng)的所有分片執(zhí)行，在進行數(shù)據(jù)讀取時候?qū)S機獲取一個節(jié)點讀取數(shù)據(jù)。
vim schema.xml
<table name="t_area" primaryKey="id" type="global" dataNode="sh1,sh2" />
后端數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備(db01)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
use taobao
create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
use taobao
create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);
重啟mycat (db02)
mycat restart
準(zhǔn)備測試環(huán)境
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d');
測試效果
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t_area;"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 2 | b |
| 3 | c |
| 4 | d |
+----+------+
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t_area;"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 2 | b |
| 3 | c |
| 4 | d |
+----+------+
E-R分片
A join B
為了防止跨分片join，可以使用E-R模式
A join B
on a.xx=b.yy
join C
on A.id=C.id
#分片策略 schema.xml
<table name="A" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long">
<childTable name="B" joinKey="yy" parentKey="xx" />
</table>
擴展
按月的分片策略
crc32slot
邏輯庫的操作
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# vim schema.xml
image.png
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# vim server.xml
image.png
mycat restart
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
mysql> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| oldguo |
+----------+
image
