1.關(guān)聯(lián)是什么
是指動態(tài)創(chuàng)建一個指針從一個對象指向另外一個對象,并且遵循相應(yīng)的“內(nèi)存管理語義”,相當(dāng)于動態(tài)添加一個屬性
2.關(guān)聯(lián)的類型與等效的property屬性
| 關(guān)聯(lián)類型 | 等效的@property屬性 |
|---|---|
| OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN | assign |
| OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC | nonatomic, retain |
| OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC | nonatomic, copy |
| OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN | retain |
3.關(guān)聯(lián)的相關(guān)api
設(shè)置關(guān)聯(lián)對象
void objc_setAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key,
id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy)
獲取關(guān)聯(lián)對象
id objc_getAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key)
移除關(guān)聯(lián)對象
void objc_removeAssociatedObjects(id object)
4.以靜態(tài)全局變量作為key
- 設(shè)置關(guān)聯(lián)對象的key和NSDictionary中的key不一樣。其在術(shù)語上屬于“不透明的指針”。
- NSDictionary中,兩個key如果isEqual方法返回YES,則認(rèn)為兩個key相同。
- 而這里要完全相同。
5.使用關(guān)聯(lián)對象好處在哪里?如果要擴(kuò)充屬性,創(chuàng)建一個子類不就行了?
使用繼承的方式擴(kuò)充屬性,則代碼具有侵入性。OC中是單繼承模式,繼承了A就無法繼承B,還有另外的C。所以某種特定的情況下,無法使用繼承。
更多的是使用分類+關(guān)聯(lián)的方式來擴(kuò)充一個已經(jīng)存在的類。這樣代碼沒有侵入性,使用起來更加簡單簡便。
6.UIImageView+WebCache中使用的關(guān)聯(lián)
UIImageView+WebCache中每次設(shè)置新的圖片的時候都會將當(dāng)前imageView正在加載的進(jìn)程給取消了。而這些進(jìn)程對象就是通過關(guān)聯(lián)的方式動態(tài)關(guān)聯(lián)到imageView上。
//UIImageView+WebCache.m
- (void)sd_setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholder options:(SDWebImageOptions)options progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(SDWebImageCompletionBlock)completedBlock {
[self sd_cancelCurrentImageLoad];
...
if (url) {
__weak UIImageView *wself = self;
id <SDWebImageOperation> operation = [SDWebImageManager.sharedManager downloadImageWithURL:url options:options progress:progressBlock completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL) {
...
}];
[self sd_setImageLoadOperation:operation forKey:@"UIImageViewImageLoad"];
} else {
...
}
}
- (void)sd_cancelCurrentImageLoad {
[self sd_cancelImageLoadOperationWithKey:@"UIImageViewImageLoad"];
}
//UIView+WebCacheOperation.m
- (NSMutableDictionary *)operationDictionary {
NSMutableDictionary *operations = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &loadOperationKey);
if (operations) {
return operations;
}
operations = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &loadOperationKey, operations, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
return operations;
}
- (void)sd_setImageLoadOperation:(id)operation forKey:(NSString *)key {
[self sd_cancelImageLoadOperationWithKey:key];
NSMutableDictionary *operationDictionary = [self operationDictionary];
[operationDictionary setObject:operation forKey:key];
}
7.使用關(guān)聯(lián)還可以使 因為delegate形式而變得分散的代碼 通過block的形式 集中到一起。這樣可讀性更強(qiáng),代碼更簡潔。
以UIActionSheet為例。
先來一個不使用關(guān)聯(lián)時的代碼。
@interface ViewController () <UIActionSheetDelegate>
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
}
- (IBAction)didClickBtn:(UIButton *)btn{
UIActionSheet *sheet = [[UIActionSheet alloc] initWithTitle:@"Hellow World" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"不hellow" destructiveButtonTitle:@"hellow1" otherButtonTitles:@"hellow2",nil];
[sheet showInView:self.view];
}
- (void)actionSheet:(UIActionSheet *)actionSheet clickedButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)buttonIndex{
NSLog(@"點擊了 %ld",buttonIndex);
}
@end
這樣點擊actionsheet后的邏輯與創(chuàng)建時候的代碼是分開的,當(dāng)代碼一多的情況下,這個代理方法和其他的代理方法放在一起,可讀性比較差。而且每次創(chuàng)建一個UIActionSheet都需要:
- 設(shè)置代理
- 添加代理protocol
- 實現(xiàn)相關(guān)代理方法
--
使用關(guān)聯(lián)我們可以將ActionSheet的相關(guān)邏輯獨立成一個Tool,代碼如下
//.m
static char tool;
static char sheet;
@interface YXActionSheetTool () <UIActionSheetDelegate>
@property (nonatomic,copy) void(^callback)(NSInteger clickIndex);
@property (nonatomic,weak) UIViewController *controller;
@end
@implementation YXActionSheetTool
+ (void)showWithController:(UIViewController *)controller title:(NSString *)title cancleTitle:(NSString *)cancleTitle destructiveTitle:(NSString *)destructiveTitle otherTitles:(NSArray *)otherTitles callback:(void(^)(NSInteger clickIndex))callback {
UIActionSheet *sheet = [[UIActionSheet alloc] initWithTitle:title delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:cancleTitle destructiveButtonTitle:destructiveTitle otherButtonTitles:nil];
for (NSString *otherTitle in otherTitles) {
[sheet addButtonWithTitle:otherTitle];
}
YXActionSheetTool *actionSheetTool = [[YXActionSheetTool alloc] init];
objc_setAssociatedObject(controller,&tool,actionSheetTool,OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);//防止tool被釋放
objc_setAssociatedObject(actionSheetTool,&sheet,sheet,OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
actionSheetTool.callback=callback;
actionSheetTool.controller =controller;
sheet.delegate=actionSheetTool;
[sheet showInView:controller.view];
}
- (void)actionSheet:(UIActionSheet *)actionSheet clickedButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)buttonIndex{
objc_setAssociatedObject(self,&sheet,nil,OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
objc_setAssociatedObject(self.controller,&tool,nil,OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
if(self.callback)
self.callback(buttonIndex);
}
@end
調(diào)用代碼如下
@interface ViewController () <UIActionSheetDelegate>
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
}
- (IBAction)didClickBtn:(UIButton *)btn{
[YXActionSheetTool showWithController:self title:@"Hellow World" cancleTitle:@"不hellow" destructiveTitle:@"hellow1" otherTitles:@[@"hellow2"] callback:^(NSInteger clickIndex) {
NSLog(@"點擊了 %ld",clickIndex);
}];
}
@end
這樣就使ui代碼和邏輯代碼在一起,方便閱讀。