Map、Reduce 和 Filter 數(shù)組方法

[Vue中文社區(qū)](javascript:void(0);) 5月21日

英文:Una Kravets 譯文:熊賢仁

https://juejin.im/post/5caf030d6fb9a068736d2d7c

map、reduce 和 filter 是三個非常實(shí)用的 JavaScript 數(shù)組方法,賦予了開發(fā)者四兩撥千斤的能力。我們直接進(jìn)入正題,看看如何使用(并記?。┻@些超級好用的方法!

Array.map()

Array.map() 根據(jù)傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)換函數(shù),更新給定數(shù)組中的每個值,并返回一個相同長度的新數(shù)組。它接受一個回調(diào)函數(shù)作為參數(shù),用以執(zhí)行轉(zhuǎn)換過程。

<pre class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, 'Microsoft Yahei' !important; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226) !important; background: rgb(245, 247, 255);">

  1. let newArray = oldArray.map((value, index, array) => {

  2. ...

  3. });

</pre>

一個幫助記住 map 的方法:Morph Array Piece-by-Piece(逐個改變數(shù)組)

你可以使用 map 代替 for-each 循環(huán),來遍歷并對每個值應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)換函數(shù)。這個方法適用于當(dāng)你想更新數(shù)組的同時保留原始值。它不會潛在地刪除任何值(filter 方法會),也不會計(jì)算出一個新的輸出(就像 reduce 那樣)。map 允許你逐個改變數(shù)組。一起來看一個例子:

<pre class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, 'Microsoft Yahei' !important; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226) !important; background: rgb(245, 247, 255);">

  1. [1, 4, 6, 14, 32, 78].map(val => val * 10)

  2. // the result is: [10, 40, 60, 140, 320, 780]

</pre>

上面的例子中,我們使用一個初始數(shù)組([1, 4, 6, 14, 32, 78]),映射每個值到它自己的十倍(val * 10)。結(jié)果是一個新數(shù)組,初始數(shù)組的每個值被這個等式轉(zhuǎn)換:[10, 40, 60, 140, 320, 780]。

image

Array.filter()

當(dāng)我們想要過濾數(shù)組的值到另一個數(shù)組,新數(shù)組中的每個值都通過一個特定檢查,Array.filter() 這個快捷實(shí)用的方法就派上用場了。

類似搜索過濾器,filter 基于傳遞的參數(shù)來過濾出值。

舉個例子,假定有個數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)組,想要過濾出大于 10 的值,可以這樣寫:

<pre class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, 'Microsoft Yahei' !important; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226) !important; background: rgb(245, 247, 255);">

  1. [1, 4, 6, 14, 32, 78].filter(val => val > 10)

  2. // the result is: [14, 32, 78]

</pre>

但是 filter 方法,只返回真值。因此如果所有值都執(zhí)行指定的檢查的話,結(jié)果的長度會小于等于原始數(shù)組。

把 filter 想象成一個漏斗。部分混合物會從中穿過進(jìn)入結(jié)果,而另一部分則會被留下并拋棄。

image

假設(shè)寵物訓(xùn)練學(xué)校有一個四只狗的小班,學(xué)校里的所有狗都會經(jīng)過各種挑戰(zhàn),然后參加一個分級期末考試。我們用一個對象數(shù)組來表示這些狗狗:

<pre class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, 'Microsoft Yahei' !important; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226) !important; background: rgb(245, 247, 255);">

  1. const students = [

  2. {

  3. name: "Boops",

  4. finalGrade: 80

  5. },

  6. {

  7. name: "Kitten",

  8. finalGrade: 45

  9. },

  10. {

  11. name: "Taco",

  12. finalGrade: 100

  13. },

  14. {

  15. name: "Lucy",

  16. finalGrade: 60

  17. }

  18. ]

</pre>

如果狗狗們的期末考試成績高于 70 分,它們會獲得一個精美的證書;反之,它們就要去重修。為了知道證書打印的數(shù)量,要寫一個方法來返回通過考試的狗狗。不必寫循環(huán)來遍歷數(shù)組的每個對象,我們可以用 filter 簡化代碼!

<pre class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, 'Microsoft Yahei' !important; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226) !important; background: rgb(245, 247, 255);">

  1. const passingDogs = students.filter((student) => {

  2. return student.finalGrade >= 70

  3. })

  4. /*

  5. passingDogs = [

  6. {

  7. name: "Boops",

  8. finalGrade: 80

  9. },

  10. {

  11. name: "Taco",

  12. finalGrade: 100

  13. }

  14. ]

  15. */

</pre>

你也看到了,Boops 和 Taco 是好狗狗(其實(shí)所有狗都很不錯),它們?nèi)〉昧送ㄟ^課程的成就證書!利用箭頭函數(shù)的隱式返回特性,一行代碼就能實(shí)現(xiàn)。因?yàn)橹挥幸粋€參數(shù),所以可以刪掉箭頭函數(shù)的括號:

<pre class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, 'Microsoft Yahei' !important; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226) !important; background: rgb(245, 247, 255);">

  1. const passingDogs = students.filter(student => student.finalGrade >= 70)

  2. /*

  3. passingDogs = [

  4. {

  5. name: "Boops",

  6. finalGrade: 80

  7. },

  8. {

  9. name: "Taco",

  10. finalGrade: 100

  11. }

  12. ]

  13. */

</pre>

Array.reduce()

reduce() 方法接受一個數(shù)組作為輸入值并返回一個值。這點(diǎn)挺有趣的。reduce 接受一個回調(diào)函數(shù),回調(diào)函數(shù)參數(shù)包括一個累計(jì)器(數(shù)組每一段的累加值,它會像雪球一樣增長),當(dāng)前值,和索引。reduce 也接受一個初始值作為第二個參數(shù):

<pre class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, 'Microsoft Yahei' !important; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226) !important; background: rgb(245, 247, 255);">

  1. let finalVal = oldArray.reduce((accumulator, currentValue, currentIndex, array) => {

  2. ...

  3. }), initalValue;

</pre>

image

來寫一個炒菜函數(shù)和一個作料清單:

<pre class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, 'Microsoft Yahei' !important; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226) !important; background: rgb(245, 247, 255);">

  1. // our list of ingredients in an array

  2. const ingredients = ['wine', 'tomato', 'onion', 'mushroom']

  3. // a cooking function

  4. const cook = (ingredient) => {

  5. returncooked ${ingredient}``

  6. }

</pre>

如果我們想要把這些作料做成一個調(diào)味汁(開玩笑的),用 reduce() 來歸約!

<pre class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, 'Microsoft Yahei' !important; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226) !important; background: rgb(245, 247, 255);">

  1. const wineReduction = ingredients.reduce((sauce, item) => {

  2. return sauce += cook(item) + ', '

  3. }, '')

  4. // wineReduction = "cooked wine, cooked tomato, cooked onion, cooked mushroom, "

</pre>

初始值(這個例子中的 '')很重要,它決定了第一個作料能夠進(jìn)行烹飪。這里輸出的結(jié)果不太靠譜,自己炒菜時要當(dāng)心。下面的例子就是我要說到的情況:

<pre class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, 'Microsoft Yahei' !important; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226) !important; background: rgb(245, 247, 255);">

  1. const wineReduction = ingredients.reduce((sauce, item) => {

  2. return sauce += cook(item) + ', '

  3. })

  4. // wineReduction = "winecooked tomato, cooked onion, cooked mushroom, "

</pre>

最后,確保新字符串的末尾沒有額外的空白,我們可以傳遞索引和數(shù)組來執(zhí)行轉(zhuǎn)換:

<pre class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, 'Microsoft Yahei' !important; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226) !important; background: rgb(245, 247, 255);">

  1. const wineReduction = ingredients.reduce((sauce, item, index, array) => {

  2. sauce += cook(item)

  3. if (index < array.length - 1) {

  4. sauce += ', '

  5. }

  6. return sauce

  7. }, '')

  8. // wineReduction = "cooked wine, cooked tomato, cooked onion, cooked mushroom"

</pre>

可以用三目操作符、模板字符串和隱式返回,寫的更簡潔(一行搞定?。?/p>

<pre class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, 'Microsoft Yahei' !important; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226) !important; background: rgb(245, 247, 255);">

  1. const wineReduction = ingredients.reduce((sauce, item, index, array) => {

  2. return (index < array.length - 1) ? sauce +={cook(item)}, ` : sauce += `{cook(item)}``

  3. }, '')

  4. // wineReduction = "cooked wine, cooked tomato, cooked onion, cooked mushroom"

</pre>

記住這個方法的簡單辦法就是回想你怎么做調(diào)味汁:把多個作料歸約到單個。

和我一起唱起來!

我想要用一首歌來結(jié)束這篇博文,給數(shù)組方法寫了一個小調(diào),來幫助你們記憶:

視頻地址:https://youtu.be/-YEbBy3Mk

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