Sentence Correction 中八大類最常見的錯(cuò)誤

1. Modifiers 修飾詞錯(cuò)誤

hard to recognizing but easy to fix, 難找不難改。

Declining revenues resulting from a decrease in business travel, <u>a source of income without which most commercial airlines could not survive, are</u> going to force many commercial airlines to increase prices and decrease services in the coming months.

我犯錯(cuò)的點(diǎn)：主語declining revenues是plural?。?！

2. Idioms 習(xí)慣用語

習(xí)慣用語，沒有什么到底可講，像"I prefer rice to pasta"對(duì)，但"I prefer rice over pasta"就不對(duì)。能不能做對(duì)SC，取決于你是否能夠區(qū)分出習(xí)語（isolate the idioms)并且基于你的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)來判斷是否“聽起來正確”。

• dispute about
• if 表假設(shè)，whether 表是否
• have pressure to do 要優(yōu)于 be under the pressure to do 優(yōu)于 be under the pressure of doing. 語法上都沒錯(cuò)。
• distinguish ... from ... / between A and B
• as of... 自從……起

<u>More adept than his predecessors at handling responsibility</u>, the new owner of the property rapidly increased the production rate of the land.

我犯錯(cuò)的點(diǎn)：原句中是More adeptly handling responsibility...,我錯(cuò)選了讀起來最順但是改了順序改了意思的：Handlingmoreresponsibility adeptly?？磥磉€是意思更重要。adeptly 是修飾handle的這里。

3. Parallelism 平行結(jié)構(gòu)

這個(gè)沒有多說什么，就找平行就行了……平行要結(jié)構(gòu)一致、意思同等。

• to do sth is to do sth. 前后要保持平行。

There is no agreement at present on what function, if any, certai herbs like gingko bilboa have <u>in slowing the deterioration of or improving</u> memory.

我犯錯(cuò)的點(diǎn)：我選了沒有"of"的選項(xiàng)（選項(xiàng)中其他都是一樣的），這句話劃線部分其實(shí)不太確定意思，所以沒有特別理解應(yīng)該是deterioration of memory，哎，不是錯(cuò)在平行，還是錯(cuò)在意思上了……

To tackle the issue of congressional campaign spending is <u>to become embroiled in a war that is raging between those who support public financing and</u> those who would lift the limits on the amount political parties and individuals may donate.

我犯錯(cuò)的點(diǎn)：我只判斷了后面的between and 應(yīng)該平行，沒有確定前面開頭的To do sth is 必須跟 to do sth, 這也是個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu)。

4. Comparisons 比較結(jié)構(gòu)

like, unlike, similar to and in contrast to.

You will notice that the terms of comparisons often begin modifying phrases.

書上沒說什么，我覺得就是比較對(duì)象要平行。

• 這本書上實(shí)例中提到 in contrast to是正確的習(xí)語，in contrast with不正確。OG中說這兩個(gè)都對(duì)。anyway，查了一下其他資料，看起來至少GMAT prefer in contrast to更多一些

5. Verb Tense 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

一句很扯淡的話，“l(fā)et the meaning of the sentence and the sound of the verb tenses guide you to the correct choice" 讓句意和語感幫你找到正確選項(xiàng)。

小心句子中的倒樁結(jié)構(gòu)。

Never before had the e-business industry <u>faced as many financial losses and employee cutbacks and as it faced</u> in the late 1990s.

我犯錯(cuò)的點(diǎn)：我把a(bǔ)s it 后面的動(dòng)詞都省略了，但是這樣就沒有體現(xiàn)出 1990 發(fā)生的事情在never before之后，所以要明確的使用simple past時(shí)態(tài)"faced"來表示 1990發(fā)生的事情是在never before之后的。

Scientists are currently trying to determine the extent <u>to which tectonic plates have been shifted</u> from their previous positions by earthquakes and other similar phenomena.

我犯錯(cuò)的點(diǎn)，時(shí)態(tài)沒錯(cuò)，我也是選了完成時(shí)，但是沒注意后面的by agent, 所以改成主動(dòng)了……不應(yīng)該。

6. Subject/verb agreement 主謂一致

這里主要遇到的問題是：主語不好找，或者隱藏了；謂語是否單三容易被忽略。

• less than vs. lower than: less is only correct when it refers to something that can't be counted. eg., less legislation but lower sums. Less只能用于不可數(shù)；lower用于可數(shù)

• an amount of vs. a number of vs. a quantity of:

  • an amount of通常與不可數(shù)、無生命的名詞連用，如：She spent a very large amount of money yesterday. 她昨天花了好大一筆錢
  • a number of 與可數(shù)、有生命或無生命的名詞連用，如：The president has made a large number of mistakes. 總統(tǒng)已犯了許多錯(cuò)誤
  • a quantity of通常與可數(shù)或不可數(shù)、無生命的名詞連用，如：A vast / large quantity of imported beer has been sold. 已經(jīng)售出了大量的進(jìn)口啤酒
  • 從上面的例句可知，amount, number和quantity的前面經(jīng)常使用vast, large, small 等表示數(shù)量大小的形容詞來修飾，而這些形容詞前面有時(shí)還會(huì)使用very等程度副詞來修飾。不過，要特別注意的是，在這些用法中，large不可用big 來替代。

7. Pronouns 代詞

錯(cuò)誤情況：1代詞指代不清；2用錯(cuò)代詞

• GMAT中定語從句指代人時(shí)，必須用who，不能用that/which
• 代詞只能指代一個(gè)詞/詞組，不能指代一個(gè)clause，不能知道一個(gè)主語+謂語的結(jié)構(gòu)

Archaeologists have shown that ingesting lead in drinking water was a significant health hazard for the ancient Romans, <u>as it is for modern Americans</u>.

我犯錯(cuò)的點(diǎn)：我選了as that for modern Amerciancs。這樣就用that代替了太多東西，代替了前面that從句中整個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，是不行的。需要用it is來分別代替主語和謂語。

Those who have visited the Grand Canyon have typically <u>seen layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, with different colors that mark</u> the passage of time like the rings in a tree trunk.

我犯錯(cuò)的點(diǎn)：我把with換成了whose，這樣whose就指代layers或者canyon，書上說這種有兩種指向的代詞，是肯定錯(cuò)的……==但是此題的正確選項(xiàng)，我還是保留疑問==。

8. Expression 句子表達(dá)

可能的情況下，不考慮務(wù)必要的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)的語態(tài)&動(dòng)詞通常由于ing。

<u>Because they have</u> nostrils, called nares, connected to olfactory bulbs that go back to the brain, sharks are capable of smelling even a few molecules of blood in the water.

我犯錯(cuò)的點(diǎn)：原句是As a result of having. 我選了Because of having，感覺比原句要簡(jiǎn)介一點(diǎn)，但是忘了動(dòng)詞由于ing這個(gè)規(guī)則……

<u>After the company recalled one of its best-selling products, it was forced to accept a $1 billion loss; its main competitor would have been forced to declare bankruptcy if it had suffered such a loss</u>.

我犯錯(cuò)的點(diǎn)：這句話又長有惡心，我覺得我是專注在代詞上了，所以想盡量找it少的，因?yàn)閕t指代容易亂。但是忽略了前半句的時(shí)態(tài)問題，原句使用了after..., it would be的過去將來時(shí)，但此處應(yīng)該直接都用過去時(shí)，因?yàn)槭沁^去已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，并沒有表示預(yù)見的意思，所以前半句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是after...,it was forced..這個(gè)石臺(tái)問題比it指代要嚴(yán)重的多，所以以此為高優(yōu)先級(jí)。