Factory Method 工廠方法模式

1. 說明

工廠模式包涵一個(gè)超類，這個(gè)超類提供一個(gè)抽象化的接口來實(shí)例化一個(gè)特定類型的對(duì)象。

2. UML

Factory_Method.png

3. 代碼

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Product(ABC):

    @abstractmethod
    def use(self):
        '''使用產(chǎn)品'''

class Factory(ABC):

    def create(self, owner):
        p = self._create_product(owner)
        self._register_product(p)
        return p

    @abstractmethod
    def _create_product(self, owner) -> Product:
        '''創(chuàng)建產(chǎn)品'''

    @abstractmethod
    def _register_product(self, Product):
        '''注冊(cè)產(chǎn)品'''

class IDCard(Product):

    def __init__(self, owner):
        print('制作' + owner + '的ID卡')
        self.owner = owner

    def use(self):
        print('使用{}的ID卡'.format(self.owner) )

    def get_owner(self):
        return self.owner

class IDCardFactory(Factory):

    def __init__(self):
        self.owners = []

    def _create_product(self, owner):
        return IDCard(owner)

    def _register_product(self, Product):
        self.owners.append(Product.owner)

    def get_owners(self):
        return self.owners

if __name__ == '__main__':
    id_factory_1 = IDCardFactory()
    id_factory_2 = IDCardFactory()
    foo = id_factory_1.create('小紅')
    bar = id_factory_1.create('小藍(lán)')
    baz = id_factory_2.create('小李')
    foo.use()
    bar.use()
    print(id_factory_1.owners)
    print(id_factory_2.owners)