大概內(nèi)容:首先簡要介紹一下常用的一些框架及標準,其次參照PRISMA以及SPAR-4-SLR,從searching, screening, data management /analysis 三個維度介紹一些方便的工具。
參照:
Tools (ioe.ac.uk)
Software and Tools - Systematic Reviews - LibGuides at Lancaster University
Text mining for searching and screening the literature - Guides at McGill Library
0. Protocol/framework
這個在我的一篇公眾號文章中 如何寫文獻綜述: 概念 分類及規(guī)則 中提到了一些常用的,比如
PRISMA ( Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), 提供了一系列的checklist及可供研究者自行創(chuàng)造流程圖: PRISMA Flow Diagram (shinyapps.io). 還有一些extension.
PICO Framework. Population - Characteristics of the population or sample; Intervention - Treatment or exposure being studied; Comparison - Alternative treatment or exposure as control; Outcome - Results or endpoints measured.
Cochrane Library. 提供了很詳細的handbook來操作SR,常用于healthcare.
EPPI-Centre. Developed by the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information Centre
SPAR-4-SLR. Structured Procedure for Aiding the Reproduction of Systematic Literature Reviews. Business, social 可考慮
ADO. Antecedents, Decisions, and Outcomes framework. Paul and Benito (2018)
ROSES pro forma and flow diagram. RepOrting standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses, 常用于環(huán)境科學。ROSES Flow Chart (shinyapps.io)
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1. Searching/Identification
關(guān)鍵在于 定義研究概念 -> 確定研究問題 -> 計劃搜索策略
對于領(lǐng)域尚在發(fā)展 或沒有什么已定的terminology, ontology, model, dictionaries 的情況下,最好是LLM (NLP) 進行 search keywords 的 探索性搜索 (當然,要基于較為完整的理論知識)。
SR-Accelerator. 可識別 n-gram
AntConc, 可n-gram, 聚類,常用場景是已識別出高頻詞后 為了增加搜索的precision (如用在SR-Accelerator之后)
Termine. 比較old了,不大推薦使用
LitSearchR, 綜合了RAKE keyword frequency/n-gram, grouping, network analysis 等的R package. 有提供shiny界面,但shiny會受限于上傳文件的默認大小 (5MB)。
Yale MeSH Analyzer. 依舊適用于MeSH terms 也就是醫(yī)學主題詞, 受限于MeSH database.
PubMed PubReMiner: a tool for PubMed query building and literature mining (amc.nl) 適用于pubmed的搜索,免費
Ananse. 參考 An automated method for developing search strategies for systematic review using Natural Language Processing (NLP) - ScienceDirect,用了litsearchr 類似的techniques
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2. Screening
這里的screening包含 semi-automation screening tool, 以及方便統(tǒng)一管理進行screening, inclusion & exclusion 的軟件。
Abstrackr semi-automated, 注冊后免費使用
ASReview,半自動化screening process, 用的是主動學習,可下載portable
SWIFT-Review. Uses statistical text mining and machine learning to rank order documents in the screening process
revtools | An R package for screening in evidence synthesis projects
DistillerAI Paid (free for librarians; contact them directly)
Covidence. free for Cochrane authors and fee-based for others
Rayyan. completely free tool,相對covidence來講,沒有prescribed workflow,
EPPI-Reviewer. knowledge synthesis. Paid (free for Cochrane collaborators).
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3. Data management/analysis
包括文獻管理、后續(xù)分析、報告、描述、可視化等等。
文獻管理自然是諸如 endnote, mendely, zotero 之類的,可以實現(xiàn)remove duplicates, unify, bulk export 等等
分析自是可以根據(jù)自己需求,做SR SLR, 文獻分析,文本分析等等,描述報告方式根據(jù)方法不同略有差異
可視化可使用之前介紹過的一些知識圖譜/網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方法,可用工具或者python, R 等實現(xiàn),這里不贅述。