在Linux上我們少不了安裝軟件，在centos7中有兩種方法rpm與yum安裝方式。但在我們用rpm安裝過程中你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們往往裝個軟件命令行要寫的很長，要寫那個包的完整路徑。有時候還要解決包的依賴問題，那么有沒有一種短一點的呢？
那就是我們配yum源來安裝，基本用yum install {rpmfile}就可以安裝，不僅方便還解決了包之間的依賴問題。那么最大的問題就是創(chuàng)建yum倉庫。
下面我們搭建一個屬于自己的ftp（yum源）倉庫：
1.我們要準(zhǔn)備光盤(centos 6 準(zhǔn)備6的光盤，centos7準(zhǔn)備7的光盤）；
2.安裝ftp所需的程序包vsftpd，默認(rèn)沒安裝
[root@centos7 ~]#rpm -qi vsftp
package vsftp is not installed 注：通過查詢沒有安裝
[root@centos7 ~]#rpm -ivh /misc/cd/Packages/vsftpd-3.0.2-21.el7.x86_64.rpm 注：安裝vsftpd包
warning: /misc/cd/Packages/vsftpd-3.0.2-21.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:vsftpd-3.0.2-21.el7 ################################# [100%]
[root@centos7 ~]#rpm -qi vsftpd 安裝成功顯示詳細(xì)信息
Name : vsftpd
Version : 3.0.2
Release : 21.el7
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Tue 13 Jun 2017 09:51:15 PM +10
Group : System Environment/Daemons
Size : 356228
.......
vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from
scratch.
3.啟動ftp服務(wù)：
[root@centos7 ~]#netstat -ntl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl start vsftpd 注：啟動ftp服務(wù)
[root@centos7 ~]#netstat -ntl 注：打開了21端口
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::21 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
這個啟動只是相對暫時的，等到下次再啟動Linux就失效了，因此我們可以設(shè)置開機(jī)啟動
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
注：在centos上安裝方式一樣，但啟動有點不一樣：
[root@centos6 ~]#service vsftpd start 注：啟動服務(wù)打開21端口
Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
[root@centos6 ~]#chkconfig vsftpd on注：開機(jī)啟動
現(xiàn)在我們可以看到有了這個文件夾
[root@centos7 ~]#cd /var/ftp
[root@centos7 ftp]#ls
pub
[root@centos7 pub]#touch hello.txt 注：在ftp/pub下創(chuàng)建一個文件
[root@centos7 pub]#cat >hello.txt
hello world!
[root@centos7 pub]#ls
hello.txt
我們可以通過ifconfig來查詢IP通過IP訪問下,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們并不能打開它！
[root@centos7 ~]#ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.18.138 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.18.255
......
ens34: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.253.83 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
這是因為 我們還沒有禁用防火墻，默認(rèn)情況下現(xiàn)在還不能訪問！
[root@centos7 ~]#iptables -nvL 注：查詢防火墻（目前是開啟狀態(tài)）
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 ACCEPT udp -- virbr0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:53
0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- virbr0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:53
0 0 ACCEPT udp -- virbr0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:67
0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- virbr0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:67
99841 304M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
5150 708K INPUT_direct all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
5150 708K INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
5150 708K INPUT_ZONES all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate INVALID
5147 708K REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 ACCEPT all -- * virbr0 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.122.0/24 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
0 0 ACCEPT all -- virbr0 * 192.168.122.0/24 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT all -- virbr0 virbr0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 REJECT all -- * virbr0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
0 0 REJECT all -- virbr0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
........
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain IN_public_log (1 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT_direct (1 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl stop firewalld.service 注：關(guān)閉防護(hù)墻
[root@centos7 ~]#iptables -nvL 注：現(xiàn)已關(guān)閉
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl disable firewalld.service 注：默認(rèn)情況下開機(jī)啟動了防火墻，如果下次還繼續(xù)用，可暫時開啟開機(jī)禁用防火墻。
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
然后我們在進(jìn)行訪問ftp
就可以訪問了......
4.在pub下創(chuàng)建yum倉庫并從光盤拷貝
[root@centos7 pub]#cd /var/ftp/pub
[root@centos7 pub]#mkdir centos7
[root@centos7 pub]#ls
centos7
[root@centos7 pub]#cp -ar /misc/cd/* centos7
[root@centos7 pub]#cd centos7/
[root@centos7 centos7]#ls
CentOS_BuildTag EULA images LiveOS repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI GPL isolinux Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 TRANS.TBL
現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)拷貝完畢！可以配置yum的[name].repo文件
[root@centos7 pub]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#ls 注：這是原有的repo配置文件
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#mkdir backup
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#mv *.repo backup 注：我們可以把原有的repo文件移動到創(chuàng)建的backup目錄下
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#ls
backup
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#vim base.repo 注：創(chuàng)建新的repo文件
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#cat base.repo
[base]
name=centos 7
baseurl=ftp://192.168.18.138/pub/centos7/
gpgcheck=0
現(xiàn)在我們就可以正常訪問ftp了，也可以用自己搭建的yum源安裝軟件
[root@centos7 ~]#yum install tree
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
.........
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==============================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================================================
Installing:
tree x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 base 46 k
Transaction Summary
============================================
......
如有不足請多多指教。
