原文
Privacy
The traditional banking model achieves a level of privacy by limiting access to information to the parties involved and the trusted third party. The necessity to announce all transactions publicly precludes this method, but privacy can still be maintained by breaking the flow of information in another place: by keeping public keys anonymous. The public can see that someone is sending an amount to someone else, but without information linking the transaction to anyone. This is similar to the level of information released by stock exchanges, where the time and size of individual trades, the "tape", is made public, but without telling who the parties were.
As an additional firewall, a new key pair should be used for each transaction to keep them from being linked to a common owner. Some linking is still unavoidable with multi-input transactions, which necessarily reveal that their inputs were owned by the same owner. The risk is that if the owner of a key is revealed, linking could reveal other transactions that belonged to the same owner.
譯文
傳統(tǒng)的銀行模式通過限制參與各方和可信第三方的對信息訪問設(shè)置不同級別的隱私。比特幣系統(tǒng)中需要公開廣播所有交易使得無法使用傳統(tǒng)模式,但隱私保護依舊可以通過打斷某一點的信息流來實現(xiàn),即:讓公鑰匿名的方式。
公眾可以看到某人發(fā)送一些貨幣給另一個人,但是看不到交易是與誰相關(guān)的。這就跟股票交易所發(fā)布的信息等級相類似,個體交易的時間和交易額大小,即“tape”,是公開的,但是不知道交易的雙方是誰。
作為另一個防火墻,一個新的公鑰應(yīng)該在交易中使用,以防它被關(guān)聯(lián)到某個具體的用戶。對于擁有多個交易輸入的,一些關(guān)聯(lián)是無法避免的,因為一定會揭示他們的輸入來自于同一個擁有者。風(fēng)險就是如果一個擁有者的公鑰被識別,公鑰和擁有者之間的關(guān)聯(lián)就會把所有屬于同一個擁有者的其他交易信息全部揭示出來。
比特幣使用UTXO交,UTXO可以分割和合并,當(dāng)一個交易輸入需要多個UTXO合并時,其中一個UTXO的地址與擁有者的關(guān)聯(lián)信息被暴露,其他UXTO的地址的與擁有者信息的關(guān)聯(lián)性也會一并被暴露。
不確定性錢包-jbok錢包,一串雜亂的鑰匙串,100個私鑰,自動使用一個未使用的私鑰來開始交易,泄露一個地址的信息不會揭示擁有者和其他地址的關(guān)聯(lián)信息。
序列式(確定性)錢包:隨機生成的種子是主私鑰。然后按照一定規(guī)則生成其他的子私鑰。
分層確定性錢包-(HD錢包): 有主私鑰,按照路徑編號,生成子私鑰。大多數(shù)錢包都是這樣的分層確定性錢包。