關(guān)于matplotlib，你要的餅圖在這里

前言

matplotlib， 官方提供的餅圖Demo，功能比較比較簡(jiǎn)單，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用過(guò)程中，往往會(huì)有許多個(gè)性化的繪制需求，在這里跟大家一起了解下餅圖（pie chart）的一些特色的功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
import matplotlib as mpl
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
% matplotlib inline
plt.style.use('ggplot')

1. 官方Demo

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Pie chart, where the slices will be ordered and plotted counter-clockwise:
labels = 'Frogs', 'Hogs', 'Dogs', 'Logs'
sizes = [15, 30, 45, 10]
explode = (0, 0.1, 0, 0)  # only "explode" the 2nd slice (i.e. 'Hogs')

fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',
        shadow=True, startangle=90)
ax1.axis('equal')  # Equal aspect ratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.

plt.savefig('Demo_official.jpg')
plt.show()
Demo_official.jpg

2. 將實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用于官方Demo

# 原始數(shù)據(jù)
shapes = ['Cross', 'Cone', 'Egg', 'Teardrop', 'Chevron', 'Diamond', 'Cylinder',
       'Rectangle', 'Flash', 'Cigar', 'Changing', 'Formation', 'Oval', 'Disk',
       'Sphere', 'Fireball', 'Triangle', 'Circle', 'Light']
values = [  287,   383,   842,   866,  1187,  1405,  1495,  1620,  1717,
        2313,  2378,  3070,  4332,  5841,  6482,  7785,  9358,  9818, 20254]

s = pd.Series(values, index=shapes)
s

from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
import matplotlib as mpl

# Pie chart, where the slices will be ordered and plotted counter-clockwise:
labels = s.index
sizes = s.values
explode = (0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)  # only "explode" the 1st slice

fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots()
patches, texts, autotexts = ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.0f%%',
        shadow=False, startangle=170)
ax1.axis('equal')  # Equal aspect ratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.

plt.savefig('Demo_project.jpg')
plt.show()
Demo_project.jpg

上圖的一些問(wèn)題：

  1. 顏色比較生硬
  2. 部分文字擁擠在一起，繪圖顯示不齊整

3. 一些改善措施

  • 重新設(shè)置字體大小
  • 設(shè)置自選顏色
  • 設(shè)置圖例
  • 將某些類(lèi)別突出顯示

3.1 重新設(shè)置字體大小

from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
import matplotlib as mpl

labels = s.index
sizes = s.values
explode = (0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)  # only "explode" the 1st slice

fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots()

patches, texts, autotexts = ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.0f%%',
        shadow=False, startangle=170)
ax1.axis('equal')  # Equal aspect ratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.

# 重新設(shè)置字體大小
proptease = fm.FontProperties()
proptease.set_size('xx-small')
# font size include: ‘xx-small’,x-small’,'small’,'medium’,‘large’,‘x-large’,‘xx-large’ or number, e.g. '12'
plt.setp(autotexts, fontproperties=proptease)
plt.setp(texts, fontproperties=proptease)

plt.savefig('Demo_project_set_font.jpg')
plt.show()
Demo_project_set_font.jpg

3.2 設(shè)置顯示顏色，Method 1：

from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
import matplotlib as mpl

# Pie chart, where the slices will be ordered and plotted counter-clockwise:
labels = s.index
sizes = s.values
explode = (0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)  # only "explode" the 1st slice

fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots(figsize=(6,6)) # 設(shè)置繪圖區(qū)域大小

a = np.random.rand(1,19)
color_vals = list(a[0])
my_norm = mpl.colors.Normalize(-1, 1) # 將顏色數(shù)據(jù)的范圍設(shè)置為 [0, 1]
my_cmap = mpl.cm.get_cmap('rainbow', len(color_vals)) # 可選擇合適的colormap，如：'rainbow'

patches, texts, autotexts = ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.0f%%',
        shadow=False, startangle=170, colors=my_cmap(my_norm(color_vals)))

ax1.axis('equal')  

# 重新設(shè)置字體大小
proptease = fm.FontProperties()
proptease.set_size('xx-small')
# font size include: ‘xx-small’,x-small’,'small’,'medium’,‘large’,‘x-large’,‘xx-large’ or number, e.g. '12'
plt.setp(autotexts, fontproperties=proptease)
plt.setp(texts, fontproperties=proptease)

plt.savefig('Demo_project_set_color_1.jpg')
plt.show()
Demo_project_set_color_1.jpg

上面這種方法設(shè)置顏色時(shí)，但類(lèi)別比較多時(shí)，部分顏色的填充會(huì)重復(fù)。

有時(shí)候，我們可能想設(shè)置成連續(xù)的顏色，可以有另外一種方法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。

3.3 設(shè)置顯示顏色， Method 2：

from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
from  matplotlib import cm

labels = s.index
sizes = s.values
# explode = (0.2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)  # only "explode" the 1st slice

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6,6)) # 設(shè)置繪圖區(qū)域大小


colors = cm.rainbow(np.arange(len(sizes))/len(sizes)) # colormaps: Paired, autumn, rainbow, gray,spring,Darks
patches, texts, autotexts = ax.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.0f%%',
        shadow=False, startangle=170, colors=colors)

ax.axis('equal')  
ax.set_title('Shapes -------------------', loc='left')

# 重新設(shè)置字體大小
proptease = fm.FontProperties()
proptease.set_size('xx-small')
# font size include: ‘xx-small’,x-small’,'small’,'medium’,‘large’,‘x-large’,‘xx-large’ or number, e.g. '12'
plt.setp(autotexts, fontproperties=proptease)
plt.setp(texts, fontproperties=proptease)

plt.savefig('Demo_project_set_color_2.jpg')
plt.show()
Demo_project_set_color_2.jpg

從上圖可以看出，顏色顯示是連續(xù)的，實(shí)現(xiàn)了我們想要的效果

3.4 設(shè)置圖例（legend）

from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
from  matplotlib import cm

labels = s.index
sizes = s.values
# explode = (0.2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)  # only "explode" the 1st slice

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6,6)) # 設(shè)置繪圖區(qū)域大小


colors = cm.rainbow(np.arange(len(sizes))/len(sizes)) # colormaps: Paired, autumn, rainbow, gray,spring,Darks
patches, texts, autotexts = ax.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.0f%%',
        shadow=False, startangle=170, colors=colors)

ax.axis('equal')  

# 重新設(shè)置字體大小
proptease = fm.FontProperties()
proptease.set_size('xx-small')
# font size include: ‘xx-small’,x-small’,'small’,'medium’,‘large’,‘x-large’,‘xx-large’ or number, e.g. '12'
plt.setp(autotexts, fontproperties=proptease)
plt.setp(texts, fontproperties=proptease)


ax.legend(labels, loc=2)

plt.savefig('Demo_project_set_legend_error.jpg')
plt.show()
Demo_project_set_legend_error.jpg

從上面可看出，當(dāng)類(lèi)別較多時(shí)，圖例（legend）的位置擺放顯示有重疊，顯示有些問(wèn)題，需要進(jìn)行調(diào)整。

3.5 重新設(shè)置圖例（legend）

from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
from  matplotlib import cm

labels = s.index
sizes = s.values
# explode = (0.2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)  # only "explode" the 1st slice

fig, axes = plt.subplots(figsize=(10,5),ncols=2) # 設(shè)置繪圖區(qū)域大小
ax1, ax2 = axes.ravel()

colors = cm.rainbow(np.arange(len(sizes))/len(sizes)) # colormaps: Paired, autumn, rainbow, gray,spring,Darks
patches, texts, autotexts = ax1.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.0f%%',
        shadow=False, startangle=170, colors=colors)

ax1.axis('equal')  

# 重新設(shè)置字體大小
proptease = fm.FontProperties()
proptease.set_size('xx-small')
# font size include: ‘xx-small’,x-small’,'small’,'medium’,‘large’,‘x-large’,‘xx-large’ or number, e.g. '12'
plt.setp(autotexts, fontproperties=proptease)
plt.setp(texts, fontproperties=proptease)

ax1.set_title('Shapes', loc='center')

# ax2 只顯示圖例（legend）
ax2.axis('off')
ax2.legend(patches, labels, loc='center left')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('Demo_project_set_legend_good.jpg')
plt.show()
Demo_project_set_legend_good.jpg

3.6 將某些類(lèi)別突出顯示

  • 將某些類(lèi)別突出顯示
  • 控制label的顯示位置
  • 控制百分比的顯示位置
  • 控制突出位置的大小
from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
from  matplotlib import cm

labels = s.index
sizes = s.values
explode = (0.1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.2,0,0,0,0.1,0)  # "explode" ， show the selected slice

fig, axes = plt.subplots(figsize=(8,5),ncols=2) # 設(shè)置繪圖區(qū)域大小
ax1, ax2 = axes.ravel()

colors = cm.rainbow(np.arange(len(sizes))/len(sizes)) # colormaps: Paired, autumn, rainbow, gray,spring,Darks
patches, texts, autotexts = ax1.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.0f%%',explode=explode,
        shadow=False, startangle=170, colors=colors, labeldistance=1.2,pctdistance=1.03, radius=0.4)
# labeldistance: 控制labels顯示的位置
# pctdistance: 控制百分比顯示的位置
# radius: 控制切片突出的距離

ax1.axis('equal')  

# 重新設(shè)置字體大小
proptease = fm.FontProperties()
proptease.set_size('xx-small')
# font size include: ‘xx-small’,x-small’,'small’,'medium’,‘large’,‘x-large’,‘xx-large’ or number, e.g. '12'
plt.setp(autotexts, fontproperties=proptease)
plt.setp(texts, fontproperties=proptease)

ax1.set_title('Shapes', loc='center')

# ax2 只顯示圖例（legend）
ax2.axis('off')
ax2.legend(patches, labels, loc='center left')

plt.tight_layout()
# plt.savefig("pie_shape_ufo.png", bbox_inches='tight')
plt.savefig('Demo_project_final.jpg')
plt.show()
Demo_project_final.jpg

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