代碼規(guī)范
好久沒更新了,確實(shí)忙,前段時間正好聽前輩提起這方面的事情,>醍醐灌頂,哈哈,不廢話了,把之前為了重構(gòu)外包的代碼,為項目>組寫的規(guī)范貼出來給大家分享
提醒:
1.因為是規(guī)范,所以沒有為什么,可以自己Google下
2.一些自己的習(xí)慣請忽略。。。。。。。。。
目的:寫出執(zhí)行迅速、便于理解、便于維護(hù)、便于擴(kuò)展、不易出錯的代碼。
1. 使用泛型(制定容器類的類型)
NSArray<NSString *> *strings = @[@"sun", @"yuan"];
NSDictionary<NSString *, NSNumber *> *mapping = @{@"a": @1, @"b": @2};
2. __kindof
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
UIButton *but1 = [self getSubView];//不需要強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)
}
- (__kindof UIView *)getSubView {
UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
return button;
}
3. 使用nonnull、nullable、null_resettable
nonnull 聲明的屬性不能為空(getter方法和setter方法都有)
@property (nullable, nonatomic, copy) NSString *userId;
//在NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN和NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END之間,定義的所有對象屬性和方法
默認(rèn)都是nonnull
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@interface ViewController : UIViewController
@property (nonatomic, weak) UILabel *label;
@property (nonatomic, weak) UIButton * __nullable button;
@property (null_resettable, nonatomic, strong) NSArray *friends;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
//nullable 聲明的屬性可以為空
@property (nullable, nonatomic, copy) NSString *str;
//null_resettable setter可以賦空值,getter方法取值不能為空
@property(null_resettable, nonatomic,strong) UIView *view;
4. 多用類型常量(含有類型信息),少用#define預(yù)處理指令
define
#define kAnimationDuration @"男"
類型常量
//只在本實(shí)現(xiàn)文件中使用,前面字母加k
static const NSTimeInterval kAnimationDuration = 0.5;
//全局使用
//.h文件
extern NSString *const QYBoySex;
//.m文件
NSString *const QYBoySex = @"男”;
5.分類定義常量
- 例如定義顏色 和 NSUserDefaults 的 Key
#pragma mark - UserDefaults Keys
typedef NSString *QYUserDefaultsKey;
///name
FOUNDATION_EXPORT QYUserDefaultsKey const KQYUserName;
///password
FOUNDATION_EXPORT QYUserDefaultsKey const KQYUserPassword;
#pragma mark - QY Color Hex
typedef NSString *HJDColorHex;
///blue
FOUNDATION_EXPORT HJDColorHex const QYNavBlue;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT HJDColorHex const QYButtonBlue;
6. 在類的頭文件中盡量少引用其他頭文件,使用向前聲明該類的方式
QYPerson:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
//#import “QYBoy.h"
@class QYBoy;
@interface QYPerson : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, strong) QYBoy *boy;
@end
#import "QYPerson.h"
#import "QYBoy.h"
@implementation QYPerson
@end
QYBoy:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
//#import "QYPerson.h"
@class QYPerson;
@interface QYBoy : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
- (void)setBoyWithPerson:(QYPerson *)person;
@end
7. 多用字面量語法,少用與之等價的方法
NSArray
-
非字面量語法
NSArray <NSString *> *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1", @"2", @"3", nil];-
取某個下標(biāo)的對象
NSString *str2 = newArray[1];
-
-
字面量語法
NSArray <NSString *> *newArray = @[@"1", @"2", @"3"];-
取某個下標(biāo)的對象
NSString *str1 = [array objectAtIndex:1];
-
需要注意的是
NSString *obj1 = @"1";
NSString *obj2 = nil;
NSString *obj3 = @"3";
//字面量語法 array1只含有obj1
NSArray <NSString *> *array1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:obj1, obj2, obj2, nil];
//非字面量語法 crash
NSArray <NSString *> *newArray1 = @[obj1, obj2, obj3];
8. 用枚舉表示狀態(tài)、選項、狀態(tài)碼等
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, QYBoyStatus) {
QYBoyIsRuning,
QYBoyIsSleeping,
QYBoyIsEating
};
9. 命名方式
-
當(dāng)應(yīng)用程序自身和其所應(yīng)用的程序庫都引入了同名的第三方庫,則應(yīng)用前綴避免沖突
#import "ABCLibrary" #import “QYLibrary" -
開頭小寫后面單詞首字母大寫
//全局變量 static const CGFloat QYScreenSize = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width; //屬性命名 開頭小寫后面單詞首字母大寫 @property (nullable, nonatomic, copy) NSString *boyName; //方法命名 開頭小寫后面單詞首字母大寫 - (void)addFriendWithPerson:(QYPerson *)person -
從命名上可以知道方法的功能
NSString *text = @"she is a boy”; NSString *newText = [text stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"boy" withString:@"girl"];//代碼讀起來像平時語言,易懂 //錯誤的方法命名
- (void)configCellWith:(QYBoyModel *)boyModel :(NSInteger)index;
//正確的方法命名 - (void)configCellWithBoyModel:(QYBoyModel *)boyModel andIndex:(NSInteger)index;
-
為私有方法名加前綴
- (void)p_setUpUI { } -
布爾值類型屬性命名
//getter方法用isLogined,setter用logined @property(nonatomic, readonly, getter=isLogined) BOOL logined;
10. 將類的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼分散到便于管理的數(shù)個分類之中
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class QYBoy;
@interface QYPerson : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray *friends;
@property (nonatomic, strong) QYBoy *boy;
- (void)addFriends:(QYPerson *)friend;
- (void)removeFriend:(QYPerson *)friend;
- (BOOL)isFriendWithPerson:(QYPerson *)person;
@end
@interface QYPerson (Work)
- (void)goToWork;
- (void)goOffWork;
@end
@interface QYPerson (Play)
- (void)playAgame;
- (void)PlayWithThePhone;
@end
11. 為常用的塊類型創(chuàng)建typedef
-
不定義別名:
- (void)workWithPresonBlock:(void (^) (NSString *name))personBlock; 定義別名:
//兩個塊簽名相同,但最好還是定義多個typedef,重構(gòu)代碼或需要修改時對其他的typedef無影響。
typedef void(^PersonWorkBlock)(NSString *);
typedef void(^PersonPlayBlock)(NSString *);
- (void)workWithPresonWorkBlock:(PersonWorkBlock)personWorkBlock;
- (void)playWithPresonPlayBlock:(PersonPlayBlock)personPlayBlock;
12. 多用塊枚舉,少用for循環(huán)
-
塊枚舉
NSArray *arr1 = @[@"1",@"2",@"3"]; [arr1 enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(NSString * _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) { //do something }]; NSDictionary *dic1 = @{@"1":@"one",@"2":@"two",@"3":@"three"}; [dic1 enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id _Nonnull key, id _Nonnull obj, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) { //do something }];
13. 注釋
/**
類注釋
*/
@interface QYPerson : NSObject
/* 屬性注釋 */
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, strong) QYBoy *boy; //屬性注釋
/**
添加朋友(方法注釋)
@param Friend 某一個朋友對象
*/
- (void)addFriends:(QYPerson *)friend;
@end