Android開(kāi)發(fā)中，我們經(jīng)常用到各種開(kāi)源框架，很多優(yōu)秀的框架不僅提供了功能豐富的功能接口，其高超的代碼編寫(xiě)和組織水平也值得我們學(xué)習(xí)。通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)這些框架的源碼，有助于快速提高我們的編程質(zhì)量。在接下來(lái)的博客中，我將對(duì)一系列優(yōu)秀的開(kāi)源框架源碼進(jìn)行閱讀分析，目的有兩個(gè)，一是理解框架的實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制，從源碼的角度去分析怎樣更好的使用這些框架。二是從這些優(yōu)秀的源碼中學(xué)習(xí)如何組織代碼，如何實(shí)現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量的編程。本文我們將分析Android圖片加載工具Picasso源碼。
我們從Picasso使用方式上入手，Picasso的使用通常分為兩步，第一步初始化Picasso單例，第二步獲取Picasso單例，創(chuàng)建RequestCreator，加載圖片。代碼示例如下：
Picasso初始化
private void initPicasso() {
Picasso picasso = new Picasso.Builder(this)
.defaultBitmapConfig(Bitmap.Config.RGB_565) // 設(shè)置全局的圖片樣式
.downloader(new OkHttpDownloader(FileUtility.getPicassoCacheDir())) // 設(shè)置Downloader
.requestTransformer(new Picasso.RequestTransformer() { // 設(shè)置RequestTransformer
@Override
public Request transformRequest(Request request) {
if (request.uri != null) {
return request.buildUpon().setUri(NetworkConfig.processUri(request.uri)).build();
}
return request;
}
})
.build();
Picasso.setSingletonInstance(picasso); // 設(shè)置Picasso單例
}
加載圖片
Picasso.with(this) // 獲取Picasso單例
.load(url) // 返回一個(gè)新建的RequestCreator對(duì)象
.resize(width, height) // 設(shè)置尺寸
.onlyScaleDown() // 設(shè)置縮放
.centerInside() // 設(shè)置裁剪方式
.placeholder(R.drawable.transparent) // 設(shè)置占位圖片
.error(R.drawable.group_chat_error_image) // 設(shè)置出錯(cuò)展示的圖片
.memoryPolicy(MemoryPolicy.NO_CACHE) // 設(shè)置內(nèi)存緩存策略
.networkPolicy(NetworkPolicy.NO_CACHE) // 設(shè)置網(wǎng)絡(luò)緩存策略
.into(mScaleSampleImage, null); // 設(shè)置圖片加載的目標(biāo)控件
Picasso初始化用到了單例模式和構(gòu)造者模式。關(guān)于構(gòu)造者模式的講解可以查看這篇文章，此處不再贅述。在Picasso初始化用到Picasso.Builder靜態(tài)內(nèi)部類(lèi)，有以下設(shè)置項(xiàng)：
public static class Builder {
private final Context context;
private Downloader downloader;
private ExecutorService service;
private Cache cache;
private Listener listener;
private RequestTransformer transformer;
private List<RequestHandler> requestHandlers;
private Bitmap.Config defaultBitmapConfig;
private boolean indicatorsEnabled;
private boolean loggingEnabled;
// 設(shè)置圖片格式
public Builder defaultBitmapConfig(@NonNull Bitmap.Config bitmapConfig) {
...
}
// 設(shè)置Downloader
public Builder downloader(@NonNull Downloader downloader) {
...
}
// 設(shè)置線程池
public Builder executor(@NonNull ExecutorService executorService) {
...
}
// 設(shè)置內(nèi)存緩存
public Builder memoryCache(@NonNull Cache memoryCache) {
...
}
// 設(shè)置Picasso Listener，里面有響應(yīng)函數(shù)onImageLoadFailed
public Builder listener(@NonNull Listener listener) {
...
}
// 設(shè)置RequestTransformer，可以對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求添加統(tǒng)一處理
public Builder requestTransformer(@NonNull RequestTransformer transformer) {
...
}
// 添加針對(duì)不同類(lèi)型請(qǐng)求的Hander，請(qǐng)求類(lèi)型如
// 網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖片請(qǐng)求 http://example.com/1.png
// 文件請(qǐng)求 file:///android_asset/foo/bar.png
// 媒體庫(kù)文件 content://media/external/images/media/1
public Builder addRequestHandler(@NonNull RequestHandler requestHandler) {
...
}
// 設(shè)置是否展示調(diào)試指示器
public Builder indicatorsEnabled(boolean enabled) {
...
}
// 設(shè)置是否啟用日志
public Builder loggingEnabled(boolean enabled) {
...
}
// 最終生成Picasso實(shí)例的build函數(shù)
public Picasso build() {
Context context = this.context;
if (downloader == null) {
downloader = new OkHttp3Downloader(context);
}
if (cache == null) {
cache = new LruCache(context);
}
if (service == null) {
service = new PicassoExecutorService();
}
if (transformer == null) {
transformer = RequestTransformer.IDENTITY;
}
Stats stats = new Stats(cache);
Dispatcher dispatcher = new Dispatcher(context, service, HANDLER, downloader, cache, stats);
return new Picasso(context, dispatcher, cache, listener, transformer, requestHandlers, stats,
defaultBitmapConfig, indicatorsEnabled, loggingEnabled);
}
通過(guò)這個(gè)Builder類(lèi)完成Picasso實(shí)例的構(gòu)造，然后通過(guò)setSingletonInstance函數(shù)設(shè)置Picasso全局單例：
public class Picasso {
static volatile Picasso singleton = null;
...
public static void setSingletonInstance(@NonNull Picasso picasso) {
if (picasso == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Picasso must not be null.");
}
synchronized (Picasso.class) {
if (singleton != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Singleton instance already exists.");
}
singleton = picasso;
}
}
...
}
這樣就完成了Picasso單例的初始化，并完成了一些全局的設(shè)置。接下來(lái)可以通過(guò)這個(gè)單例加載圖片并展示了。
Picasso.with(this) // 獲取Picasso單例
.load(url) // 返回一個(gè)新建的RequestCreator對(duì)象
.resize(width, height) // 設(shè)置尺寸
.onlyScaleDown() // 設(shè)置縮放
.centerInside() // 設(shè)置裁剪方式
.placeholder(R.drawable.transparent) // 設(shè)置占位圖片
.error(R.drawable.group_chat_error_image) // 設(shè)置出錯(cuò)展示的圖片
.memoryPolicy(MemoryPolicy.NO_CACHE) // 設(shè)置內(nèi)存緩存策略
.networkPolicy(NetworkPolicy.NO_CACHE) // 設(shè)置網(wǎng)絡(luò)緩存策略
.into(mScaleSampleImage, null); // 設(shè)置圖片加載的目標(biāo)控件
通過(guò)Picasso.with獲取單例對(duì)象：
public class Picasso {
static volatile Picasso singleton = null;
...
public static Picasso with(@NonNull Context context) {
if (context == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("context == null");
}
if (singleton == null) {
synchronized (Picasso.class) {
// 如果還沒(méi)初始化，采用默認(rèn)配置進(jìn)行初始化
if (singleton == null) {
singleton = new Builder(context).build();
}
}
}
return singleton;
}
...
}
獲取到Picasso單例對(duì)象后，調(diào)用picasso.load函數(shù)，返回一個(gè)RequestCreator對(duì)象，該對(duì)象用于構(gòu)造一個(gè)具體的加載圖片請(qǐng)求Request。
public class Picasso {
...
public RequestCreator load(@Nullable Uri uri) {
return new RequestCreator(this, uri, 0);
}
public RequestCreator load(@Nullable String path) {
if (path == null) {
return new RequestCreator(this, null, 0);
}
if (path.trim().length() == 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Path must not be empty.");
}
return load(Uri.parse(path));
}
public RequestCreator load(@NonNull File file) {
if (file == null) {
return new RequestCreator(this, null, 0);
}
return load(Uri.fromFile(file));
}
public RequestCreator load(@DrawableRes int resourceId) {
if (resourceId == 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Resource ID must not be zero.");
}
return new RequestCreator(this, null, resourceId);
}
...
}
可以看出，load可以加載不同類(lèi)型的資源，包括Uri，文件路徑，文件，資源ID等。
RequestCreator采用了構(gòu)造者模式，提供了一系列設(shè)置函數(shù)，可以設(shè)置本次要加載圖片的裁剪方式，縮放方式，旋轉(zhuǎn)角度等。
public class RequestCreator {
...
private final Picasso picasso;
private final Request.Builder data;
...
private int placeholderResId;
private int errorResId;
private int memoryPolicy;
private int networkPolicy;
...
public RequestCreator placeholder(@DrawableRes int placeholderResId) {
...
}
public RequestCreator error(@DrawableRes int errorResId) {
public RequestCreator tag(@NonNull Object tag) {
public RequestCreator resize(int targetWidth, int targetHeight) {
public RequestCreator centerCrop() {
data.centerCrop(Gravity.CENTER);
return this;
}
public RequestCreator centerInside() {
data.centerInside();
return this;
}
public RequestCreator onlyScaleDown() {
data.onlyScaleDown();
return this;
}
public RequestCreator rotate(float degrees) {
data.rotate(degrees);
return this;
}
public RequestCreator config(@NonNull Bitmap.Config config) {
data.config(config);
return this;
}
public RequestCreator priority(@NonNull Priority priority) {
data.priority(priority);
return this;
}
public RequestCreator transform(@NonNull Transformation transformation) {
data.transform(transformation);
return this;
}
public RequestCreator memoryPolicy(@NonNull MemoryPolicy policy,
@NonNull MemoryPolicy... additional) {
...
}
public RequestCreator networkPolicy(@NonNull NetworkPolicy policy,
@NonNull NetworkPolicy... additional) {
...
}
...
}
RequestCreator對(duì)外提供了一系列設(shè)置函數(shù)，返回的都是同一個(gè)RequestCreator對(duì)象，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的構(gòu)造者模式。完成所有設(shè)置后，調(diào)用into函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)Request對(duì)象的最終構(gòu)造。
public void into(ImageView target, Callback callback) {
long started = System.nanoTime();
// 檢查是否是主線程調(diào)用，必須在主線程調(diào)用
checkMain();
if (target == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Target must not be null.");
}
// 如果沒(méi)有要加載的圖片Uri或ResourceID，取消
if (!data.hasImage()) {
picasso.cancelRequest(target);
if (setPlaceholder) {
setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
}
return;
}
// 第一個(gè)分支：延遲加載
// deferred=true表明調(diào)用了fit()方法，根據(jù)ImageView的寬高適配圖片
// 所以需要在ImageView完成layout以后才能獲得確切的尺寸
// 所以需要延遲加載圖片
if (deferred) {
if (data.hasSize()) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Fit cannot be used with resize.");
}
int width = target.getWidth();
int height = target.getHeight();
if (width == 0 || height == 0 || target.isLayoutRequested()) {
if (setPlaceholder) {
setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
}
picasso.defer(target, new DeferredRequestCreator(this, target, callback));
return;
}
data.resize(width, height);
}
// createRequest調(diào)用data.build()生成一個(gè)Request，
// 并調(diào)用picasso.transformRequest對(duì)這個(gè)請(qǐng)求進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換（如果設(shè)置了requestTransformer）
Request request = createRequest(started);
// 根據(jù)請(qǐng)求的圖片和各個(gè)請(qǐng)求參數(shù)，如Uri，rotationDegrees，resize，centerCorp，centerInside等
// 生成一個(gè)用于標(biāo)識(shí)的字符串，作為緩存中的key
String requestKey = createKey(request);
// 第二個(gè)分支：從緩存中獲取
// 如果設(shè)置了緩存（通過(guò)memoryPolicy方法設(shè)置），先試圖從緩存獲取，獲取成功直接返回
if (shouldReadFromMemoryCache(memoryPolicy)) {
Bitmap bitmap = picasso.quickMemoryCacheCheck(requestKey);
if (bitmap != null) {
picasso.cancelRequest(target);
setBitmap(target, picasso.context, bitmap, MEMORY, noFade, picasso.indicatorsEnabled);
if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
log(OWNER_MAIN, VERB_COMPLETED, request.plainId(), "from " + MEMORY);
}
if (callback != null) {
callback.onSuccess();
}
return;
}
}
if (setPlaceholder) {
setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
}
// 第三個(gè)分支：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)或文件系統(tǒng)加載
// 如果從緩存獲取失敗，則生成一個(gè)Action來(lái)加載該圖片。
// 一個(gè)Action包含了complete/error/cancel等回調(diào)函數(shù)
// 對(duì)應(yīng)了圖片加載成功，失敗，取消加載的操作
Action action =
new ImageViewAction(picasso, target, request, memoryPolicy, networkPolicy, errorResId,
errorDrawable, requestKey, tag, callback, noFade);
// 通過(guò)picasso對(duì)象將該action加入執(zhí)行隊(duì)列，里面的任務(wù)通過(guò)ThreadPoolExecutor線程池執(zhí)行
picasso.enqueueAndSubmit(action);
}
這個(gè)函數(shù)是個(gè)很關(guān)鍵的函數(shù)，我們可以將它作為理解Picasso加載過(guò)程的一條主線。該函數(shù)首先通過(guò)checkMain檢查是不是在主線程發(fā)起調(diào)用，由于加載圖片需要對(duì)UI進(jìn)行操作，所以必須在主線程進(jìn)行函數(shù)的調(diào)用。
static void checkMain() {
if (!isMain()) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Method call should happen from the main thread.");
}
}
static boolean isMain() {
return Looper.getMainLooper().getThread() == Thread.currentThread();
}
checkMain的實(shí)現(xiàn)是通過(guò)比較當(dāng)前線程和MainLooper線程是否是同一個(gè)線程進(jìn)行的。
完成主線程檢查后，判斷有沒(méi)有設(shè)置圖片來(lái)源，包括Uri或Resource ID等，如果沒(méi)設(shè)置不進(jìn)行加載。
// 如果沒(méi)有要加載的圖片Uri或ResourceID，取消
if (!data.hasImage()) {
picasso.cancelRequest(target);
if (setPlaceholder) {
setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
}
return;
}
接下來(lái)判斷可以立即加載，還是需要延遲加載。延遲加載的場(chǎng)景是使用fit()方法進(jìn)行圖片尺寸自適應(yīng)調(diào)整的時(shí)候。如果設(shè)置圖片根據(jù)需要展示的View的尺寸進(jìn)行自動(dòng)調(diào)整，而且這個(gè)View的寬度或高度設(shè)置為0（比如通過(guò)weight進(jìn)行相對(duì)寬高的設(shè)置），那么代碼執(zhí)行到這里的時(shí)候View可能還沒(méi)完成測(cè)量的過(guò)程，還沒(méi)有計(jì)算出實(shí)際的寬高，就需要等測(cè)量完成后才進(jìn)行加載，也就是延遲加載，這里作為into函數(shù)三個(gè)分支的第一個(gè)分支。
延遲加載時(shí)通過(guò)DeferredRequestCreator類(lèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)的：
class DeferredRequestCreator implements OnPreDrawListener, OnAttachStateChangeListener {
private final RequestCreator creator;
@VisibleForTesting final WeakReference<ImageView> target;
@VisibleForTesting Callback callback;
DeferredRequestCreator(RequestCreator creator, ImageView target, Callback callback) {
this.creator = creator;
this.target = new WeakReference<>(target);
this.callback = callback;
// 給目標(biāo)View注冊(cè)onAttachStateChangeListener
target.addOnAttachStateChangeListener(this);
// Only add the pre-draw listener if the view is already attached.
// See: https://github.com/square/picasso/issues/1321
if (target.getWindowToken() != null) {
onViewAttachedToWindow(target);
}
}
// 添加onAttachStateChangeListener的兩個(gè)方法
@Override public void onViewAttachedToWindow(View view) {
view.getViewTreeObserver().addOnPreDrawListener(this);
}
// 添加onAttachStateChangeListener的兩個(gè)方法
@Override public void onViewDetachedFromWindow(View view) {
view.getViewTreeObserver().removeOnPreDrawListener(this);
}
@Override public boolean onPreDraw() {
ImageView target = this.target.get();
if (target == null) {
return true;
}
ViewTreeObserver vto = target.getViewTreeObserver();
if (!vto.isAlive()) {
return true;
}
int width = target.getWidth();
int height = target.getHeight();
if (width <= 0 || height <= 0 || target.isLayoutRequested()) {
return true;
}
target.removeOnAttachStateChangeListener(this);
vto.removeOnPreDrawListener(this);
this.target.clear();
// 通過(guò)unfit函數(shù)取消延遲加載的標(biāo)識(shí)，通過(guò)resize設(shè)置尺寸，最后通過(guò)into函
// 數(shù)生成最終的Request并提交到線程池去執(zhí)行
this.creator.unfit().resize(width, height).into(target, callback);
return true;
}
...
}
DeferredRequestCreator實(shí)現(xiàn)延遲加載，是通過(guò)給目標(biāo)View注冊(cè)onAttachStateChangeListener監(jiān)聽(tīng)器實(shí)現(xiàn)的，監(jiān)聽(tīng)器的兩個(gè)接口函數(shù)onViewAttachedToWindow，onViewDetachedFromWindow分別對(duì)應(yīng)了一個(gè)View被放置到界面上，和從界面上收回兩個(gè)時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)。在onViewAttachedToWindow中，給view的ViewTreeObserver添加onPreDrawListener監(jiān)聽(tīng)器，并在onViewDetachedFromWindow中刪除該監(jiān)聽(tīng)器。onPreDrawListener監(jiān)聽(tīng)器的onPreDraw接口函數(shù)會(huì)在界面完成測(cè)量后將要被展示出來(lái)前調(diào)用，此時(shí)可以獲取到view的寬高，從而知道需要將加載的圖片縮放到的具體尺寸。獲取到具體尺寸后就可以通過(guò)unfit函數(shù)取消延遲加載的標(biāo)識(shí)，通過(guò)resize設(shè)置尺寸，最后通過(guò)into函數(shù)生成最終的Request并提交到線程池去執(zhí)行。
這是into函數(shù)里面需要延遲執(zhí)行的情形的處理。如果沒(méi)有通過(guò)fit進(jìn)行自適應(yīng)，而是一開(kāi)始就指定了需要加載圖片的寬高，就走第二個(gè)分支的邏輯，嘗試從緩存獲取。
Request request = createRequest(started);
// 根據(jù)請(qǐng)求的圖片和各個(gè)請(qǐng)求參數(shù)，如Uri，rotationDegrees，resize，centerCorp，centerInside等
// 生成一個(gè)用于標(biāo)識(shí)的字符串，作為緩存中的key
String requestKey = createKey(request);
// 第二個(gè)分支：從緩存中獲取
// 如果設(shè)置了緩存（通過(guò)memoryPolicy方法設(shè)置），先試圖從緩存獲取，獲取成功直接返回
if (shouldReadFromMemoryCache(memoryPolicy)) {
Bitmap bitmap = picasso.quickMemoryCacheCheck(requestKey);
if (bitmap != null) {
picasso.cancelRequest(target);
setBitmap(target, picasso.context, bitmap, MEMORY, noFade, picasso.indicatorsEnabled);
if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
log(OWNER_MAIN, VERB_COMPLETED, request.plainId(), "from " + MEMORY);
}
if (callback != null) {
callback.onSuccess();
}
return;
}
}
createRequest會(huì)根據(jù)RequestCreator的各個(gè)設(shè)置項(xiàng)生成一個(gè)request，然后通過(guò)createKey生成一個(gè)key值：
private Request createRequest(long started) {
int id = nextId.getAndIncrement();
// data.build構(gòu)造者模式
Request request = data.build();
request.id = id;
request.started = started;
boolean loggingEnabled = picasso.loggingEnabled;
if (loggingEnabled) {
log(OWNER_MAIN, VERB_CREATED, request.plainId(), request.toString());
}
// 如果設(shè)置了RequestTransformer則先transform一下request
Request transformed = picasso.transformRequest(request);
if (transformed != request) {
// If the request was changed, copy over the id and timestamp from the original.
transformed.id = id;
transformed.started = started;
if (loggingEnabled) {
log(OWNER_MAIN, VERB_CHANGED, transformed.logId(), "into " + transformed);
}
}
return transformed;
}
static String createKey(Request data, StringBuilder builder) {
if (data.stableKey != null) {
builder.ensureCapacity(data.stableKey.length() + KEY_PADDING);
builder.append(data.stableKey);
} else if (data.uri != null) {
String path = data.uri.toString();
builder.ensureCapacity(path.length() + KEY_PADDING);
builder.append(path);
} else {
builder.ensureCapacity(KEY_PADDING);
builder.append(data.resourceId);
}
builder.append(KEY_SEPARATOR);
if (data.rotationDegrees != 0) {
builder.append("rotation:").append(data.rotationDegrees);
if (data.hasRotationPivot) {
builder.append('@').append(data.rotationPivotX).append('x').append(data.rotationPivotY);
}
builder.append(KEY_SEPARATOR);
}
if (data.hasSize()) {
builder.append("resize:").append(data.targetWidth).append('x').append(data.targetHeight);
builder.append(KEY_SEPARATOR);
}
if (data.centerCrop) {
builder.append("centerCrop:").append(data.centerCropGravity).append(KEY_SEPARATOR);
} else if (data.centerInside) {
builder.append("centerInside").append(KEY_SEPARATOR);
}
if (data.transformations != null) {
//noinspection ForLoopReplaceableByForEach
for (int i = 0, count = data.transformations.size(); i < count; i++) {
builder.append(data.transformations.get(i).key());
builder.append(KEY_SEPARATOR);
}
}
return builder.toString();
}
從createKey的實(shí)現(xiàn)可以看出，同一個(gè)來(lái)源的圖片，如果加載參數(shù)不同，會(huì)生成不同的key，并分別存儲(chǔ)到緩存中。接下來(lái)判斷是否設(shè)置了內(nèi)存緩存，如果設(shè)置的話通過(guò)picasso.quickMemoryCacheCheck根據(jù)key查找緩存內(nèi)容，找到的話返回這個(gè)bitmap，并設(shè)置給view。
public class Picasso {
...
final Cache cache;
...
Bitmap quickMemoryCacheCheck(String key) {
// 從Cache中查找
Bitmap cached = cache.get(key);
if (cached != null) {
stats.dispatchCacheHit();
} else {
stats.dispatchCacheMiss();
}
return cached;
}
...
}
我們看看Cache類(lèi)具體是怎樣實(shí)現(xiàn)的：
public interface Cache {
/** Retrieve an image for the specified {@code key} or {@code null}. */
Bitmap get(String key);
/** Store an image in the cache for the specified {@code key}. */
void set(String key, Bitmap bitmap);
/** Returns the current size of the cache in bytes. */
int size();
/** Returns the maximum size in bytes that the cache can hold. */
int maxSize();
/** Clears the cache. */
void clear();
/** Remove items whose key is prefixed with {@code keyPrefix}. */
void clearKeyUri(String keyPrefix);
/** A cache which does not store any values. */
Cache NONE = new Cache() {
@Override public Bitmap get(String key) {
return null;
}
@Override public void set(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
// Ignore.
}
@Override public int size() {
return 0;
}
@Override public int maxSize() {
return 0;
}
@Override public void clear() {
}
@Override public void clearKeyUri(String keyPrefix) {
}
};
}
可以看到，Cache是一個(gè)接口類(lèi)，規(guī)范了一系列對(duì)緩存的操作接口，包括get/set/size/clear等，還包含一個(gè)空實(shí)現(xiàn)。Picasso提供了一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)了Cache接口的類(lèi)LruCache，用戶也可以提供自己的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
public class LruCache implements Cache {
final LinkedHashMap<String, Bitmap> map;
private final int maxSize;
private int size;
private int putCount;
private int evictionCount;
...
public LruCache(int maxSize) {
if (maxSize <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Max size must be positive.");
}
this.maxSize = maxSize;
this.map = new LinkedHashMap<>(0, 0.75f, true);
}
@Override public Bitmap get(@NonNull String key) {
if (key == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("key == null");
}
Bitmap mapValue;
synchronized (this) {
mapValue = map.get(key);
if (mapValue != null) {
hitCount++;
return mapValue;
}
missCount++;
}
return null;
}
@Override public void set(@NonNull String key, @NonNull Bitmap bitmap) {
if (key == null || bitmap == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("key == null || bitmap == null");
}
int addedSize = Utils.getBitmapBytes(bitmap);
if (addedSize > maxSize) {
return;
}
synchronized (this) {
putCount++;
size += addedSize;
Bitmap previous = map.put(key, bitmap);
if (previous != null) {
size -= Utils.getBitmapBytes(previous);
}
}
trimToSize(maxSize);
}
}
private void trimToSize(int maxSize) {
while (true) {
String key;
Bitmap value;
synchronized (this) {
if (size < 0 || (map.isEmpty() && size != 0)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
getClass().getName() + ".sizeOf() is reporting inconsistent results!");
}
if (size <= maxSize || map.isEmpty()) {
break;
}
// LinkedHashMap遍歷輸出的順序跟元素插入的順序相同，所以緩存的換出機(jī)制是FIFO
Map.Entry<String, Bitmap> toEvict = map.entrySet().iterator().next();
key = toEvict.getKey();
value = toEvict.getValue();
map.remove(key);
size -= Utils.getBitmapBytes(value);
evictionCount++;
}
}
}
...
}
LruCache通過(guò)一個(gè)LinkedHashMap來(lái)存儲(chǔ)圖片鍵值對(duì)，LinkedHashMap結(jié)合了鏈表的FIFO特性以及HashMap的鍵值對(duì)存取特性，通過(guò)iterator遍歷的時(shí)候保證先加入的先遍歷到，當(dāng)緩存的大小達(dá)到設(shè)定值的時(shí)候，通過(guò)trimToSize函數(shù)進(jìn)行緩存的換出，借助LinkedHashMap實(shí)現(xiàn)FIFO的換出策略。同時(shí)注意由于多個(gè)線程可以同時(shí)存取緩存，需要進(jìn)行線程同步機(jī)制，這里是通過(guò)synchronized加鎖實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
如果緩存沒(méi)有命中，進(jìn)入into函數(shù)第三個(gè)分支，通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)或文件系統(tǒng)加載。
// 第三個(gè)分支：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)或文件系統(tǒng)加載
// 如果從緩存獲取失敗，則生成一個(gè)Action來(lái)加載該圖片。
// 一個(gè)Action包含了complete/error/cancel等回調(diào)函數(shù)
// 對(duì)應(yīng)了圖片加載成功，失敗，取消加載的操作
Action action =
new ImageViewAction(picasso, target, request, memoryPolicy, networkPolicy, errorResId,
errorDrawable, requestKey, tag, callback, noFade);
// 通過(guò)picasso對(duì)象將該action加入執(zhí)行隊(duì)列，里面的任務(wù)通過(guò)ThreadPoolExecutor線程池執(zhí)行
picasso.enqueueAndSubmit(action);
這里一次圖片加載的操作是通過(guò)一個(gè)Action來(lái)表示的，Action是一個(gè)接口類(lèi)，提供了跟一次圖片加載相關(guān)的操作，比如請(qǐng)求的Request，網(wǎng)絡(luò)緩存策略，內(nèi)存緩存策略，加載成功的回調(diào)函數(shù)，失敗的回調(diào)，取消的回調(diào)等。
abstract class Action<T> {
static class RequestWeakReference<M> extends WeakReference<M> {
final Action action;
public RequestWeakReference(Action action, M referent, ReferenceQueue<? super M> q) {
super(referent, q);
this.action = action;
}
}
final Picasso picasso;
final Request request;
final WeakReference<T> target;
abstract void complete(Bitmap result, Picasso.LoadedFrom from);
abstract void error(Exception e);
void cancel() {
cancelled = true;
}
...
}
Picasso提供了幾種Action的實(shí)現(xiàn)，包括ImageViewAction（圖片加載并展示到ImageView），NotificationAction（圖片加載并展示到Notification），GetAction（圖片同步加載不展示），F(xiàn)etchAction（圖片異步加載并設(shè)置回調(diào)函數(shù)）等，下面給出ImageViewAction的代碼：
class ImageViewAction extends Action<ImageView> {
Callback callback;
ImageViewAction(Picasso picasso, ImageView imageView, Request data, int memoryPolicy,
int networkPolicy, int errorResId, Drawable errorDrawable, String key, Object tag,
Callback callback, boolean noFade) {
super(picasso, imageView, data, memoryPolicy, networkPolicy, errorResId, errorDrawable, key,
tag, noFade);
this.callback = callback;
}
@Override public void complete(Bitmap result, Picasso.LoadedFrom from) {
if (result == null) {
throw new AssertionError(
String.format("Attempted to complete action with no result!\n%s", this));
}
ImageView target = this.target.get();
if (target == null) {
return;
}
Context context = picasso.context;
boolean indicatorsEnabled = picasso.indicatorsEnabled;
PicassoDrawable.setBitmap(target, context, result, from, noFade, indicatorsEnabled);
if (callback != null) {
callback.onSuccess();
}
}
@Override public void error(Exception e) {
ImageView target = this.target.get();
if (target == null) {
return;
}
Drawable placeholder = target.getDrawable();
if (placeholder instanceof AnimationDrawable) {
((AnimationDrawable) placeholder).stop();
}
if (errorResId != 0) {
target.setImageResource(errorResId);
} else if (errorDrawable != null) {
target.setImageDrawable(errorDrawable);
}
if (callback != null) {
callback.onError(e);
}
}
@Override void cancel() {
super.cancel();
if (callback != null) {
callback = null;
}
}
}
構(gòu)造完Action通過(guò)picasso對(duì)象加入線程池執(zhí)行：
// 通過(guò)picasso對(duì)象將該action加入執(zhí)行隊(duì)列，里面的任務(wù)通過(guò)ThreadPoolExecutor線程池執(zhí)行
picasso.enqueueAndSubmit(action);
public class Picasso {
...
final Dispatcher dispatcher;
...
void enqueueAndSubmit(Action action) {
Object target = action.getTarget();
if (target != null && targetToAction.get(target) != action) {
// This will also check we are on the main thread.
cancelExistingRequest(target);
targetToAction.put(target, action);
}
submit(action);
}
void submit(Action action) {
dispatcher.dispatchSubmit(action);
}
...
}
Picasso調(diào)用Dispatcher類(lèi)進(jìn)行消息的分發(fā)：
class Dispatcher {
...
final Handler handler;
...
Dispatcher(Context context, ExecutorService service, Handler mainThreadHandler,
Downloader downloader, Cache cache, Stats stats) {
...
this.handler = new DispatcherHandler(dispatcherThread.getLooper(), this);
...
}
void dispatchSubmit(Action action) {
handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(REQUEST_SUBMIT, action));
}
...
}
DispatcherHandler提供對(duì)各種動(dòng)作的響應(yīng)，包括提交一個(gè)Action，取消Action，暫停等等。
private static class DispatcherHandler extends Handler {
private final Dispatcher dispatcher;
public DispatcherHandler(Looper looper, Dispatcher dispatcher) {
super(looper);
this.dispatcher = dispatcher;
}
@Override public void handleMessage(final Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case REQUEST_SUBMIT: {
Action action = (Action) msg.obj;
dispatcher.performSubmit(action);
break;
}
case REQUEST_CANCEL: {
Action action = (Action) msg.obj;
dispatcher.performCancel(action);
break;
}
case TAG_PAUSE: {
Object tag = msg.obj;
dispatcher.performPauseTag(tag);
break;
}
case TAG_RESUME: {
Object tag = msg.obj;
dispatcher.performResumeTag(tag);
break;
}
case HUNTER_COMPLETE: {
BitmapHunter hunter = (BitmapHunter) msg.obj;
dispatcher.performComplete(hunter);
break;
}
case HUNTER_RETRY: {
BitmapHunter hunter = (BitmapHunter) msg.obj;
dispatcher.performRetry(hunter);
break;
}
case HUNTER_DECODE_FAILED: {
BitmapHunter hunter = (BitmapHunter) msg.obj;
dispatcher.performError(hunter, false);
break;
}
case HUNTER_DELAY_NEXT_BATCH: {
dispatcher.performBatchComplete();
break;
}
case NETWORK_STATE_CHANGE: {
NetworkInfo info = (NetworkInfo) msg.obj;
dispatcher.performNetworkStateChange(info);
break;
}
case AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGE: {
dispatcher.performAirplaneModeChange(msg.arg1 == AIRPLANE_MODE_ON);
break;
}
default:
Picasso.HANDLER.post(new Runnable() {
@Override public void run() {
throw new AssertionError("Unknown handler message received: " + msg.what);
}
});
}
}
}
我們看一下提交一個(gè)Action最終是怎樣得到執(zhí)行的：
void performSubmit(Action action, boolean dismissFailed) {
if (pausedTags.contains(action.getTag())) {
pausedActions.put(action.getTarget(), action);
if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_PAUSED, action.request.logId(),
"because tag '" + action.getTag() + "' is paused");
}
return;
}
BitmapHunter hunter = hunterMap.get(action.getKey());
if (hunter != null) {
hunter.attach(action);
return;
}
if (service.isShutdown()) {
if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_IGNORED, action.request.logId(), "because shut down");
}
return;
}
// 根據(jù)每個(gè)Action創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Hunter對(duì)象，并通過(guò)ExecutorService提交到線程池執(zhí)行
hunter = forRequest(action.getPicasso(), this, cache, stats, action);
hunter.future = service.submit(hunter);
hunterMap.put(action.getKey(), hunter);
if (dismissFailed) {
failedActions.remove(action.getTarget());
}
if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_ENQUEUED, action.request.logId());
}
}
可以看到performSubmit函數(shù)會(huì)根據(jù)每個(gè)Action創(chuàng)建一個(gè)BitmapHunter對(duì)象，并通過(guò)ExecutorService提交到線程池執(zhí)行。BitmapHunter是一個(gè)多線程類(lèi)，提供了加載圖片的操作：
class BitmapHunter implements Runnable {
@Override public void run() {
try {
updateThreadName(data);
if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_EXECUTING, getLogIdsForHunter(this));
}
result = hunt();
if (result == null) {
dispatcher.dispatchFailed(this);
} else {
dispatcher.dispatchComplete(this);
}
} catch (NetworkRequestHandler.ResponseException e) {
if (!NetworkPolicy.isOfflineOnly(e.networkPolicy) || e.code != 504) {
exception = e;
}
dispatcher.dispatchFailed(this);
}
...
}
...
}
看一下hunt()函數(shù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)：
Bitmap hunt() throws IOException {
Bitmap bitmap = null;
// 再次嘗試從內(nèi)存緩存獲取，之前沒(méi)再內(nèi)存緩存中，說(shuō)不定這時(shí)候已經(jīng)在了
if (shouldReadFromMemoryCache(memoryPolicy)) {
bitmap = cache.get(key);
if (bitmap != null) {
stats.dispatchCacheHit();
loadedFrom = MEMORY;
if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_DECODED, data.logId(), "from cache");
}
return bitmap;
}
}
networkPolicy = retryCount == 0 ? NetworkPolicy.OFFLINE.index : networkPolicy;
// 通過(guò)requestHandler.load進(jìn)行加載
RequestHandler.Result result = requestHandler.load(data, networkPolicy);
if (result != null) {
loadedFrom = result.getLoadedFrom();
exifOrientation = result.getExifOrientation();
bitmap = result.getBitmap();
// If there was no Bitmap then we need to decode it from the stream.
if (bitmap == null) {
Source source = result.getSource();
try {
// 獲取加載成功的bitmap
bitmap = decodeStream(source, data);
} finally {
try {
//noinspection ConstantConditions If bitmap is null then source is guranteed non-null.
source.close();
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
}
}
if (bitmap != null) {
if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_DECODED, data.logId());
}
stats.dispatchBitmapDecoded(bitmap);
// 如果設(shè)置了對(duì)bitmap的transform函數(shù)，執(zhí)行transform操作
if (data.needsTransformation() || exifOrientation != 0) {
synchronized (DECODE_LOCK) {
if (data.needsMatrixTransform() || exifOrientation != 0) {
bitmap = transformResult(data, bitmap, exifOrientation);
if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_TRANSFORMED, data.logId());
}
}
if (data.hasCustomTransformations()) {
bitmap = applyCustomTransformations(data.transformations, bitmap);
if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_TRANSFORMED, data.logId(), "from custom transformations");
}
}
}
if (bitmap != null) {
stats.dispatchBitmapTransformed(bitmap);
}
}
}
// 完成加載成功的bitmap
return bitmap;
}
再次嘗試從內(nèi)存緩存獲取，之前沒(méi)再內(nèi)存緩存中，說(shuō)不定這時(shí)候已經(jīng)在了。如果獲取不到，調(diào)用RequestHandler的load函數(shù)進(jìn)行真正的加載操作。
RequestHandler是個(gè)虛基類(lèi)，提供了統(tǒng)一的加載接口：
public abstract class RequestHandler {
...
@Nullable public Bitmap getBitmap() {
return bitmap;
}
@Nullable public abstract Result load(Request request, int networkPolicy) throws IOException;
...
}
NetworkRequestHandler，ContactsPhotoRequestHandler，AssetRequestHandler，ContentStreamRequestHandler,ResourceRequestHandler等都實(shí)現(xiàn)了RequestHandler基類(lèi)，分別提供了網(wǎng)絡(luò)加載，聯(lián)系人圖片加載，Asset資源加載，文件加載，Resource資源圖片加載等不同的加載方式。
這樣，就完成了Picasso加載圖片的整個(gè)流程分析。代碼量適中，結(jié)構(gòu)也比較清晰，適合閱讀學(xué)習(xí)。
