iOS App開發(fā)中的Cookie
一、何為Cookie
Cookie是網(wǎng)站為了便是終端身份，保存在終端本地的用戶憑證信息。Cookie中的字段與意義由服務(wù)端進(jìn)行定義。例如，當(dāng)用戶在某個(gè)網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行了登錄操作后，服務(wù)端會(huì)將Cookie信息返回給終端，終端會(huì)將這些信息進(jìn)行保存，在下一次再次訪問這個(gè)網(wǎng)站時(shí)，終端會(huì)將保存的Cookie信息一并發(fā)送到服務(wù)端，服務(wù)端根據(jù)Cookie信息是否有效來判斷此用戶是否可以自動(dòng)登錄。
二、iOS中進(jìn)行Cookie管理的兩個(gè)類
iOS中進(jìn)行HTTP網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求Cookie管理主要由兩個(gè)類負(fù)責(zé)，一個(gè)類是NSHTTPCookieStorage類，一個(gè)是NSHTTPCookie類。
1.NSHTTPCookieStorage
NSHTTPCookieStorage類采用單例的設(shè)計(jì)模式，其中管理著所有HTTP請(qǐng)求的Cookie信息，常用方法如下：
//獲取單例對(duì)象
+ (NSHTTPCookieStorage *)sharedHTTPCookieStorage;
//所有Cookie數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)組 其中存放NSHTTPCookie對(duì)象
@property (nullable , readonly, copy) NSArray *cookies;
//手動(dòng)設(shè)置一條Cookie數(shù)據(jù)
- (void)setCookie:(NSHTTPCookie *)cookie;
//刪除某條Cookie信息
- (void)deleteCookie:(NSHTTPCookie *)cookie;
//刪除某個(gè)時(shí)間后的所有Cookie信息 iOS8后可用
- (nullable NSArray *)cookiesForURL:(NSURL *)URL;
//獲取某個(gè)特定URL的所有Cookie數(shù)據(jù)
- (void)removeCookiesSinceDate:(NSDate *)date NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
//為某個(gè)特定的URL設(shè)置Cookie
- (void)setCookies:(NSArray *)cookies forURL:(nullable NSURL *)URL mainDocumentURL:(nullable NSURL *)mainDocumentURL;
//Cookie數(shù)據(jù)的接收協(xié)議
/*
枚舉如下：
typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicy) {
NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyAlways,//接收所有Cookie信息
NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyNever,//不接收所有Cookie信息
NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyOnlyFromMainDocumentDomain//只接收主文檔域的Cookie信息
};
*/
@property NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicy cookieAcceptPolicy;
系統(tǒng)下面的兩個(gè)通知與Cookie管理有關(guān)：
//Cookie數(shù)據(jù)的接收協(xié)議改變時(shí)發(fā)送的通知
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSHTTPCookieManagerAcceptPolicyChangedNotification;
//管理的Cookie數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)生變化時(shí)發(fā)送的通知
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSHTTPCookieManagerCookiesChangedNotification;
2.NSHTTPCookie
NSHTTPCookie是具體的HTTP請(qǐng)求Cookie數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象，其中屬性方法如下：
//下面兩個(gè)方法用于對(duì)象的創(chuàng)建和初始化 都是通過字典進(jìn)行鍵值設(shè)置
- (nullable instancetype)initWithProperties:(NSDictionary *)properties;
+ (nullable NSHTTPCookie *)cookieWithProperties:(NSDictionary *)properties;
//返回Cookie數(shù)據(jù)中可用于添加HTTP頭字段的字典
+ (NSDictionary *)requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:(NSArray *)cookies;
//從指定的響應(yīng)頭和URL地址中解析出Cookie數(shù)據(jù)
+ (NSArray *)cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:(NSDictionary *)headerFields forURL:(NSURL *)URL;
//Cookie數(shù)據(jù)中的屬性字典
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSDictionary *properties;
//請(qǐng)求響應(yīng)的版本
@property (readonly) NSUInteger version;
//請(qǐng)求相應(yīng)的名稱
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *name;
//請(qǐng)求相應(yīng)的值
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *value;
//過期時(shí)間
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSDate *expiresDate;
//請(qǐng)求的域名
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *domain;
//請(qǐng)求的路徑
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *path;
//是否是安全傳輸
@property (readonly, getter=isSecure) BOOL secure;
//是否只發(fā)送HTTP的服務(wù)
@property (readonly, getter=isHTTPOnly) BOOL HTTPOnly;
//響應(yīng)的文檔
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSString *comment;
//相應(yīng)的文檔URL
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSURL *commentURL;
//服務(wù)端口列表
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSArray *portList;
三、清除Cookie
清除所有的cookie 方法：
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"];
if (url) {
NSArray *cookies = [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookiesForURL:url];
for (int i = 0; i < [cookies count]; i++) {
NSHTTPCookie *cookie = (NSHTTPCookie *)[cookies objectAtIndex:i];
[[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] deleteCookie:cookie];
}
清除某一個(gè)特定的cookie方法：
NSArray * cookArray = [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookiesForURL:[NSURL URLWithString:self.loadURL]]; NSString * successCode = @""; for (NSHTTPCookie*cookie in cookArray) { if ([cookie.name isEqualToString:@"cookiename"]) { [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] deleteCookie:cookie]; } }
清除某一個(gè)url緩存的方法：
[[NSURLCache sharedURLCache] removeCachedResponseForRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]];
清除所有緩存方法：
[[NSURLCache sharedURLCache] removeAllCachedResponses];
引用或相關(guān)資料：
http://www.jb51.net/article/88173.htm
iOS關(guān)于Cookie驗(yàn)證登錄狀態(tài)
原文：iOS關(guān)于Cookie驗(yàn)證登錄狀態(tài)
1、第一次進(jìn)入應(yīng)用，登錄獲取Cookie，此時(shí)如果用到的是AFN去獲取接口數(shù)據(jù)，Cookie已經(jīng)寫入了，所以無需處理，每次請(qǐng)求的時(shí)候，會(huì)自動(dòng)將該cookie傳給后臺(tái)去驗(yàn)證
2、將Cookie緩存到本地：
NSData *cookiesData = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject: [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies]];
NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[defaults setObject: cookiesData forKey:@"Cookie"];
[defaults synchronize];
3、當(dāng)?shù)诙芜M(jìn)入應(yīng)用的時(shí)候，先判斷NSUserDefault是否有緩存的Cookie，如果有，需要將cookie寫入，然后進(jìn)入應(yīng)用
NSArray *cookies = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:@"Cookie"]];
NSHTTPCookieStorage * cookieStorage = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];
for (NSHTTPCookie * cookie in cookies){
[cookieStorage setCookie: cookie];
}
4、當(dāng)用戶選擇退出登錄，需要清除緩存中的cookie，同時(shí)要將NSUserDefault中的Cookie刪除
（1）清除請(qǐng)求頭中的Cookie：
NSHTTPCookieStorage *manager = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];
NSArray *cookieStorage = [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies];
for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in cookieStorage) {
[manager deleteCookie:cookie];
}
（2）清除NSUserDefault中的Cookie
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] removeObjectForKey:@"Cookie"];
[defaults synchronize];
注意：關(guān)于Cookie還有有效期，就看后臺(tái)怎么定義，前端只要判斷是否過了有效期，如果過了有效期，如果過了有效期，就需要用戶重新登錄，反之則不需要
iOS UIWebView 通過 cookie 完成自動(dòng)登錄
1、相關(guān)介紹
iOS在UIWebView中獲取的cookie的方法：NSHTTPCookieStorage* nCookies = [NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage];
再具體獲取某個(gè)域的cookie：NSArray* cookiesURL = [nCookiescookiesForURL:[NSURLURLWithString:@"你的URL"]];
通過[[NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage]setCookie:userCookie]方法將cookies來保存起來，但是這樣雖然可以保存cookies但是你應(yīng)用退出之后還是會(huì)丟失(其實(shí)是cookies過期的問題)，做好的方法是把cookies放到NSUserDefaults保存起來.
2、實(shí)現(xiàn)
1.在UIWebView的代理方法中實(shí)現(xiàn)獲取cookies并將cookies放到NSUserDefaults保存起來：- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView*)webView中寫入
- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView*)webView{
NSArray*nCookies = [[NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage]cookies];
for(NSHTTPCookie*cookieinnCookies){
if([cookieisKindOfClass:[NSHTTPCookieclass]]){
if([cookie.nameisEqualToString:@"PHPSESSID"]) {
NSNumber*sessionOnly =[NSNumbernumberWithBool:cookie.sessionOnly];
NSNumber*isSecure = [NSNumbernumberWithBool:cookie.isSecure];
NSArray*cookies = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:cookie.name, cookie.value, sessionOnly, cookie.domain, cookie.path, isSecure,nil];
[[NSUserDefaultsstandardUserDefaults]setObject:cookiesforKey:@"cookies"];
break;
}
}
}
}
2.獲取cookies：運(yùn)行之后，UIWebView加載url之前獲取保存好的cookies，并設(shè)置cookies，
NSArray*cookies =[[NSUserDefaultsstandardUserDefaults]objectForKey:@"cookies"];
if(cookies.count>0) {
NSMutableDictionary*cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionarydictionary];
[cookiePropertiessetObject:[cookiesobjectAtIndex:0]forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];
[cookiePropertiessetObject:[cookiesobjectAtIndex:1]forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];
[cookiePropertiessetObject:[cookiesobjectAtIndex:3]forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];
[cookiePropertiessetObject:[cookiesobjectAtIndex:4]forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];
NSHTTPCookie*cookieuser = [NSHTTPCookiecookieWithProperties:cookieProperties];
[[NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage]setCookie:cookieuser];
}
注意：要在[self.webView loadRequest:req];之前設(shè)置獲取cookies！
iOS AFNetworking中cookie重定向代碼
// 1. 取出需要同步的url (登錄請(qǐng)求中返回的重定向地址)
BESTHttpItem *httpItem = [BESTHttpHelper sharedHelper].curHttpItem;
NSString *url = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/#/login", httpItem.frontend_addr];
// 2. 取出當(dāng)前的headerFields
NSDictionary *headerFields = [NSHTTPCookie requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:self.cookies];
// 3. 替換cookie地址
[NSHTTPCookie cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:headerFields forURL:[NSURL URLWithString:url]];
ios 網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信過程cookie的使用
今天做項(xiàng)目接口需要用到http通信傳輸將數(shù)據(jù)傳存儲(chǔ)到cookie進(jìn)行通信，在網(wǎng)上找了一些方法，都是關(guān)于如何操作cookie的，明確指出如何將cookie配置到http請(qǐng)求體內(nèi)的blog不多，現(xiàn)在說明如下：
在進(jìn)行一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信之后設(shè)備就會(huì)產(chǎn)生Cookie數(shù)據(jù)：
如果獲取的Cookie為空，那么發(fā)起一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求即可產(chǎn)生Cookie；
NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];for(NSHTTPCookie *cookiein[cookieJar cookies]) {? NSLog(@"%@", cookie);}
獲取所有Cookie然后刪除；
NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];NSArray*_tmpArray = [NSArrayarrayWithArray:[cookieJar cookies]];for(idobj in _tmpArray) {? ? [cookieJar deleteCookie:obj];? }
設(shè)置指定的Cookie,這樣做只會(huì)設(shè)置Cookie到系統(tǒng)，在進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求的時(shí)候并不會(huì)帶著Cookie到服務(wù)端，這是很多blog未提及的；
NSMutableDictionary *cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];? [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"username"forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];? [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"password"forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];? [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"io"forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];? [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"com"forKey:NSHTTPCookieOriginURL];? [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"/"forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];? [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"0"forKey:NSHTTPCookieVersion];? NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [NSHTTPCookie cookieWithProperties:cookieProperties];? [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage]setCookie:cookie];
上面說了Cookie的一些操作，現(xiàn)在對(duì)如何在請(qǐng)求中帶著cookie通信
1:蘋果自帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求庫攜帶cookie通信
//Cookie的基本設(shè)置? ? NSDictionary *properties = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];? ? [propertiessetValue:cookieValueforKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];? ? [propertiessetValue:cookieKeyforKey:NSHTTPCookieName];? ? [propertiessetValue:@""forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];? ? [propertiessetValue:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:60*60]forKey:NSHTTPCookieExpires];? ? [propertiessetValue:@"/"forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];? ? NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [[NSHTTPCookie alloc] initWithProperties:properties];? ? NSArray *cookies=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:cookie,nil];? ? NSDictionary *headers=[NSHTTPCookie requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:cookies];? ? //將cookie塞進(jìn)Request請(qǐng)求? ? NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:pathStr];? ? NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];? ? request.timeoutInterval = self.timeoutInterval;? ? [requestsetValue:@"application/json"forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];? ? [requestsetValue:[headers objectForKey:@"Cookie"]forHTTPHeaderField:@"Cookie"];
這樣就可以把cookie帶到服務(wù)端進(jìn)行通信了；
2:AFN攜帶cookie通信
同樣，關(guān)于AFN如何攜帶cookie進(jìn)行通信，網(wǎng)上的一些資料說的不是很明確，現(xiàn)說明如下：
NSString*cookieValue = @"AQIC5wM2LY4SfcxpzbIz4Pm51J82O5VFMd50x_es65I1DNU.*AAJTSQACMDEAAlNLABM1NjQ2MDM4ODMzNDI0NDkxOTcy*,JSESSIONID=50B3DDCD8ADDA7ACB3E5C36EFD0BB62F";NSString*cookieKey = @"iPlanetDirectoryPro";//Cookie的基本設(shè)置NSDictionary*properties = [[NSMutableDictionaryalloc] init];? ? [properties setValue:cookieValue forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];? ? [properties setValue:cookieKey forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];? ? [properties setValue:@""forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];? ? [properties setValue:[NSDatedateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:60*60] forKey:NSHTTPCookieExpires];? ? [properties setValue:@"/"forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];? ? NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [[NSHTTPCookie alloc] initWithProperties:properties];NSArray*cookies=[NSArrayarrayWithObjects:cookie,nil];NSDictionary*headers=[NSHTTPCookie requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:cookies];NSMutableDictionary*dic = [NSMutableDictionarydictionary];? ? [dic setObject:tokenIdValue forKey:tokenIdKey];? ? AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];//將Cookie綁定request請(qǐng)求[manager.requestSerializersetValue:[headers objectForKey:@"Cookie"] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Cookie"];? ? [manager GET:urlString parameters:dic success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation,idresponseObject) {? ? } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation,NSError*error) {? ? }];
上述2種方式親測(cè)可行；
