CopyOnWriteArrayList是一種線程安全的ArrayList實現(xiàn)

它使用的是一種寫時復制的方法，當有新元素添加到CopyOnWriteArrayList時，先從原有的數(shù)組中拷貝一份出來，然后在新的數(shù)組做寫操作，寫完之后，再將原來的數(shù)組引用指向到新數(shù)組

它定義了一個內(nèi)部數(shù)組，并且只能通過getArray()、setArray()操作，保證操作的原子性

 /** The array, accessed only via getArray/setArray. */
    private transient volatile Object[] array;

    /**
     * Gets the array.  Non-private so as to also be accessible
     * from CopyOnWriteArraySet class.
     */
    final Object[] getArray() {
        return array;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the array.
     */
    final void setArray(Object[] a) {
        array = a;
    }

定義了一把鎖，對所有的寫操作上鎖，保證同一時刻只有一個線程進行寫操作

 /** The lock protecting all mutators */
 final transient ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

示例-添加

    /**
     * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
     *
     * @param e element to be appended to this list
     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
     */
    public boolean add(E e) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            Object[] elements = getArray();
            int len = elements.length;
            Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
            newElements[len] = e;
            setArray(newElements);
            return true;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

示例-移除

 /**
     * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list,
     * if it is present.  If this list does not contain the element, it is
     * unchanged.  More formally, removes the element with the lowest index
     * {@code i} such that
     * <tt>(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))</tt>
     * (if such an element exists).  Returns {@code true} if this list
     * contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this list
     * changed as a result of the call).
     *
     * @param o element to be removed from this list, if present
     * @return {@code true} if this list contained the specified element
     */
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        Object[] snapshot = getArray();
        int index = indexOf(o, snapshot, 0, snapshot.length);
        return (index < 0) ? false : remove(o, snapshot, index);
    }

    /**
     * A version of remove(Object) using the strong hint that given
     * recent snapshot contains o at the given index.
     */
    private boolean remove(Object o, Object[] snapshot, int index) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            Object[] current = getArray();
            int len = current.length;
            if (snapshot != current) findIndex: {   //java8,增加了復雜性。
                int prefix = Math.min(index, len);
                for (int i = 0; i < prefix; i++) {
                    if (current[i] != snapshot[i] && eq(o, current[i])) {
                        index = i;
                        break findIndex;
                    }
                }
                if (index >= len)
                    return false;
                if (current[index] == o)
                    break findIndex;
                index = indexOf(o, current, index, len);
                if (index < 0)
                    return false;
            }
            Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1];
            System.arraycopy(current, 0, newElements, 0, index);
            System.arraycopy(current, index + 1,
                             newElements, index,
                             len - index - 1);
            setArray(newElements);
            return true;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

所有的讀操作都是不需要加鎖的

示例-獲取

     /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E get(int index) {
        return get(getArray(), index);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private E get(Object[] a, int index) {
        return (E) a[index];
    }

優(yōu)缺點

高性能的讀取，適合讀遠大于寫的場景

寫操作需要拷貝數(shù)組，容易導致gc、只能保證最終一致性，不能夠保證實時讀取