短文改錯滿分之路
老師叮嚀：李輝老師說，做題是必要的。輝哥絕非讓你不做題，而是讓你“先學(xué)方法考點(diǎn)再做題”。事實(shí)上，高考對我們的要求很高，光“會”是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，必須做到足夠的“熟”，才能得高分——而這非得經(jīng)過超級大量、超高強(qiáng)度的刷題才能實(shí)現(xiàn)！所以想要短文改錯滿分，就要先學(xué)方法，再做題。下文經(jīng)過了全網(wǎng)首席高考英語名師李輝老師團(tuán)隊(duì)高度認(rèn)真的整理校對，無錯、可信！可供全國各省高中生打印、學(xué)習(xí)！
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一、高考短文改錯命題特征
(一)注意答題說明及答題規(guī)范
1.本題滿分10分，給出一篇約100個單詞的短文，文中有10處錯誤，要求考生對每個句子進(jìn)行判斷，如有錯誤即將其改正。錯誤類型包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯等方面的錯誤。
2.文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加(1個)在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫上該加的詞。
刪除(1個)把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。不計分。
修改(8個)在錯的詞下面劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。
⑴多一個詞，要求考生刪除的通常是：冠詞、介詞、連詞、不定式符號、助動詞。
⑵少一個詞，要考考生添加的通常是：冠詞、介詞、連詞、不定式符號、物主代詞。
⑶錯一個詞，要求考生改正的通常是：
①名詞：該用單數(shù)卻用了復(fù)數(shù)，該用復(fù)數(shù)卻用了單數(shù)，該用所有格的卻用了通格。
②動詞：謂語動詞的時態(tài)一致、主謂一致、過去式或過去分詞的拼寫錯誤；非謂語動詞的三種形式(to do, doing, done)之間的混用。
③代詞：前后指代不一致。人稱不一致、單復(fù)數(shù)不一致、性別不一致，以及主語與賓格的誤用、形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的誤用等。
④詞類錯用：該用形容詞時卻用了副詞，該用副詞時卻用了形容詞，以及其他詞性之間的混用。
⑤常用詞的辨析：here與there, some與any, many與much, ago與before, beside與besides, ever與never, either與neither, very, much與very much, used to與be used to等。
另外，考過的還有do wrong與go wrong, cut off與cut down, think over與think of, somewhere與everywhere等。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞。
2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
(二)試題的情景特征
1.選材：語言材料通常取自學(xué)生自己的作品，或類似學(xué)生的作品。題材以記敘文為主。
2.話題：內(nèi)容來自學(xué)生身邊的常見話題。
3.結(jié)構(gòu)：篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的難易程度符合學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平。
4.語言：語言明白易懂。
5.語法：基本上不涉及生僻的語言現(xiàn)象和繁難的語句結(jié)構(gòu)。
(三)設(shè)題特征
1.設(shè)題角度：詞法、句法和行文邏輯。從這三個角度考查考生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力。
2.每行錯誤：多詞、少詞和錯詞。其中，多詞、少詞各占一個，錯詞占八個。
3.八道錯詞設(shè)題主要考查動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞代詞等，其中，實(shí)詞考查最多。
4.多詞和少詞錯誤主要涉及介詞和冠詞等虛詞。
(四)主要考查內(nèi)容
1.識別錯誤并準(zhǔn)確校正錯誤的能力；
2.綜合運(yùn)用英語知識的能力；
3.準(zhǔn)確理解語篇、掌握內(nèi)容及行文邏輯的能力。
二、高考短文改錯應(yīng)試技巧
第一步：通讀全文，了解大意。通過瀏覽全文，從宏觀上把握文章的主旨、時態(tài)、人稱，為下一步的糾錯做好準(zhǔn)備。
第二步：逐句推敲，糾正錯誤。仔細(xì)閱讀每個句子，同時找出并糾正錯誤。
第三步：重讀全文，修正答案。重新仔細(xì)閱讀全文，檢查已修改的部分是否正確且符合邏輯，并盡可能發(fā)現(xiàn)漏掉的錯誤。
【注意】
①六原則
1.以在有錯行改動一詞為原則
2.以改變實(shí)詞形式為原則
3.以單詞形式變化最小為原則
4.以添加或刪除虛詞為原則
5.以多”改正”少“添刪”為原則
6.以保持原意不變?yōu)樵瓌t
②四不改
1.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號不改。
2.大小寫不改。
3.詞序錯誤不改。
4.單詞拼寫不改。
[if !supportLists]三、[endif]短文改錯常見錯誤
[if !supportLists]1.?[endif]詞法錯誤
包含句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧⑿稳菰~和副詞間的轉(zhuǎn)化、名詞變形、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、所有格、人稱代詞的主格和賓格、形容詞性的物主代詞和名詞性的物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、關(guān)系代詞、先行詞、固定搭配、冠詞、形容詞比較級
(一)動詞及時態(tài)類：主要考查主謂一致、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、情態(tài)動詞、系動詞等
(1)通讀全文，搞清文中動詞時態(tài)的主旋律。
(2)結(jié)合語境，靈活運(yùn)用時態(tài)形式。
(3)認(rèn)真推敲，準(zhǔn)確把握主動與被動。
Eg:①(2014卷I)We had?been allowing tomatoes to self...(have)
②(2013卷I)I was only four when she passes?away.(passed)
③She used to holding?me on her knees.(hold)
④(2012全國卷)When I tear?apart my fifth birthday toy train.(tore)
⑤When things did?wrong,...(did-went或did-were)
⑥I mustmake my toys to last.(could/might)(去掉to)
(二)名詞冠詞類
(1)牢記名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，人稱變化分清數(shù)。
(2)熟背詞組兼短語，冠詞用法就三種。
Eg:①(2014卷I)...for all these year.(years)
②(2013卷I)He was tall,with broad shoulder?and a beard...(shoulders)
③(2012卷I)I destroyed each of my toy.(toys)
④(2014卷I)As∧result,the plants are growing...
(a)
⑤(2013卷I)In a fact,he even scared my?classmates away.(去掉a)
(三)形容詞與副詞類
(1)修飾名詞、作賓補(bǔ)及連系動詞后用形容詞。
(2)修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞及整個句子時用副詞。
(3)比較級和最高級的使用：比如最基本的good/bad/well/far/little/few/much/many
Eg:①(2014卷I)The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste.(tasty)
②There are so much?that we share.(many)
③We are growing wonderfully.(wonderful)
④Nearly five years before.(ago)
⑤(2013卷I)I remember my grandfather very much.(well/clearly)
⑥I have never?known.(ever)
⑦(2012全國卷)I had to be more patient and little?aggressive.(less)
(四)代詞類
(1)順藤摸瓜，理清短文中代詞的指代關(guān)系，注意聯(lián)系上下文。
(2)系統(tǒng)掌握it的各種用法。
①it is/was...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
②it is+形容詞+for/of sb.+to do sth
③it doesn’t matter...
④it’s no use doing sth...
Eg:①(2013卷I)Which set himself?apart from others.(him)
②(2012全國卷)I got angry and broke it.(them).
③For a while∧parents bought me new toys.
(my)
④....they began to see which?was happening.(what)
(五)介詞類
(1)平時的學(xué)習(xí)中注意積累語言知識，特別是一些固定搭配的記憶.含有介詞(in,by,with,on)的搭配。 Eg:in front of,in face of,in charge of,in place of,in honor of,in Emery of等等。
(2)強(qiáng)化語法訓(xùn)練，分清連詞、副詞和介詞之間的區(qū)別和句法功能。
(3)語法知識的記憶和語感的培養(yǎng)結(jié)合起來。
Eg.①(2014卷I)...and with the help by?our father,(of)
②(2013卷I)...that turned from?black toward gray.(to/into)
③(2012全國卷)No more toys to?you.(for)
(六)連詞類
(1)連詞?？糱ut,and,or,so.
(2)連詞的邏輯錯誤以及搭配錯誤。
(3)其他連詞：both...and.../either...or...neither...nor.../not only...but also...等。
Eg:①(2014卷I)...butwe have never had...(去掉but或者改為yet)
②(2013卷I)....during?they came over to play...(when)
③....in our small town,∧he was strong...
(and)
2.句法錯誤
從句法上考查簡單句、復(fù)合句的否定、疑問、倒裝、省略等。
3.行文邏輯錯誤
考查人物的性別、時間先后、肯定及否定、因果、并列與轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系等。
解決方案：詞法句法均未錯,邏輯推理來尋找。主要是句子之間邏輯關(guān)系的矛盾，肯定與否定、代詞在人稱上的不一致等。一個句子符合基本結(jié)構(gòu)，即具備最基本的主語和謂語?？赏ㄟ^此特征判斷句子是否缺成分或多成分。
Eg:①(2014卷I)...the plants are growing somewhere.(everywhere)
②(2013卷I)I have never?known.(ever)
[if !supportLists]四、[endif]例題
(2014·遼寧) 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
Dear Jeremy and Alice，
Although we've been delighted to have you as neighbors,we're hoping to settle something that bothers to us.In a word,your dog—Cleo.
We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking.It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.Beside,Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock.That is too much for us,considering how closely the houses are.
We appreciate our apologies and goodwill,but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.
Sincerely，
Jack and Rose
【答案】 1.去掉to???
2.time→times??
3.understanding→understand??
4.have→has
5.Beside→Besides
6.a→an??
7.starts→started
8.closely→close
9.our→your
10.figure后加out
【解析】這是作者給鄰居Jeremy and Alice寫的一封信，信中反映了鄰居家的小狗Cleo經(jīng)常制造噪音，影響了作者的休息和生活，作者希望鄰居能找出一個解決問題的辦法．
1．去掉to；考查動詞，bother意為"打擾"，是及物動詞，后面可直接跟賓語，故把to去掉．
2．time改成times；考查名詞，time此處作"次數(shù)"講，是可數(shù)名詞，前面有several修飾，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式times．
3．understanding改成understand；考查動詞，不定式符號to后面要跟動詞原形，It is difficult to do意為"做某事有困難"．
4．have改成has；考查主謂一致，主語The early morning barking為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)．
5．Beside改成Besides；考查形近單詞辨析，beside意為"在…旁邊"，besides意為"除…之外，另外"，結(jié)合句意此處要用besides．
6．a(chǎn)改成an；考查冠詞，average以元音因素開頭，前面的不定冠詞要用an．
7．starts改成started；考查動詞的時態(tài)，根據(jù)時間狀語this morning可知此處講述過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去式．
8．closely改成close；考查形容詞，此處用形容詞形式作系動詞are的表語．
9．our改成your；考查物主代詞，結(jié)合上下文分析可知此處應(yīng)是"你們的道歉"，故把our改為your．
10．figure后面加out；考查固定短語，figure out是固定短語，意為"得出，算出，解決"
五、真題練習(xí)
Passage 1 (2016·全國Ⅰ)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.Though not very big,,but the Restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some People even had to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steady.
Passage 2 (2016·全國Ⅱ)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
刪除：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.But in that case, we will learn little about world.If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain know ledges we cannot get from books.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.
Passage 3 (2016·全國Ⅲ)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best and worse years in my life.At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.However，my parents didn’t seem to think such.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time,I ever felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college.At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
Passage 4 (2016·四川)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
It is Mother’s Day today.Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now.
Mom has a full－time job，so she has to do most of the houseworks.She is a great mother.Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day.We get up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritest.At dinner,we said to her，“Happy Mother’s Day！”Mom was grateful and moving.
Passage 5 (2016·浙江)
下面短文中有10處語言錯誤。請?jiān)谟绣e誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個單詞。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫上該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
When I was a very young children,my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.Every time he arrived home at end of the day,we’d greet her at the door.He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us.Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.While they chat，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.It was both excited and frightening to be up there!
My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there.
Passage 6 (2015·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(﹨)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
When I was a child,I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean or the mountains are green.Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out.We must found ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so，we'll live to regret it.
Passage 7 (2015·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later,Tony saw parents.Mom said，“How nice to see you again！Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
Passage 8 (2015·四川)
下面短文中有10處語言錯誤。請?jiān)谟绣e誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個單詞。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：
1．每句不超過兩個錯誤；
2．每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一次；
3．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
Hi, Janice，
It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.
As I tell you last time,I made three new friend here.We hang out together during lunch and after school.We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.And I started to see this as a time-wasting activity! In fact,I don't like to go anymore, so I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship.How do you think I should do? If you are me,would you talk to him?
Please help with me and give me some advice.
Grace
Passage 9 (2015·陜西)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線(??)，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
My soccer coach retired in last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world,so I decide to ask her for help.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.I thought the biscuits were really well.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.
At a party,my coach,with a biscuit in his mouth,asked surprisingly who made them and joked,“I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”
My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!
Passage 10 (2015·浙江)
下面短文中有10處語言錯誤。請?jiān)谟绣e誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個單詞。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫上該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(﹨)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.On the left-hand side of the class,I could easy see the football field.In the mornings,it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.Farther in the distance,I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains.On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom,I will never forget it.
Passage 11 (2014·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
Nearly five years before,and with the help by our father,my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.Since then－ for all these year－we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.As result，the plants are growing somewhere.The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
Passage 12 (2014·浙江)
下面短文中有10處語言錯誤。請?jiān)谟绣e誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個單詞。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫上該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
I was taking a train to London's Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.
Before long，a train inspector comes to check our tickets.A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket but became quite upset.Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket,which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.
No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before.Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help.If we could show concern to others on need,the world would be a better place to live in.
Passage 13 (2014·四川)
下面短文中有10處語言錯誤。請?jiān)谟绣e誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個單詞。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每句不超過兩個錯誤；
2．每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
3．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
Hello，boys and girls！Today,I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off.If you hear the alarm,stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.Stay close to your teacher and classmate.Don't panic or get out of line,and trying to remain quiet and calmly.Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.If it's a false alarm and there is no fire,your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt,tell your teacher immediately.
Passage 14 (2014·陜西)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\ )劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線(????)，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven.He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees.My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.
One evening at sunset,we sat by the fire,have our barbecue.Just then a bird was flying over us.My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.Neither of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky－they were looked like rain！We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.
That day I didn't learn much about animals,insects or trees,but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!
【參考答案】 Passage 1
1．that→where [考查賓語從句的連詞用法。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，介詞to之后為賓語從句。從句謂語是不及物動詞live。故用where引導(dǎo)。]
2．去掉but [考查從屬連詞與并列連詞。從屬連詞though不可與并列連詞but連用。]
3．had→ have [考查語境中的時態(tài)運(yùn)用。根據(jù)上下文語境可知此處要用一般現(xiàn)在時。]
4．honest→ honesty [考查名詞作表語。由句意“他成功的關(guān)鍵是誠信”可知應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞形式。]
5．or→and [考查并列連詞的用法。根據(jù)句意可知二者之間為并列關(guān)系而非選擇關(guān)系。]
6．using→used [考查固定短語的用法。be used for“用來做”，為固定短語。]
7．在dreams之后加上of或about [考查短語動詞。固定短語dream of/about (doing) sth.的意思是“夢想做某事”。]
8．the→a [考查代詞的用法。in a short period of time為固定詞組，意思是“短時間內(nèi)”。]
9．our→his [考查冠詞的用法。短文介紹了my uncle誠信經(jīng)營餐館的事情，故將our改為his。]
10．steady→steadily [考查副詞的用法。修飾謂語動詞用副詞。]
Passage 2
1．how→what [考查疑問詞的用法。我和同學(xué)正在談?wù)摷倨诶镒鍪裁?。固定表達(dá)what to do，如果用how結(jié)構(gòu)為how to do sth.]
2．chose→choose [考查動詞形式。根據(jù)語法知識可知，情態(tài)動詞can后要用動詞原形。]
3．take→taking [考查非謂語動詞的用法。此處為between...and...結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)前面的staying at home可知，此處也要用動名詞形式，與前面保持一致。]
4．but→and [考查連詞的用法。如果呆在家里，感覺舒適，還不花錢。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)是并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。]
5．world前加the [考查定冠詞的用法。此處特指我們所生活的這個世界。]
6．your→our [考查形容詞性物主代詞的用法。根據(jù)前面的主語we可知，此處要用our，表示“我們能夠開闊我們的視野”。]
7．know ledges→knowledge [考查不可數(shù)名詞的用法。knowledge為不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。]
8．去掉can或can→should [考查虛擬語氣。suggest表示“建議”，后面的賓語從句要用should do形式，should可以省略，故答案有兩種改法。]
9．thought→think [考查一般現(xiàn)在時的用法。我認(rèn)為這是一個好主意。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處并不是過去的看法，而是現(xiàn)在的看法。]
10．many→much [考查代詞的用法。這樣不會花很多錢。cost much花費(fèi)很多。此處也可理解為much money的省略。]
Passage 3
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 本文主要講述了青少與父母之間的關(guān)系。
1．year→years [此處指13～19 歲的年齡，故用復(fù)數(shù)。]
2．worse→worst [與前面的best并列，此處應(yīng)用最高級。]
3．去掉the [at first 固定短語。]
4．yourself→myself [根據(jù)句意，此處指“我自己”。]
5．such→so [so 指已經(jīng)提到的事。]
6．tell→told [此處應(yīng)用過去時態(tài)。]
7．freely→free [此處應(yīng)用形容詞作表語。]
8．wear→wearing [此處用動名詞作介詞的賓語。]
9．to→for [固定搭配 leave for 去……。]
10．whenever后加I [whenever引導(dǎo)狀語從句，從句缺少主語I。]
Passage 4
1．so→but [前后句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。]
2．houseworks→housework [housework是不可數(shù)名詞。]
3．or →and [both...and是固定搭配。]
4．get→got [這里說的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，因此用一般過去時。]
5．去掉on [go shopping去買東西。]
6．her→his [爸爸去購物，從句主語是he，因此物主代詞形式用his。]
7．kitchen前加the [上文雖未提及kitchen，但聽話者一定知其所指，因此，kitchen前加定冠詞。]
8．what→which/that或去掉what [引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作賓語，指物，用關(guān)系代詞that/which，也可省略。]
9．favorite→favorite [favorite 為無等級形容詞。]
10．moving→moved [moving多用來修飾事物，moved用來指人。]
Passage 5
1．children→child [因?yàn)榍懊嬗胁欢ü谠~a，所以這里用單數(shù)。故children改成child。]
2．late→later [late是形容詞“遲的”，或副詞“遲地”，但是“一段時間后面應(yīng)該接later”，表示“……時間以后”。故late改成later。]
3．a(chǎn)t后面加the [at the end of 為固定搭配。]
4．her→him [根據(jù)上文可知我們每天在門口迎接爸爸。用him指代my father，作greet的賓語。故her改成him。]
5．was→were [這句話的主語是we，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，而且這篇文章是作者回憶小時候的事情，用一般過去時。故was改成were。]
6．knowing→know [pretend后面接不定式作賓語，這里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。]
7．去掉had [would do 表示“過去常常做”。]
8．chat→chatted [根據(jù)主句內(nèi)容my father would lift my sister 可知while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用一般過去時。故chat改成chatted。]
9．in→on [on the top of...為固定搭配，意為“在……頂部”。故in改成on。]
10．excited→exciting [這句話的主語是形式主語it，真正的主語是to be up there，主語是物的時候，表語應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞形式的形容詞。故excited改成exciting。]
Passage 6
1．think→thought [考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)前面一句可知，這是發(fā)生在小時候的事情，故用一般過去時態(tài)。]
2．countryside前加the [考查冠詞的用法。in the countryside (在鄉(xiāng)村)為固定短語。]
3．or→and [考查并列詞的用法。那兒的空氣潔凈，群山蔥綠。由句意可知兩個分句之間顯然為并列關(guān)系，而非選擇關(guān)系。]
4．on→with [考查介詞的用法。with the development of...為一固定短語，意思是“隨著……的發(fā)展”。]
5．去掉been [考查被動語態(tài)的用法。眾多研究表明，全球變暖已經(jīng)成為一個十分嚴(yán)重的問題。由句意可知，studies和謂語show之間為主動關(guān)系，故要用主動語態(tài)。]
6．seriously→serious [考查形容詞的用法。修飾名詞problem應(yīng)當(dāng)用形容詞。]
7．a(chǎn)irs→air [考查不可數(shù)名詞的用法。air作“空氣”講時為不可數(shù)名詞。]
8．Much→Many [考查代詞的用法。Animals為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故用many。]
9．found→find [考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。情態(tài)動詞后面要接動詞原形。]
10．your→our [考查語境中代詞的用法。依據(jù)前后句的語境及邏輯關(guān)系可知your與上下文相悖，結(jié)合句意應(yīng)當(dāng)改為our/the才能使句意通順。]
Passage 7
1．parent→parents [考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。由第五句中的“his parents were missing.”可知此處應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。]
2．on→in [考查介詞的用法。玩具是擺放在商店的櫥窗里面的，故用介詞in。]
3．去掉very [考查固定句型的用法。由語境可知，托尼非常喜歡這個玩具，于是快速走進(jìn)商店。so...that...為固定句型，意思是“如此……以致于……”，故去掉very。]
4．looks→looking [考查省略的用法。After之后省去了主語he，he與look at之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。]
5．去掉where或where→that [考查賓語從句連接詞的用法。動詞found之后為賓語從句，從句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，意思完整，故將where去掉或改為沒有詞義且不作成分的that。]
6．begun→began [考查并列謂語的用法。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，begin與was scared并列，因此，要用一般過去時。]
7．telling→told [考查并列謂語的用法。有一位婦女看到他哭泣就告訴他去商店外面等。由句意可知，tell這一動作是這個婦女發(fā)出的，應(yīng)當(dāng)與saw構(gòu)成并列謂語。故改用told。]
8．a(chǎn)→the [考查冠詞的用法。表示談話雙方共知的名詞前要用定冠詞。]
9．saw后加his [考查物主代詞的用法。根據(jù)句意及英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，應(yīng)當(dāng)在parents前加上與主語相一致的物主代詞。]
10．terrible→terribly [考查副詞的用法。形容詞worried之前要用副詞來修飾。]
Passage 8
1．want后加to??[考查動詞want的用法，want后用不定式作狀語，故加上to。]
2．tell→told [考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語last time可知，此句需用一般過去時，故把tell改成told。句意：正如我上次告訴你的那樣。]
3．friend→friends [考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。名詞friend為可數(shù)名詞，其前有three修飾，需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故把friend改成friends。句意：我在這兒交了三個新朋友。]
4．sing→singing [考查動名詞作賓語。本句考查句型spend...(in)doing sth結(jié)構(gòu)，故把sing改成singing。]
5．many→much [考查代詞。根據(jù)句意，指的是花費(fèi)很多錢，故用much而非many。句意：那真的花費(fèi)很多。]
6．so→but [考查連詞。上一分句句意：我不想再去；下一分句句意：我怕失去他們的友誼，兩個分句之間有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故把so改成but。]
7．How→What [考查疑問詞的選擇。本句中do之后缺少賓語，故用what。]
8．a(chǎn)re→were [考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符，故把a(bǔ)re改成were。句意：如果你是我，……。]
9．him→them [考查代詞。根據(jù)上文可知，作者交了三個朋友，故用them。句意：你會和他們說嗎？]
10．去掉with [考查動詞。動詞help為及物動詞，其后接賓語時無需加介詞，故去掉with。句意：請幫幫我，給我一些建議。]
Passage 9
1．去掉in [last week上個星期，前面無需加冠詞。]
2．a(chǎn)nything→something [something用在肯定句中，表示“一些事”，anything“任何事”。]
3．better→best [我的媽媽做了世界上最好吃的餅干，此處不是比較含義，應(yīng)是最高級(best)。]
4．decide→decided [全文的時態(tài)都是一般過去時，故把decide改為decided。]
5．step→steps [根據(jù)前面的some，step應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。]
6．well→good [作表語的是形容詞good，well是副詞，作狀語。]
7．a(chǎn)fter→when/while [我唯一所犯的錯誤就是當(dāng)我包裝餅干的時候，掉在地上一些。when/while當(dāng)……的時候，after 在……之后。]
8．a(chǎn)→the [此處表特指，at the party 在晚會上。]
9．just后加to [動詞不定式表示目的，我也許得再退休一次，能吃到更多的餅干。]
10．enjoy→enjoying [and連接兩個并列的(動)名詞，enjoy是動詞，所以改成enjoying。]
Passage 10
1．第一句：side→sides [考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。前面有three修飾，故要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。]
2．第一句：from→of [考查固定表達(dá)。be made of是指不經(jīng)過加工，能直接看出原材料；be made from是指經(jīng)過加工，不能直接看出原料。]
3．第二句：sit→sitting [考查非謂語動詞。動詞enjoy后要接動名詞作賓語。]
4．第三句：easy→easily [考查形容詞和副詞的錯用。修飾動詞see要有副詞形式。]
5．第五句：is→was [考查動詞的時態(tài)。本文描述的是作者原來的舊教室，故要時態(tài)保持一致，用一般過去時。]
6．第六句：them→it [考查代詞的錯用。代替前面的單數(shù)a beautiful park要用it。]
7．第七句：not去掉 [考查邏輯關(guān)系。在更遠(yuǎn)處，我可以欣賞雪山的美景。]
8．第九句：in后加a [考查固定表達(dá)。in a hurry匆匆忙忙。]
9．第十句：felt→feel [考查非謂語動詞。make sb do...使某人做某事。]
10．最后一句：If→Although/Though [考查狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞。盡管在那座教室學(xué)習(xí)時我是唯一的一個孩子，但我將永遠(yuǎn)忘不了它。]
Passage 11
1．第一句中before→ago [ago常與一般過去時連用；before常與完成時連用，這里謂語是planted，用的是過去式，故用ago。]
2．第一句中by→of [with the help of...在……的幫助下。]
3．第二句中year→years [由前面all these可知應(yīng)用year的復(fù)數(shù)形式。]
4．第二句中had→have [根據(jù)時間狀語“since then”可知，主句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時，所以把had變?yōu)閔ave。]
5．第三句中as后加a [as a result為固定搭配，譯為“結(jié)果”。]
6．第三句中somewhere→everywhere [因?yàn)榉N子落在哪里就在哪里生根發(fā)芽，所以這種植物長得到處都是。everywhere到處；somewhere某處。]
7．第四句中taste→tasty [are后面應(yīng)用形容詞，and連接形容詞juicy和tasty。]
8．第五句中much→many [根據(jù)謂語are可知后面應(yīng)用修飾可數(shù)名詞的many，而much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。]
9．第六句中but去掉或改為yet [although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，不可與but連用，但可以與yet連用。]
10．第七句中wonderfully→wonderful [因tomatoes為名詞應(yīng)用形容詞修飾，所以把副詞改為形容詞。]
Passage 12
1．去掉had [考查時態(tài)一致。文章主體時態(tài)為一般過去時。]
2．noise→noisy [考查詞性。be動詞后應(yīng)用形容詞，noise為名詞。]
3．comes→came [考查時態(tài)，before long后用一般過去時。]
4．but→and [考查句子關(guān)系。一位乘客意識到他的票不見了，他開始不安起來。應(yīng)為承接關(guān)系，而非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。]
5．searching后加for [考查固定搭配。search for＝look for尋找。]
6．his→its/the [考查代詞指代。此處是票的主人用its或主人the owner。]
7．a(chǎn)→the [考查冠詞。上文提到過用the表特指。]
8．previous→previously [考查形容詞、副詞用法。修飾動詞的應(yīng)為副詞，previous是形容詞。]
9．strangers→stranger [考查前后一致。從上文看，丟票的是一個人，故應(yīng)用單數(shù)。]
10．on→in [考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。in need需要。]
Passage 13
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 這是一篇實(shí)用文體，向讀者介紹遇到火警時的正確做法。
1．with→about [talk with后面常跟指人的詞，意思是“同某人交談”。talk about意為“談?wù)摗?。]
2．go→goes [表達(dá)客觀事實(shí)通常使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。a fire alarm為單數(shù)名詞，故謂語動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用單數(shù)第三人稱形式。]
3．在wait之后加上for [wait為不及物動詞，后跟賓語時要加上介詞for。]
4．classmate→classmates [classmate為可數(shù)名詞，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。]
5．trying→try [根據(jù)and一詞可知本句與前面的祈使句并列，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用動詞原形。]
6．calmly→calm [由并列連詞and可知本詞與quiet都作系動詞remain的表語。故詞性應(yīng)與quiet一致。]
7．a(chǎn)→the [前文已提到火災(zāi)，這里特指那場火。]
8．us→you [根據(jù)短文意思可知這是老師告訴同學(xué)們的一些注意事項(xiàng)。用的均是第二人稱。]
9．去掉when [賓語從句中使用了兩個連接詞，根據(jù)句意“如果你們注意到有人失蹤或受傷……”可知when是多余的。]
10．a(chǎn)nd→or [如果某人失蹤了，就無法判斷他受傷與否。這兩個詞之間是選擇關(guān)系，故用or。]
Passage 14
1．He wanted后加to [考查非謂語動詞。want to do sth想要做某事，為固定搭配。]
2．come→came [考查動詞時態(tài)。本文的主體時態(tài)為一般過去時。]
3．have→having [考查非謂語動詞。一個句子只能有一個謂語動詞，因此此處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞作伴隨狀語。]
4．immediate→immediately [考查形容詞副詞修飾關(guān)系。副詞修飾后面的動詞jumped up。]
5．on→at [考查介詞的使用。shoot at...朝……射擊。下文的Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky.也給本句提供了答案。]
6．Neither→None [考查不定代詞。根據(jù)前文的arrows一詞可以看出，此處不是只有兩只箭，因此把Neither改為None，表示三支以上。]
7．was→were [考查主謂一致。主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式arrows，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。]
8．去掉were [考查語態(tài)。look作為系動詞，無需用被動語態(tài)。]
9．but→and [考查連詞。根據(jù)句意：我們跑開了，幸運(yùn)的是，沒有人受傷?？梢钥闯?，此處為承接關(guān)系，并非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。]
10．a(chǎn)→an [考查冠詞的使用。后面的impressive一詞第一個讀音為元音，因此用an。]
【美文賞析】
Youth
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.
Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.
Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing appetite for what’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart, there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, courage and power from man and from the infinite, so long as you are young.
When your aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you’ve grown old, even at 20; but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there’s hope you may die young at 80.
【譯文】
青春
青春不是年華，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙熱的戀情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。
青春氣貫長虹，勇銳蓋過怯弱，進(jìn)取壓倒茍安。如此銳氣，二十后生而有之，六旬男子則更多見。年歲有加，并非垂老，理想丟棄，方墮暮年。
歲月悠悠，衰微只及肌膚；熱忱拋卻，頹廢必致靈魂。憂煩，惶恐，喪失自信，定使心靈扭曲，意氣如灰。
無論年屆花甲，擬或二八芳齡，心中皆有生命之歡樂，奇跡之誘惑，孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆有一臺天線，只要你從天上人間接受美好、希望、歡樂、勇氣和力量的信號，你就青春永駐，風(fēng)華常存。、
一旦天線下降，銳氣便被冰雪覆蓋，玩世不恭、自暴自棄油然而生，即使年方二十，實(shí)已垂垂老矣；然則只要樹起天線，捕捉樂觀信號，你就有望在八十高齡告別塵寰時仍覺年輕。
