第十二章 項目采購管理 Chapter 12 - Project Procurement Management
12.0 Processes 3大過程
12.1 Plan Procurement Mgmt. (P) - Documenting the procurement method; identifying potential sellers.
12.1 規(guī)劃采購管理 - 文檔記錄采購方法，識別潛在賣方。
12.2 Conduct Procurements (E) - Collecting seller responses, choosing a seller, and awarding a contract.
12.2 實施采購 - 獲取賣方應答，選擇賣方并授予合同。
12.3 Control Procurements (M) - Managing procurement relationships and monitor contract performance.
12.3 控制采購 - 管理采購關系、監(jiān)督合同績效。
"Plan Procurement Management" - Key Outputs 12.1 規(guī)劃采購管理 主要輸出
Procurement Management Plan - Describes how to acquire goods/services from external orgs.
采購管理計劃 - 說明如何從外部組織獲取產(chǎn)品/服務。
Procurement Strategy - Outlines delivery methods, contract types, and procurement phases.
采購策略 - 說明交付方式，合同類型以及采購階段。
Procurement Statement of Work (SOW) - The portion of the scope baseline to include in a contract.
采購工作說明書 - 合同中所包含的范圍基準部分。
Bid Documents - Used to solicit proposals from prospective sellers (e.g. RFI, RFP, RFQ).
招標文件 - 用來從賣方征求報價信息（如：RFI信息邀請書、RFP報價邀請書、RFQ建議邀請書）。
Make-or-Buy Decisions - Decisions about whether or not work needs to be purchased externally.
自制或外購決策 - 進行部分工作是否通過外購的決策。
Source Selection Criteria - The criteria used to rate or score sellers. (Such as overall cost).
供方選擇標準 - 用來對賣方進行排序或打分的標準（如總成本）。
Independent Cost Estimates - Generating our own cost estimate to use as a benchmark for bids.
獨立成本核算 - 產(chǎn)生我們自己的估算成本用來作為招標的標桿。
"Conduct Procurements" - Key Tools 12.2 實施采購 主要工具
Advertising - Using adverting to draw more potential sellers.
廣告 - 用廣告來獲得更多的潛在賣方。
Bidder Conferences - Meetings between the buyer and possible sellers prior to submittal of bids.
投標人會議 - 提交標書之前舉行的潛在賣方和買方之間的會議。
Data Analysis - Using a formal proposal evaluation review process.
數(shù)據(jù)分析 - 正式的標書評估。
Interpersonal Skills (Negotiation) - Used to clarify the structure and terms of a contract.
人際關系與團隊技能（談判）- 用來解釋組織結構和合同條款。
"Control Procurements" - Key Tools 12.3 控制采購 主要工具
Data Analysis 數(shù)據(jù)分析
- Performance Reviews - A structured review of the seller's progress.
- 績效審查 - 對賣方工作進程的結構化審查。
- Earned Value Analysis (EVA) - Assess the cost/schedule variance and performance of the seller.
- 掙值分析EVA - 評估賣方的成本/進度偏差及績效情況。
- Trend Analysis - Forecasting the estimated costs at completion (EAC).
- 趨勢分析 - 預測EAC完工估算。
Claims Administration - Handling contested changes where the buyer/seller don't agree (ADR).
索賠管理 - 處理買賣雙方存在爭議且無法達成一致意見的變化。（替代爭議解決方法ADR）
Audits - A review of the procurement process to identify sucessess and failures.
審計 - 對采購過程的結構化審查，識別采購過程是否成功。
Contract Types 合同類型
Fixed Price 總價合同
- Firm Fixed Price (FFP) - The price is determined at the start and is not subject to change.
- 固定總價FFP - 價格一開始就已定好且不根據(jù)變化而更改。
- Fixed Price Incentive Fee (FPIF) - Bounuses may be given if certain objectives are achieved.
- 總價加激勵費用FPIF - 某個目標達成那么將給予獎勵。
- Fixed Price w/Economic Price Adjustment (FP-EPA) - May adjust based on economic indices.
- 總價加經(jīng)濟價格調整FP-EPA - 將會根據(jù)經(jīng)濟形勢做相應調整。
Cost-Reimbursable 成本補償合同
- Cost Plus Fixed Fee (CFPP) - The seller is reimbursed for costs and given a fixed payment.
- 成本加固定費用CFPP - 賣方將根據(jù)成本獲得固定補償費用。
- Cost Plus Incentive Fee (CPIF) - Bonuses may be given if certain objectives are achieved.
- 成本加激勵費CPIF - 某個目標達成那么將給予獎勵。
- Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF) - A fee is earned if broad subjective performance criteria are met.
- 成本加獎勵費用 - 如果總體績效標準達標則可以獲得額外獎勵。
Time & Materials (T&M) - Cost may not be fully defined at the start and scope may be open-ended.
工料合同 - 成本無法完成在項目開始確定，將隨著范圍擴大而擴大。
