Chapter 4
There came to him, stirred by the warmth of the fire and the gentle aroma of tea, a thousand tangled recollections of old times[1]. Spring -- the Spring of 1896.[2]He was forty-eight -- an age at which a permanence of habits begins to be predictable[3]. He had just been appointed housemaster[4]; with this[5]and his classical forms[6], he had made for himself a warm and busy corner of life[7]. During the summer vacation he went up to the Lake District[8]with Rowden[9], a colleague[10]; they walked and climbed[11]for a week, until Rowden had to leave suddenly on some family business[12]. Chips stayed on[13]alone at Wasdale Head[14], where he boarded[15]in a small farmhouse[16].
One day, climbing on Great Gable[17], he noticed a girl waving[18]excitedly from a dangerous-looking ledge[19]. Thinking she was in difficulties[20], he hastened towards her, but in doing so[21]slipped himself and wrenched[22]his ankle. As it turned out[23], she was not in difficulties at all, but was merely signalling[24]to a friend farther down the mountain[25]; she was an expert climber[26], better even than Chips, who was pretty good[27]. Thus he found himself the rescued instead of the rescuer[28]; and neither role was one for which he had much relish[29]. For he did not, he would have said, care for women[30]; he never felt at home or at ease with them[31]; and that monstrous creature beginning to be talked about, the New Woman of the nineties, filled him with horror[32]. He was a quiet, conventional person, and the world, viewed from the haven of Brookfield, seemed to him full of distasteful innovations[33]; there was a fellow named Bernard Shaw[34]who had the strangest and most reprehensible[35]opinions; there was Ibsen[36], too, with his disturbing plays[37]; and there was this new craze for bicycling[38]which was being taken up[39]by women equally with men[40]. Chips did not hold with[41]all this modern newness and freedom. He had a vague notion[42], if he ever formulated it[43], that nice women were weak, timid, and delicate[44], and that nice men treated them with a polite but rather distant chivalry[45]. He had not, therefore, expected[46]to find a woman on Great Gable; but, having encountered one who seemed to need masculine help, it was even more terrifying that she should turn the tables by helping him[47]. For she did[48]. She and her friend had to[49]. He could scarcely walk[50], and it was a hard job getting him down the steep track to Wasdale[51].
[1] There came to him, stirred by the warmth of the fire and the gentle aroma [?'r??m?] of tea, a thousand tangled recollections of old times. There是虛詞；came的主語是recollections；stirred by ... aroma of tea是插入的分詞短語形式的定語短語，修飾him。全句的意思是“爐火的溫暖和茶的柔和的芳香勾起他無數(shù)紛繁的舊時回憶。”
[2] Spring -- the Spring of 1896名詞句；the Spring of 1896是Spring的同位語。
[3] a permanence ['p?:m?n?ns] of habits begins to be predictable習(xí)慣的定型開始可以預(yù)言；開始可以看得出固定的習(xí)慣。
[4] He had just been appointed housemaster他剛被任命為舍監(jiān)。housemaster是主語補足語，在appointed和housemaster之間可以加as或to be。
[5] this指舍監(jiān)的職位
[6] forms班級（在英國的公學(xué)中，常用form代class或grade。一般分六個年級，一年級開始，相當(dāng)于中學(xué)程度。）
[7] comer of life安身之處
[8] Lake District英國西北部的湖泊區(qū)。柯勒律治（Coleridge）、騷塞（Southey）和華茲華斯（Wordsworth）就因曾居住其間而被稱為湖畔詩人（Lake Poets）。
[9] Rowden ['ra?dn]羅登，姓氏
[10] colleague ['k?li:g]同事
[11] climbed [kla?md]爬山
[12] on some family business為了一些家事
[13] stayed on繼續(xù)待下去
[14] Wasdale ['w?zde?l] Head沃斯代爾岬角，地名。Head=Headland岬角。
[15] boarded寄膳宿
[16] farmhouse農(nóng)場里的（主要）住房（別于cottage）
[17] Great Gable大山墻，山名
[18] waving揮手
[19]dangerous-looking ledge [led?]看上去危險的山巖；險巖
[20] was in difficulties處于困難中；有困難
[21] in doing so在這樣做（指hastened towards her）的時候
[22] wrenched [rent?t]蹩痛，蹩傷
[23] As it turned out（待真相大白）原來是
[24] signalling打信號示意（指上文waving）
[25] farther down the mountain在那山（指Great Gable）的更遠處的（修飾friend）。down這里是“過去些”，而不是“下去些”。
[26] expert ['eksp?:t] climber ['kla?m?]爬山老手
[27] pretty ['pr?t?] good（爬山的本領(lǐng)）相當(dāng)好。這里pretty是副詞。
[28] he found himself the rescued instead of the rescuer ['reskj??]發(fā)覺自己是被救者而不是救人者。
[29] neither role was one for which he had much relish ['rel??]他對這兩個角色都沒有什么愛好。
[30] For he did not, he would have said, care for women因為——他會說——他對女人不感興趣。he would have said是插入語，虛擬語氣，省去“如果有人問他”等含意的條件從句；“他會說”，實際上并沒有說。care for對……感興趣；喜歡。
[31] never felt at home or at ease with them同她們交往總覺得局促不安。at home和at ease意義相似；仔細辨別，at home是外表的行動自在，at ease是內(nèi)心安寧。
[32] that monstrous creature beginning to be talked about, the New Woman of the nineties, filled him with horror ['h?r?]（當(dāng)時）開始被人談?wù)摰哪欠N可怕的東西——90年代的“新女性”——使他吃驚。creature指人，有愛慕或鄙夷的意味，這里有鄙意。beginning to be talked about分詞短語，修飾creature。the New Woman 19世紀(jì)末要求獨立、自由，反對習(xí)俗的女性，這里與creature同位。the nineties 90年代，這里指1890—1899年。
[33] the world, viewed from the haven of Brookfield, seemed to him full of distasteful innovations這個世界，在他從Brookfield這安寧的地方看來，似乎充滿著令人厭惡的新花樣。viewed from the haven of Brookfield是分詞短語，修飾world；haven原義“港口”，這里是轉(zhuǎn)義，是“安定的地方”的意思。
[34] Bernard ['b?:n?d] Shaw [??:]蕭伯納（1856—1950），愛爾蘭戲劇家、評論家。
[35] reprehensible [?repr?'hens?bl]應(yīng)受譴責(zé)的（從思想保守的Chips看來，蕭伯納的新奇見解自然不可取。）
[36] Ibsen ['?bsn] Henrik ['henr?k] Ibsen，易卜生（1828—1906），挪威戲劇家、詩人。
[37] disturbing plays使（社會）不安寧的劇本（易卜生的劇本中常提出一些社會問題，在保守的Chips看來是擾亂人心。）
[38] craze for bicycling ['ba?s?kl??]對于騎自行車的狂熱
[39] being taken up被從事
[40] equally with men和男子相等地。注意現(xiàn)代英語中equally后用with，不用as。
[41] hold with贊成
[42] He had a vague notion他有一種模模糊糊的想法。說a notion，后面卻接兩個that-從句，其實兩個that-從句所講的是一個想法的兩個方面，讀原文自明。
[43] if he ever formulated it這是插入的條件從句，it代表notion；假使他曾經(jīng)把這模糊的想法明確地表達出來（實際上未必明確過）。
[44] weak, timid ['t?m?d] , and delicate ['del?k?t]嬌弱，羞怯，溫柔的
[45] polite but rather distant chivalry ['??v?lr?]有禮而比較疏遠的俠義；（對女人）有禮地保護照料，卻不（同她們）親密。
[46] had not, therefore, expected所以事先沒有料到（不是“并不希望”）。
[47] having encountered one who seemed to need masculine help, it was even more terrifying that she should turn the tables by helping him（他）碰到了一個似乎需要男人幫助的女人，而結(jié)果她竟反過來幫助他，這才更使他驚駭，照一般語法書說，放在句首的分詞短語的邏輯上的主語應(yīng)該就是句中的主語，如：Having got his pay, he left.文中having encountered的邏輯上的主語是Chips，而句子的語法上的主語卻是it，不相呼應(yīng)，這種分詞叫做“垂懸分詞”（dangling participle）。但實際上在英美作品中常見這樣的用法。turn the tables轉(zhuǎn)變局面，反敗為勝；是習(xí)語。
[48] did=turned the tables，也就是helped him。
[49] had to=had to turn the tables，也就是had to help him。
[50] could scarcely ['ske?sl?] walk幾乎無法走路
[51] it was a hard job getting him down the steep track to Wasdale沿陡峭的山徑把他攙扶下來，到Wasdale Head。it是虛詞，getting him down ...是it的同位語。
