git rebase能夠?qū)⒎植娴姆种е匦潞喜ⅲ皩?xiě)過(guò)一篇文章介紹它的原理，下面主要介紹它的兩個(gè)使用場(chǎng)景：
場(chǎng)景一：本地與遠(yuǎn)端同一分支提交歷史不一致
方式一
多個(gè)人在同一個(gè)分支上協(xié)作時(shí)，出現(xiàn)沖突是很正常的，比如現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)項(xiàng)目由我和A一同開(kāi)發(fā)。
我在修復(fù)了一個(gè)bug以后準(zhǔn)備提交
HowiedeiMac:ganlin howie$ git add models/paper.go
HowiedeiMac:ganlin howie$ git commit -m 'fix a bug'
[master 8b76654] fix a bug
1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備推送到遠(yuǎn)端
HowiedeiMac:ganlin howie$ git push origin master
To https://gitee.com/greenhn/ganlin.git
! [rejected] master -> master (fetch first)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://gitee.com/greenhn/ganlin.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do
hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing
hint: to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes
hint: (e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.
push失敗了，說(shuō)明A在我之前已經(jīng)提交了，我本地master分支的提交歷史已經(jīng)落后遠(yuǎn)端了，需要先pull一下，與遠(yuǎn)端同步后才能push
HowiedeiMac:ganlin howie$ git pull
remote: Enumerating objects: 14, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (14/14), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (8/8), done.
remote: Total 8 (delta 6), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (8/8), done.
From https://gitee.com/greenhn/ganlin
a1bc60a..b91f711 master -> origin/master
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
controllers/deal_local_data.go | 14 +++++++++++---
controllers/rtu_interface.go | 8 ++++----
models/instrument_type.go | 3 +++
models/rtu_interface.go | 3 +++
4 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
pull成功，現(xiàn)在使用git log看下一提交歷史：
HowiedeiMac:ganlin howie$ git log --oneline --graph
* f63ecbf (HEAD -> master) Merge branch 'master' of https://gitee.com/greenhn/ganlin
|\
| * b91f711 (origin/master, origin/HEAD) 修正bug，優(yōu)化內(nèi)置通道配置
* | 8b76654 fix a bug
|/
* a1bc60a 完善日?qǐng)?bào)接口
* 9f73b5e 增加內(nèi)置通道設(shè)置功能
* a0d464e ...
竟然分叉了！由于我本地master的提交歷史和遠(yuǎn)端的master分支的提交歷史不一致，所以git為我進(jìn)行了自動(dòng)合并，然后生成了一個(gè)新的提交歷史（f63ecbf Merge branch 'master' of）
對(duì)于部分強(qiáng)迫癥來(lái)說(shuō)這個(gè)不能接受的，不想看到分叉。
這個(gè)時(shí)候用git rebase就可以解決
HowiedeiMac:ganlin howie$ git rebase
First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...
Applying: fix a bug
現(xiàn)在再查看一下提交歷史：
HowiedeiMac:ganlin howie$ git log --oneline --graph
* 2e2b995 (HEAD -> master) fix a bug
* b91f711 (origin/master, origin/HEAD) 修正bug，優(yōu)化內(nèi)置通道配置
* a1bc60a 完善日?qǐng)?bào)接口
* 9f73b5e 增加內(nèi)置通道設(shè)置功能
* a0d464e ...
完美解決，現(xiàn)在再push推送到遠(yuǎn)端：
HowiedeiMac:ganlin howie$ git push origin master
Enumerating objects: 7, done.
Counting objects: 100% (7/7), done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 394 bytes | 394.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 4 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Powered By Gitee.com
To https://gitee.com/greenhn/ganlin.git
b91f711..2e2b995 master -> master
再次查看提交歷史
HowiedeiMac:ganlin howie$ git lg --oneline --graph
* 2e2b995 (HEAD -> master, origin/master, origin/HEAD) fix a bug
* b91f711 修正bug，優(yōu)化內(nèi)置通道配置
* a1bc60a 完善日?qǐng)?bào)接口
* 9f73b5e 增加內(nèi)置通道設(shè)置功能
* a0d464e ...
現(xiàn)在遠(yuǎn)端master，遠(yuǎn)端head，本地master全部統(tǒng)一，問(wèn)題解決。
方式二
直接執(zhí)行：
git pull --rebase
效果與上面是一致的，也是最近才發(fā)現(xiàn)，推薦使用
場(chǎng)景二：不同分支之間的合并
由于老板突發(fā)奇想，要求開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)新的功能。
先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)分支用于開(kāi)發(fā)新功能：
git checkout -b feature
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git checkout -b feature
Switched to a new branch 'feature'
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git branch
* feature
master
接下來(lái)修改newFunc.go，增加新的功能,并且保存提交
vim newFunc.go
git add newFunc.go
git commit -m 'add new func'
現(xiàn)在查看一下提交
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git log --oneline --graph
* 4f58ab8 (HEAD -> feature) add new func
* 94c134b (master) init base
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git branch
* feature
master
現(xiàn)在新功能開(kāi)發(fā)完畢，需要將它合并的主分支中。
先嘗試通過(guò)merge合并：
首先切換到master分支
git checkout master
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.
直接合并feature分支
git merge feature
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git merge feature
Auto-merging newFunc.go
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in newFunc.go
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
竟然失敗了，說(shuō)明我兩個(gè)分支之前的版本已經(jīng)不同步了，需要手動(dòng)合并沖突，再提交：
先查看沖突文件：git status
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 7 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
You have unmerged paths.
(fix conflicts and run "git commit")
(use "git merge --abort" to abort the merge)
Unmerged paths:
(use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
both modified: newFunc.go
打開(kāi)文件，進(jìn)行修改
原文件：
func NewFunc() {
<<<<<<< HEAD
=======
fmt.Println("add new func")
>>>>>>> feature
}
修改后：
func NewFunc() {
fmt.Println("add new func")
}
現(xiàn)在通過(guò)add添加，然后commit提交
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git add newFunc.go
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git commit -m 'merge master and feature'
[master 562ec58] merge master and feature
現(xiàn)在在查看一下分支提交歷史：
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git log --oneline --graph
* 562ec58 (HEAD -> master) merge master and feature
|\
| * 4f58ab8 (feature) add new func
* | 0e80f97 do something
|/
* 94c134b init base
雖然合并成功，但是Master已經(jīng)保存了合并歷史，出現(xiàn)開(kāi)叉了！對(duì)于強(qiáng)迫癥患者來(lái)說(shuō)肯定是不能接受的。
通過(guò)rebase合并分支：
現(xiàn)在將版本退回到合并前,也就是回退一個(gè)版本
git reset --hard head^
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git reset --hard head^
HEAD is now at 0e80f97 do something
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git log --oneline --graph
* 0e80f97 (HEAD -> master) do something
* 94c134b init base
退回去了，現(xiàn)在是位于master分支的init base提交這里。
先切換回feature分支：
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git checkout feature
Switched to branch 'feature'
在feature分支上執(zhí)行: git rebase master
這句命令的意識(shí)是：以master為基礎(chǔ)，將feature分支上的修改增加到master分支上，并生成新的版本。
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git rebase master
First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...
Applying: add new func
Using index info to reconstruct a base tree...
M newFunc.go
Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge...
Auto-merging newFunc.go
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in newFunc.go
error: Failed to merge in the changes.
Patch failed at 0001 add new func
hint: Use 'git am --show-current-patch' to see the failed patch
Resolve all conflicts manually, mark them as resolved with
"git add/rm <conflicted_files>", then run "git rebase --continue".
You can instead skip this commit: run "git rebase --skip".
To abort and get back to the state before "git rebase", run "git rebase --abort".
失敗了，原因很簡(jiǎn)單，兩個(gè)分支修改個(gè)同一個(gè)文件，產(chǎn)生了沖突。所以先需要解決沖突：
打開(kāi)沖突的文件，解決沖突
原文件：
func NewFunc() {
<<<<<<< HEAD
=======
fmt.Println("add new func")
>>>>>>> add new func
}
修改后：
func NewFunc() {
fmt.Println("add new func")
}
現(xiàn)在通過(guò)add添加
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git add newFunc.go
現(xiàn)在是重點(diǎn)，之前的rebase其實(shí)只是完成了一半，由于出現(xiàn)沖突而終止，現(xiàn)在沖突解決，可以通過(guò)git rebase —continue繼續(xù)完成之前的rebase操作。
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git rebase --continue
Applying: add new func
rebase完成，再查看一下提交歷史：
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git log --oneline --graph
* b2593e6 (HEAD -> feature) add new func
* 0e80f97 (master) do something
* 94c134b init base
提交記錄已經(jīng)是一條完美的直線?，F(xiàn)在切換到主分支master，將feather分支上的提交合并過(guò)來(lái)。
git checkout master
git merge feature
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 7 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git merge feature
Updating 0e80f97..b2593e6
Fast-forward
newFunc.go | 1 +
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
再次查看一下提交歷史：
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git log --oneline --graph
* b2593e6 (HEAD -> master, feature) add new func
* 0e80f97 do something
* 94c134b init base
問(wèn)題解決，master上也是一條直線了。
最后收個(gè)尾，刪除掉feature分支：
HowiedeiMac:hello howie$ git branch -d feature
Deleted branch feature (was b2593e6).
