tag:python, visual c++, pyhanlp, jpype
本文寫(xiě)于2020年9月10日，閱讀時(shí)請(qǐng)注意時(shí)效性。

問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)：

在使用命令pip isntall pyhanlp安裝pyhanlp的過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)了如下的錯(cuò)誤信息，類(lèi)似的問(wèn)題也會(huì)在安裝mysql-python、scrapy時(shí)出現(xiàn)。在安裝RUST語(yǔ)言的時(shí)候也會(huì)遇到類(lèi)似的情況。

C:\Windows\system32>pip install pyhanlp -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting pyhanlp
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/8f/99/13078d71bc9f77705a29f932359046abac3001335ea1d21e91120b200b21/pyhanlp-0.1.66.tar.gz (86 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 86 kB 628 kB/s
Collecting jpype1==0.7.0
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/28/63/784834e8a24ec2e1ad7f703c3dc6c6fb372a77cc68a2fdff916e18a4449e/JPype1-0.7.0.tar.gz (470 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 470 kB 2.2 MB/s
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for pyhanlp, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for jpype1, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: jpype1, pyhanlp
Running setup.py install for jpype1 ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: 'c:\program files\python38\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mamcaw85\jpype1\setup.py'"'"'; file='"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mamcaw85\jpype1\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(file);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, file, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-ed77_3sc\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'c:\program files\python38\Include\jpype1'
cwd: C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mamcaw85\jpype1
Complete output (52 lines):
c:\program files\python38\lib\distutils\dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'use_scm_version'
warnings.warn(msg)
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype\beans.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype\imports.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype\nio.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype\reflect.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype\types.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_classpath.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_core.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_cygwin.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_darwin.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_gui.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jarray.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jboxed.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jclass.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jcollection.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jcomparable.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jcustomizer.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jexception.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jinit.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jio.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jobject.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jpackage.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jproxy.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jstring.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jtypes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_jvmfinder.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_linux.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_pykeywords.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_windows.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
copying jpype_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype
running build_ext
running build_java
Using Jar cache
creating build\lib
creating build\lib\org
creating build\lib\org\jpype
creating build\lib\org\jpype\classloader
copying native\jars\org\jpype\classloader\JPypeClassLoader.class -> build\lib\org\jpype\classloader
copying native\jars\org.jpype.jar -> build\lib
running build_thunk
Building thunks
including thunk build\lib\org\jpype\classloader\JPypeClassLoader.class
including thunk build\lib\org.jpype.jar
building '_jpype' extension

error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Build Tools for Visual Studio": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'c:\program files\python38\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mamcaw85\jpype1\setup.py'"'"'; file='"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mamcaw85\jpype1\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(file);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, file, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-ed77_3sc\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'c:\program files\python38\Include\jpype1' Check the logs for full command output.

解決方法：

1. 不安裝Visual Studio的方法：
   1. 按照上面的鏈接打開(kāi)Visual Studio的下載界面（目前是VS2019），找到Visual Studio 2019 工具（Tools for Visual Studio 2019）Visual Studio 2019 生成工具（Build Tools for Visual Studio 2019）
   2. 下載安裝，系統(tǒng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)Visual Studio Installer
   3. 選擇單個(gè)組件選項(xiàng)卡，安裝如圖所示的兩個(gè)組件即可
2. 安裝Visual Studio的方法：直接打開(kāi)Visual Studio Installer，安裝上圖所示的兩個(gè)組件即可
3. Stack Overflow上還有另外一種方法——直接執(zhí)行下面鏈接中給出的安裝程序，但是方法中只給出了鏈接卻并沒(méi)有給出出處，所以不推薦這種方法。這種方法的原理應(yīng)該與前兩種類(lèi)似，詳情見(jiàn)下面的分析。原回答中的鏈接如下：http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=691126&fixForIE=.exe.

解決過(guò)程和分析：

• 首先，要注意一個(gè)語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題，build tools翻譯成中文是生成工具，一開(kāi)始以為應(yīng)該是構(gòu)建工具所以浪費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間。

• 然后，如果已經(jīng)安裝Visual Studio的話其實(shí)沒(méi)必要再安裝一次生成工具了，因?yàn)樯晒ぞ咧械膬?nèi)容已經(jīng)在本體中包含了，如果同時(shí)安裝生成工具和本體會(huì)出現(xiàn)下面這樣的情況，圖是別人的2017，看個(gè)意思就好。

[圖片上傳失敗...(image-a9ba94-1599747624822)]

• 接下來(lái)，如果只安裝單個(gè)組件中的MSVC v140 - VS 2015 C++ 生成工具(v14.00)是不行的，會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)誤：fatal error C1083: 無(wú)法打開(kāi)包括文件: “basetsd.h”: No such file or directory。

{太長(zhǎng)前略}
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -DWIN32=1 -Inative\common\include -Inative\python\include -Ibuild\src -Inative\jni_include "-Ic:\program files\python38\include" "-Ic:\program files\python38\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\ATLMFC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\ucrt" /EHsc /Tpnative\common\jp_arrayclass.cpp /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-3.8\Release\native\common\jp_arrayclass.obj /Zi /EHsc /std:c++14
jp_arrayclass.cpp
c:\program files\python38\include\pyconfig.h(206): fatal error C1083: 無(wú)法打開(kāi)包括文件: “basetsd.h”: No such file or directory

? error: command 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'c:\program files\python38\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-ogvytpx6\jpype1\setup.py'"'"'; file='"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-ogvytpx6\jpype1\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(file);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, file, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-y9h_yg7p\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'c:\program files\python38\Include\jpype1' Check the logs for full command output.

• 這個(gè)問(wèn)題實(shí)際上是由于沒(méi)有安裝Windows SDK引起的，但是如果追加安裝Visual Studio 2019中的Windows 10 SDK依然無(wú)法解決，會(huì)報(bào)另一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤”LINK : fatal error LNK1158: 無(wú)法運(yùn)行“rc.exe”“：

{太長(zhǎng)前略}

正在創(chuàng)建庫(kù) build\temp.win-amd64-3.8\Release\build\src_jpype.cp38-win_amd64.lib 和對(duì)象 build\temp.win-amd64-3.8\Release\build\src_jpype.cp38-win_amd64.exp
正在生成代碼
已完成代碼的生成
LINK : fatal error LNK1158: 無(wú)法運(yùn)行“rc.exe”

error: command 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\link.exe' failed with exit status 1158

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'c:\program files\python38\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-qj00er_b\jpype1\setup.py'"'"'; file='"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-qj00er_b\jpype1\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(file);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, file, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-5llbdh9e\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'c:\program files\python38\Include\jpype1' Check the logs for full command output.

• 參考了一些其他人的情況，這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是由于SDK的版本和Build Tools的版本不匹配造成的，只要SDK版本和相應(yīng)的Build Tools版本匹配是不會(huì)出現(xiàn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的。根據(jù)我自己的嘗試，混搭方法都失敗了。至于什么叫做匹配，下面會(huì)提到。

• 其實(shí)在Build Tools for Visual Studio 2019的工作負(fù)載選項(xiàng)卡中選擇C++ Build Tools，安裝默認(rèn)的5個(gè)組件就可以完美解決，只是后來(lái)抱著”能少一點(diǎn)是一點(diǎn)“的心態(tài)又試了幾次才發(fā)現(xiàn)只要單獨(dú)安裝前兩個(gè)組件就可以解決問(wèn)題。

• 第三種方法中得到的安裝包的詳細(xì)信息中顯示版本號(hào)14.0.25420.1，推測(cè)應(yīng)該就是VS2015的生成工具，但是實(shí)在找不到鏈接的出處了。與上面的方法相似，默認(rèn)安裝選項(xiàng)直接解決，自定義安裝時(shí)如果不選上Windows 8 SDK的話會(huì)報(bào)和上面一樣的錯(cuò)誤。

• 匹配就是指像上圖中的14.27對(duì)應(yīng)Windows 10的高版本SDK而14.0對(duì)應(yīng)下圖中的Windows 8 SDK。

具有參考價(jià)值的Stack Overflow上的問(wèn)題：

1. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29846087/microsoft-visual-c-14-0-is-required-unable-to-find-vcvarsall-bat
2. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40504552/how-to-install-visual-c-build-tools
3. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14372706/visual-studio-cant-build-due-to-rc-exe?newreg=f00ac10c2a4448ceb438f258e5c229a4

另外，Build Tools for Visual Studio 2019也可以從這個(gè)鏈接直接獲得，這是RUST官網(wǎng)上給出的鏈接：https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/