一、Foundation framework中用于收集cocoa對象(NSObject對象)的三種集合分別是:
NSArray 用于對象有序集合(數(shù)組)
NSSet 用于對象無序集合(集合)
NSDictionary用于鍵值映射(字典)
以上三種集合類是不可變的(一旦初始化后,就不能改變)
以下是對應(yīng)的三種可變集合類(這三種可變集合類是對應(yīng)上面三種集合類的子類):
NSMutableArray
NSMutableSet
NSMutableDictionary
注:這些集合類只能收集cocoa對象(NSOjbect對象),如果想保存一些原始的C數(shù)據(jù)(例如,int, float, double, BOOL等),則需要將這些原始的C數(shù)據(jù)封裝成NSNumber類型的,NSNumber對象是cocoa對象,可以被保存在集合類中。
=================== NSArray ====================
Ordered collection of objects. Immutable(you cannot add or remove objects to it once it’s created)
Important methods:
- (id)arrayWithObjects:(id)firstObject, ...; // nil terminated
(int)count; // 得到array中的對象個(gè)數(shù)
(id)objectAtIndex:(int)index; // 得到索引為i的對象
(BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject; // 當(dāng)anObject出現(xiàn)在array中,則返回yes(實(shí)際是通過isEqual:方法來判斷)
(unsigned)indexOfObject:(id)anObject; // 查找array中的anObject,并返回其最小索引值。沒找到返回NSNotFound.
(void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;
(NSArray *)sortedArrayUsingSelector:(SEL)aSelector;
(id)lastObject; // 得到array中最后一個(gè)對象。如果array中沒有任何對象存在,則返回nil
注:
類方法arrayWithObjects 可以創(chuàng)建an autoreleased NSArray of the items.例如
@implementation MyObject-
(NSArray *)coolCats {
return [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@“Steve”, @“Ankush”, @“Sean”, nil];
}
@end
Other convenient create with methods (all return autoreleased objects):
[NSString stringWithFormat:@“Meaning of %@ is %d”, @“l(fā)ife”, 42];
[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:ankush, @“TA”, janestudent, @“Student”, nil];
[NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path];
-----創(chuàng)建數(shù)組 -----
NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];self.dataArray = array;
[array release];NSLog(@"self.dataArray count is:%d",[self.dataArray count]);
NSLog(@"self.dataArray index 2 is:%@",[self.dataArray objectAtIndex:2]);
------ 從一個(gè)數(shù)組拷貝數(shù)據(jù)到另一數(shù)組(可變數(shù)級) -------
//arrayWithArray:
NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] init];
NSMutableArray *MutableArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",nil];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
MutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array];
NSLog(@"MutableArray:%@",MutableArray);
array1 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:array];
NSLog(@"array1:%@",array1);
//Copy
//id obj;
NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
for(int i = 0; i < [oldArray count]; i++) {
obj = [[oldArray objectAtIndex:i] copy];
[newArray addObject: obj];
}
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];
//快速枚舉
NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
for(id obj in oldArray)
{
[newArray addObject: obj];
}
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];
//Deep copy
NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
newArray = (NSMutableArray*)CFPropertyListCreateDeepCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFPropertyListRef)oldArray, kCFPropertyListMutableContainers);
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];
=================== NSMutableArray ====================
Mutable version of NSArray.
(void)addObject:(id)anObject; // 在array最后添加anObject, 添加nil是非法的.
(void)addObjectsFromArray:(NSArray *)otherArray; //在array最后把otherArray中的對象依次添加進(jìn)去。
(void)insertObject:(id)anObject atIndex:(int)index; //在索引index處插入anObject, 若index被占用,會把之后的object向后移。
(void)removeObjectAtIndex:(int)index; //刪除index處的對象,后面的對象依次向前移。
(void)removeObject:(id)anObject; // 刪除所有和anObject相等的對象,同樣使用isEqual:作為相等比較方法.
(void)removeAllObjects;
注:我們不能把nil加到array中。但有時(shí)候我們真想給array加一個(gè)空的對象,可以使用NSNull來做這件事。如:
[myArray addObject:[NSNull null]];
-----給數(shù)組分配容量-----
//NSArray *array;
array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:20];
-----在數(shù)組末尾添加對象-----
//- (void) addObject: (id) anObject;
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
[array addObject:@"Four"];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
-----刪除數(shù)組中指定索引處對象-----
//-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: (unsigned) index;
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
[array removeObjectAtIndex:1];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
----- 數(shù)組枚舉-----
//1、- (NSEnumerator *)objectEnumerator; //從前向后
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
NSEnumerator *enumerator;
enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];
id thingie;
while (thingie = [enumerator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"thingie:%@",thingie);
}
//2、- (NSEnumerator *)reverseObjectEnumerator; //從后向前
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
NSEnumerator *enumerator;
enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];
id object;
while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"object:%@",object);
}
//3、快速枚舉
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
for(NSString *string in array) {
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
}
----- NSValue(對任何對象進(jìn)行包裝)-----
//將NSRect放入NSArray中
NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSValue *value;
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480);
value = [NSValue valueWithBytes:&rect objCType:@encode(CGRect)];
[array addObject:value];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
//從Array中 提取
value = [array objectAtIndex:0];
[value getValue:&rect];
NSLog(@"value:%@",value);
----★使用NSMutableArray要防止內(nèi)存泄露★------
NSObject* p1 = [[NSObject alloc] init];
NSObject* p2 = [[NSObject alloc] init];
NSMutableArray* objectsArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
[objectsArray addObject:p1];
NSLog(@"p1 count:%d", [p1 retainCount]);//輸出 2,也就是執(zhí)行追加對象后,對象的計(jì)數(shù)器也被加1
//[p1 release];
//NSLog(@"p1 count:%d", [p1 retainCount]);
//同樣做數(shù)組替換時(shí)
[objectsArray replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:p2];
NSLog(@"p2 count:%d", [p2 retainCount]);//輸出 2,同樣也是2
NSLog(@"p1 count:%d", [p1 retainCount]);//輸出 1,對象p1仍然存在
//[p2 release];
//NSLog(@"p2 count:%d", [p2 retainCount]);
//執(zhí)行清空數(shù)組
[objectsArray removeAllObjects];
NSLog(@"p2 count:%d", [p2 retainCount]);//輸出 1,對象p2仍然存在
//[p2 release];
由此可知,每次執(zhí)行上面的數(shù)組操作后,要執(zhí)行對象release,如上面注釋中的語句,才能保證內(nèi)存不泄露。
NSSet
Unordered collection of objects.
Immutable. You cannot add or remove objects to it once it’s created.
Important methods:
- setWithObjects:(id)firstObj, ...; // nil terminated
- (int)count;
- (BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject;
- (id)anyObject;
- (void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;
- (id)member:(id)anObject; // uses isEqual: and returns a matching object (if any)
NSMutableSet
Mutable version of NSSet.
- (NSMutableSet *)set;
- (void)addObject:(id)anObject;
- (void)removeObject:(id)anObject;
- (void)removeAllObjects;
- (void)unionSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;
- (void)minusSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;
- (void)intersectSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;
NSDictionary
一個(gè)dictionary就是key-value對的集合。 key是字符串(NSString),value是對象指針。
key在整個(gè)dictionary是唯一的。通過方法objectForKey:來獲得對應(yīng)于某個(gè)key的一個(gè)或多個(gè)value(值)。
NSDictionary在創(chuàng)建時(shí),其中所有的key和對應(yīng)的value都存在了。你可以訪問其內(nèi)容,但不可以修改。
dictionary使用hash表來實(shí)現(xiàn),所以查找速度很快。
- (NSUInteger)hash & - (BOOL)isEqual:(NSObject *)obj
Important methods:
- dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: (id)firstObject, ...;
- (int)count; // 返回有多少對key-value
- (id)objectForKey:(id)key; //返回和key相關(guān)聯(lián)的value。 如果沒有和key相關(guān)聯(lián)的value,則返回nil。
- (NSArray *)allKeys; // 返回一個(gè)包含所有key的array
- (NSArray *)allValues;
- NSEnumerator *)keyEnumerator; //這個(gè)方法是從一個(gè) dictionary 中得到一個(gè) key 的迭代器.
Enumerators 也就是 iterators 或 enumerations.我們可以使用它來一步一步迭代出集合中的所 有成員.
下面是我們可能使用它來列舉所有的 key- ‐vaule 對
NSEnumerator *e = [myDict keyEnumerator];
for (NSString *s in e) {
NSLog(@"key is %@, value is %@", s, [myDict objectForKey:s]);
}
注:NSArray 也有一個(gè)類似的方法得到 array 的成員迭代 器 : objectEnumerator
-----創(chuàng)建字典 -----
- (id) initWithObjectsAndKeys;
NSDictionary *dictionary = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"One",@"1",@"Two",@"2",@"Three",@"3",nil];
NSString *string = [dictionary objectForKey:@"One"];
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
[dictionary release];
NSMutableDictionary
Mutable version of NSDictionary.
NSMutableDictionary是NSDictionary的子類。創(chuàng)建后,允許用戶添加和刪除key和value。
- (NSMutableDictionary *)dictionary; // 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)空的dictionary
- (void)setObject:(id)anObject forKey:(id)key; // 使用key和anObject組成一條記錄添加到dictionary中
// 如果key已存在,則會先移除舊的key-value,然后再添加新的key-value。 - (void)removeObjectForKey:(id)key; // 從dictionary中刪除一條記錄,key以及和它對應(yīng)的value
- (void)removeAllObjects;
- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(NSDictionary *)otherDictionary;
-----創(chuàng)建可變字典 -----
//創(chuàng)建
NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
//添加字典
[dictionary setObject:@"One" forKey:@"1"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Two" forKey:@"2"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Three" forKey:@"3"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Four" forKey:@"4"];
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
//刪除指定的字典
[dictionary removeObjectForKey:@"3"];
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);