Built-In Roles（內(nèi)置角色）：
1. 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用戶(hù)角色：read、readWrite;
2. 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理角色：dbAdmin、dbOwner、userAdmin；
3. 集群管理角色：clusterAdmin、clusterManager、clusterMonitor、hostManager；
4. 備份恢復(fù)角色：backup、restore；
5. 所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)角色：readAnyDatabase、readWriteAnyDatabase、userAdminAnyDatabase、dbAdminAnyDatabase
6. 超級(jí)用戶(hù)角色：root
// 這里還有幾個(gè)角色間接或直接提供了系統(tǒng)超級(jí)用戶(hù)的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)（dbOwner 、userAdmin、userAdminAnyDatabase）
7. 內(nèi)部角色：__system
具體角色：
Read：允許用戶(hù)讀取指定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
readWrite：允許用戶(hù)讀寫(xiě)指定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
dbAdmin：允許用戶(hù)在指定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中執(zhí)行管理函數(shù)，如索引創(chuàng)建、刪除，查看統(tǒng)計(jì)或訪(fǎng)問(wèn)system.profile
userAdmin：允許用戶(hù)向system.users集合寫(xiě)入，可以找指定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)里創(chuàng)建、刪除和管理用戶(hù)
clusterAdmin：只在admin數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中可用，賦予用戶(hù)所有分片和復(fù)制集相關(guān)函數(shù)的管理權(quán)限。
readAnyDatabase：只在admin數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中可用，賦予用戶(hù)所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的讀權(quán)限
readWriteAnyDatabase：只在admin數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中可用，賦予用戶(hù)所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的讀寫(xiě)權(quán)限
userAdminAnyDatabase：只在admin數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中可用，賦予用戶(hù)所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的userAdmin權(quán)限
dbAdminAnyDatabase：只在admin數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中可用，賦予用戶(hù)所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的dbAdmin權(quán)限。
root：只在admin數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中可用。超級(jí)賬號(hào)，超級(jí)權(quán)限
參考：https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/built-in-roles/#built-in-roles
例：
root@zhoujinyi:/usr/local/mongo4# mongo --port=27020
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.4
connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27020/
test> show dbs;? ? ####沒(méi)有驗(yàn)證，導(dǎo)致沒(méi)權(quán)限。
2015-06-29T10:02:16.634-0400 E QUERY? ? Error: listDatabases failed:
{? ??
"ok" : 0,? ?
?"errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listDatabases: 1.0 }",? ?
?"code" : 13
}? ??
at Error ()
at Mongo.getDBs (src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47:15)
at shellHelper.show (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:630:33)
at shellHelper (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:524:36)
at (shellhelp2):1:1 at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47
> use admin? ? ? ? #驗(yàn)證，因?yàn)樵赼dmin下面添加的帳號(hào)，所以要到admin下面驗(yàn)證。
switched to db admin
> db.auth('dba','dba')
> show dbs;
admin? 0.078GB
local? 0.078GB
> use test? ? ? ? #在test庫(kù)里創(chuàng)建帳號(hào)
switched to db test
> db.createUser(
...? ? {
...? ? ? user: "zjyr",
...? ? ? pwd: "zjyr",
...? ? ? roles: [
...? ? ? ? ? { role: "read", db: "test" }? ? #只讀帳號(hào)
...? ? ? ]
...? ? }
... )
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "zjyr",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
> db.createUser(
...? ? {
...? ? ? user: "zjy",
...? ? ? pwd: "zjy",
...? ? ? roles: [
...? ? ? ? ? { role: "readWrite", db: "test" }? #讀寫(xiě)帳號(hào)
...? ? ? ]
...? ? }
... )
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "zjy",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #讀寫(xiě)賬號(hào)
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
> show users;? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #查看當(dāng)前庫(kù)下的用戶(hù)
{
"_id" : "test.zjyr",
"user" : "zjyr",
"db" : "test",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "test.zjy",
"user" : "zjy",
"db" : "test",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
驗(yàn)證：
> db.abc.insert({"a":1,"b":2})? ? ? ? ? ? ? #插入失敗，沒(méi)有權(quán)限，userAdminAnyDatabase 權(quán)限只是針對(duì)用戶(hù)管理的，對(duì)其他是沒(méi)有權(quán)限的。
WriteResult({
"writeError" : {
"code" : 13,
"errmsg" : "not authorized on test to execute command { insert: \"abc\", documents: [ { _id: ObjectId('55915185d629831d887ce2cb'), a: 1.0, b: 2.0 } ], ordered: true }"
}
})
>
bye
root@zhoujinyi:/usr/local/mongo4# mongo --port=27020
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.4
connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27020/test
> use test
switched to db test
> db.auth('zjy','zjy')? ? ? #用創(chuàng)建的readWrite帳號(hào)進(jìn)行寫(xiě)入
> db.abc.insert({"a":1,"b":2})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.abc.insert({"a":11,"b":22})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.abc.insert({"a":111,"b":222})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.abc.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("559151a1b78649ebd8316853"), "a" : 1, "b" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("559151cab78649ebd8316854"), "a" : 11, "b" : 22 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("559151ceb78649ebd8316855"), "a" : 111, "b" : 222 }
> db.auth('zjyr','zjyr')? ? ? #切換到只有read權(quán)限的帳號(hào)
> db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222})? #不能寫(xiě)入
WriteResult({
"writeError" : {
"code" : 13,
"errmsg" : "not authorized on test to execute command { insert: \"abc\", documents: [ { _id: ObjectId('559151ebb78649ebd8316856'), a: 1111.0, b: 2222.0 } ], ordered: true }"
}
})
> db.abc.find()? ? ? ? #可以查看
{ "_id" : ObjectId("559151a1b78649ebd8316853"), "a" : 1, "b" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("559151cab78649ebd8316854"), "a" : 11, "b" : 22 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("559151ceb78649ebd8316855"), "a" : 111, "b" : 222 }
有沒(méi)有一個(gè)超級(jí)權(quán)限？不僅可以授權(quán)，而且也可以對(duì)集合進(jìn)行任意操作？答案是肯定的，只是不建議使用。那就是role角色設(shè)置成root
> db.auth('dba','dba')
> db.createUser(
...? {
...? ? user: "zhoujinyi",
...? ? pwd: "zhoujinyi",
...? ? roles: [
...? ? ? { role: "root", db: "admin" }? ? ? #超級(jí)root帳號(hào)
...? ? ]
...? }
... )
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "zhoujinyi",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
>
> show users;? ? ? ? ? ? ? #查看當(dāng)前庫(kù)下的用戶(hù)
{
"_id" : "admin.dba",
"user" : "dba",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "admin.zhoujinyi",
"user" : "zhoujinyi",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth('zhoujinyi','zhoujinyi')
> use test
switched to db test
> db.abc.insert({"a":1,"b":2})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222})? ? ? ? ? #權(quán)限都有
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.abc.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5591539bb78649ebd8316857"), "a" : 1, "b" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("559153a0b78649ebd8316858"), "a" : 1111, "b" : 2222 }
> db.abc.remove({})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 2 })
因?yàn)閹ぬ?hào)都是在當(dāng)前需要授權(quán)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)下授權(quán)的，那要是不在當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)下會(huì)怎么樣？
> db
admin
> db.createUser(
...? {
...? ? user: "dxy",
...? ? pwd: "dxy",
...? ? roles: [
...? ? ? { role: "readWrite", db: "test" },? ? #在當(dāng)前庫(kù)下創(chuàng)建其他庫(kù)的帳號(hào)，在admin庫(kù)下創(chuàng)建test、abc庫(kù)的帳號(hào)
...? ? ? { role: "readWrite", db: "abc" }
...? ? ]
...? }
... )
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "dxy",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test"
},
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "abc"
}
]
}
>
> show users;
{
"_id" : "admin.dba",
"user" : "dba",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "admin.zhoujinyi",
"user" : "zhoujinyi",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "admin.dxy",
"user" : "dxy",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test"
},
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "abc"
}
]
}
> use test
switched to db test
> db.auth('dxy','dxy')? ? ? ? ? #在admin下創(chuàng)建的帳號(hào)，不能直接在其他庫(kù)驗(yàn)證，
Error: 18 Authentication failed.
> use admin
switched to db admin? ? ? ? ? ? #只能在帳號(hào)創(chuàng)建庫(kù)下認(rèn)證，再去其他庫(kù)進(jìn)行操作。
> db.auth('dxy','dxy')
> use test
switched to db test
> db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> use abc
switched to db abc
> db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
上面更加進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)帳號(hào)是跟著數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)來(lái)走的，哪里創(chuàng)建哪里認(rèn)證。
創(chuàng)建了這么多帳號(hào)，怎么查看所有帳號(hào)？
>? use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth('dba','dba')
> db.system.users.find().pretty()
{
"_id" : "admin.dba",
"user" : "dba",
"db" : "admin",
"credentials" : {
"SCRAM-SHA-1" : {
"iterationCount" : 10000,
"salt" : "KfDUzCOIUo7WVjFr64ZOcQ==",
"storedKey" : "t4sPsKG2dXnZztVYj5EgdUzT9sc=",
"serverKey" : "2vCGiq9NIc1zKqeEL6VvO4rP26A="
}
},
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "test.zjyr",
"user" : "zjyr",
"db" : "test",
"credentials" : {
"SCRAM-SHA-1" : {
"iterationCount" : 10000,
"salt" : "h1gOW3J7wzJuTqgmmQgJKQ==",
"storedKey" : "7lkoANdxM2py0qiDBzFaZYPp1cM=",
"serverKey" : "Qyu6IRNyaKLUvqJ2CAa/tQYY36c="
}
},
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "test.zjy",
"user" : "zjy",
"db" : "test",
"credentials" : {
"SCRAM-SHA-1" : {
"iterationCount" : 10000,
"salt" : "afwaKuTYPWwbDBduQ4Hm7g==",
"storedKey" : "ebb2LYLn4hiOVlZqgrAKBdStfn8=",
"serverKey" : "LG2qWwuuV+FNMmr9lWs+Rb3DIhQ="
}
},
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "admin.zhoujinyi",
"user" : "zhoujinyi",
"db" : "admin",
"credentials" : {
"SCRAM-SHA-1" : {
"iterationCount" : 10000,
"salt" : "pE2cSOYtBOYevk8tqrwbSQ==",
"storedKey" : "TwMxdnlB5Eiaqg4tNh9ByNuUp9A=",
"serverKey" : "Mofr9ohVlFfR6/md4LMRkOhXouc="
}
},
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "admin.dxy",
"user" : "dxy",
"db" : "admin",
"credentials" : {
"SCRAM-SHA-1" : {
"iterationCount" : 10000,
"salt" : "XD6smcWX4tdg/ZJPoLxxRg==",
"storedKey" : "F4uiayykHDp/r9krAKZjdr+gqjM=",
"serverKey" : "Kf51IU9J3RIrB8CFn5Z5hEKMSkw="
}
},
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test"
},
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "abc"
}
]
}
> db.system.users.find().count()
備份還原使用那個(gè)角色的帳號(hào)？之前創(chuàng)建的帳號(hào)zjy:test庫(kù)讀寫(xiě)權(quán)限；zjyr:test庫(kù)讀權(quán)限
root@zhoujinyi:~# mongodump --port=27020 -uzjyr -pzjyr --db=test -o backup? #只要讀權(quán)限就可以備份
2015-06-29T11:20:04.864-0400? ? writing test.abc to backup/test/abc.bson
2015-06-29T11:20:04.865-0400? ? writing test.abc metadata to backup/test/abc.metadata.json
2015-06-29T11:20:04.866-0400? ? done dumping test.abc
2015-06-29T11:20:04.867-0400? ? writing test.system.indexes to backup/test/system.indexes.bson
root@zhoujinyi:~# mongorestore --port=27020 -uzjy -pzjy --db=test backup/test/? #讀寫(xiě)權(quán)限可以進(jìn)行還原
2015-06-29T11:20:26.607-0400? ? building a list of collections to restore from backup/test/ dir
2015-06-29T11:20:26.609-0400? ? reading metadata file from backup/test/abc.metadata.json
2015-06-29T11:20:26.609-0400? ? restoring test.abc from file backup/test/abc.bson
2015-06-29T11:20:26.611-0400? ? error: E11000 duplicate key error index: test.abc.$_id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('559154efb78649ebd831685a') }
2015-06-29T11:20:26.611-0400? ? restoring indexes for collection test.abc from metadata
2015-06-29T11:20:26.612-0400? ? finished restoring test.abc
2015-06-29T11:20:26.612-0400? ? done
